| Spaetzle morphogen shuttling in the Drosophila embryo shapes gastrulation patterning | Dynamics of Spaetzle morphogen shuttling in the Drosophila embryo shapes gastrulation patterning.
Rahimi N, Averbukh I, Carmon S, Schejter ED, Barkai N, Shilo BZ. | 07/4/2020 |
| Toll-6 and Spz are a new pair of guidance molecules mediating organ-specific metastatic behavior. | Spz/Toll-6 signal guides organotropic metastasis in Drosophila.
Mishra-Gorur K, Li D, Ma X, Yarman Y, Xue L, Xu T., Free PMC Article | 05/30/2020 |
| Data suggest that Spz functions with neuron-type specificity at the muscle 4 NMJ, and DNT1 and DNT2 function together at the muscles 6,7 NMJ. | Neuron-type specific functions of DNT1, DNT2 and Spz at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction.
Sutcliffe B, Forero MG, Zhu B, Robinson IM, Hidalgo A., Free PMC Article | 07/12/2014 |
| The crystal structure of a 1:1 (nonsignaling) complex of the full-length Toll receptor ectodomain (ECD) with the Spatzle cystine knot domain dimer, is reported. | Structure of the Toll-Spatzle complex, a molecular hub in Drosophila development and innate immunity.
Parthier C, Stelter M, Ursel C, Fandrich U, Lilie H, Breithaupt C, Stubbs MT., Free PMC Article | 06/28/2014 |
| The asymmetric binding mode of Spz to Toll is similar to that of nerve growth factor (NGF) in complex with the p75 neurotrophin receptor but is distinct from that of microbial ligands bound to the Toll-like receptors. | Cytokine Spatzle binds to the Drosophila immunoreceptor Toll with a neurotrophin-like specificity and couples receptor activation.
Lewis M, Arnot CJ, Beeston H, McCoy A, Ashcroft AE, Gay NJ, Gangloff M., Free PMC Article | 03/1/2014 |
| These results suggest a novel function of retromer in regulating Toll pathway and innate immunity at a step that modulates ligand processing or activity. | Retromer promotes immune quiescence by suppressing Spätzle-Toll pathway in Drosophila.
Zhou B, Yun EY, Ray L, You J, Ip YT, Lin X., Free PMC Article | 02/22/2014 |
| The study reports the expression and refolding of Easter, and show that the renatured enzyme performs the activation cleavage of two spatzle isoforms. | In vitro maturation of Drosophila melanogaster Spätzle protein with refolded Easter reveals a novel cleavage site within the prodomain.
Ursel C, Fandrich U, Hoffmann A, Sieg T, Ihling C, Stubbs MT. | 02/1/2014 |
| the Spatzle prodomain masks a predominantly hydrophobic region of Spatzle and proteolysis causes a conformational change that exposes determinants that are critical for binding to the Toll receptor | Molecular mechanism that induces activation of Spätzle, the ligand for the Drosophila Toll receptor.
Arnot CJ, Gay NJ, Gangloff M., Free PMC Article | 07/26/2010 |
| Expression of the AMP gene drosomycin (a Toll target) was blocked when expression of the Toll ligand Spatzle was knocked down in haemocytes. | Toll-dependent antimicrobial responses in Drosophila larval fat body require Spätzle secreted by haemocytes.
Shia AK, Glittenberg M, Thompson G, Weber AN, Reichhart JM, Ligoxygakis P., Free PMC Article | 03/8/2010 |
| Sites within the Spatzle protein have been associated with binding to the Toll receptor. | Evolutionary and functional epitopes of the Spätzle protein: new insights into activation of the Toll receptor.
Wang Y, Zhu S., Free PMC Article | 01/21/2010 |
| Drosophila Spatzle, a cystine knot protein, has three isoforms | Biophysical characterization of refolded Drosophila Spätzle, a cystine knot protein, reveals distinct properties of three isoforms.
Hoffmann A, Funkner A, Neumann P, Juhnke S, Walther M, Schierhorn A, Weininger U, Balbach J, Reuter G, Stubbs MT. | 01/21/2010 |
| Mass spectrometry, N-terminal sequencing and Western-blot analysis revealed that the crystals contained the C-terminal disulfide-linked cystine-knot dimer | Crystallization of Spätzle, a cystine-knot protein involved in embryonic development and innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster.
Hoffmann A, Neumann P, Schierhorn A, Stubbs MT., Free PMC Article | 01/21/2010 |
| activation of Toll is an allosteric mechanism induced by an end-on binding mode of its ligand Spz | Structural insight into the mechanism of activation of the Toll receptor by the dimeric ligand Spätzle.
Gangloff M, Murali A, Xiong J, Arnot CJ, Weber AN, Sandercock AM, Robinson CV, Sarisky R, Holzenburg A, Kao C, Gay NJ. | 01/21/2010 |
| Spatzle can function as a ligand for Toll because Spatzle forms a complex with Toll in transgenic fly extracts. | Multimerization and interaction of Toll and Spätzle in Drosophila.
Hu X, Yagi Y, Tanji T, Zhou S, Ip YT., Free PMC Article | 01/21/2010 |