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Positive skin fungus test

MedGen UID:
1052469
•Concept ID:
CN377061
•
Finding
Synonym: Positive KOH test for fungi
 
HPO: HP:0430118

Definition

A test for fungus, e.g., fungal hyphae, in a skin specimen (usually a skin scraping), demonstrates the presence of fungi. Most commonly, a skin scraping is obtained using a small scalpel blade, the specimen is placed on a clean glass slide, a drop of potassium hydroxide (KOH) is added, and the specimen is examined microscopically for fungal structures such as hyphae or yeast. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPositive skin fungus test

Professional guidelines

PubMed

A Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2018 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology.
Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, Carroll KC, Chapin KC, Gilligan PH, Gonzalez MD, Jerris RC, Kehl SC, Patel R, Pritt BS, Richter SS, Robinson-Dunn B, Schwartzman JD, Snyder JW, Telford S 3rd, Theel ES, Thomson RB Jr, Weinstein MP, Yao JD
Clin Infect Dis 2018 Aug 31;67(6):e1-e94. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy381. PMID: 29955859Free PMC Article
Leprosy. An update: definition, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, and treatment.
Eichelmann K, González González SE, Salas-Alanis JC, Ocampo-Candiani J
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Sep;104(7):554-63. Epub 2013 Jul 17 doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.03.028. PMID: 23870850
A guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2013 recommendations by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM)(a).
Baron EJ, Miller JM, Weinstein MP, Richter SS, Gilligan PH, Thomson RB Jr, Bourbeau P, Carroll KC, Kehl SC, Dunne WM, Robinson-Dunn B, Schwartzman JD, Chapin KC, Snyder JW, Forbes BA, Patel R, Rosenblatt JE, Pritt BS
Clin Infect Dis 2013 Aug;57(4):e22-e121. Epub 2013 Jul 10 doi: 10.1093/cid/cit278. PMID: 23845951Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Sustained outcomes in oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy (POISED study): a large, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study.
Chinthrajah RS, Purington N, Andorf S, Long A, O'Laughlin KL, Lyu SC, Manohar M, Boyd SD, Tibshirani R, Maecker H, Plaut M, Mukai K, Tsai M, Desai M, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC
Lancet 2019 Oct 19;394(10207):1437-1449. Epub 2019 Sep 12 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31793-3. PMID: 31522849Free PMC Article
Anti-IgE treatment with oral immunotherapy in multifood allergic participants: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.
Andorf S, Purington N, Block WM, Long AJ, Tupa D, Brittain E, Rudman Spergel A, Desai M, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC, Chinthrajah RS
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Feb;3(2):85-94. Epub 2017 Dec 12 doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30392-8. PMID: 29242014Free PMC Article
Fungal rhinosinusitis.
Netkovski J, Shirgoska B
Prilozi 2012;33(1):187-97. PMID: 22952104
Preventing surgical-site infections in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus.
Bode LG, Kluytmans JA, Wertheim HF, Bogaers D, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Roosendaal R, Troelstra A, Box AT, Voss A, van der Tweel I, van Belkum A, Verbrugh HA, Vos MC
N Engl J Med 2010 Jan 7;362(1):9-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808939. PMID: 20054045
Dermatophytid--a misdiagnosed entity?
Kaaman T, Torssander J
Acta Derm Venereol 1983;63(5):404-8. PMID: 6197839

Diagnosis

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
Patel G, Greenberger PA
Allergy Asthma Proc 2019 Nov 1;40(6):421-424. doi: 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4262. PMID: 31690385
Sustained outcomes in oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy (POISED study): a large, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study.
Chinthrajah RS, Purington N, Andorf S, Long A, O'Laughlin KL, Lyu SC, Manohar M, Boyd SD, Tibshirani R, Maecker H, Plaut M, Mukai K, Tsai M, Desai M, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC
Lancet 2019 Oct 19;394(10207):1437-1449. Epub 2019 Sep 12 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31793-3. PMID: 31522849Free PMC Article
Leprosy. An update: definition, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, and treatment.
Eichelmann K, González González SE, Salas-Alanis JC, Ocampo-Candiani J
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Sep;104(7):554-63. Epub 2013 Jul 17 doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.03.028. PMID: 23870850
Blastomycosis.
Smith JA, Kauffman CA
Proc Am Thorac Soc 2010 May;7(3):173-80. doi: 10.1513/pats.200906-040AL. PMID: 20463245
Dermatophytid--a misdiagnosed entity?
Kaaman T, Torssander J
Acta Derm Venereol 1983;63(5):404-8. PMID: 6197839

Therapy

Sustained outcomes in oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy (POISED study): a large, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study.
Chinthrajah RS, Purington N, Andorf S, Long A, O'Laughlin KL, Lyu SC, Manohar M, Boyd SD, Tibshirani R, Maecker H, Plaut M, Mukai K, Tsai M, Desai M, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC
Lancet 2019 Oct 19;394(10207):1437-1449. Epub 2019 Sep 12 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31793-3. PMID: 31522849Free PMC Article
Anti-IgE treatment with oral immunotherapy in multifood allergic participants: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.
Andorf S, Purington N, Block WM, Long AJ, Tupa D, Brittain E, Rudman Spergel A, Desai M, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC, Chinthrajah RS
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Feb;3(2):85-94. Epub 2017 Dec 12 doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30392-8. PMID: 29242014Free PMC Article
Leprosy. An update: definition, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, and treatment.
Eichelmann K, González González SE, Salas-Alanis JC, Ocampo-Candiani J
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Sep;104(7):554-63. Epub 2013 Jul 17 doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.03.028. PMID: 23870850
Blastomycosis.
Smith JA, Kauffman CA
Proc Am Thorac Soc 2010 May;7(3):173-80. doi: 10.1513/pats.200906-040AL. PMID: 20463245
Preventing surgical-site infections in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus.
Bode LG, Kluytmans JA, Wertheim HF, Bogaers D, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Roosendaal R, Troelstra A, Box AT, Voss A, van der Tweel I, van Belkum A, Verbrugh HA, Vos MC
N Engl J Med 2010 Jan 7;362(1):9-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808939. PMID: 20054045

Prognosis

Interferon-γ release assays or tuberculin skin test for detection and management of latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zhou G, Luo Q, Luo S, Teng Z, Ji Z, Yang J, Wang F, Wen S, Ding Z, Li L, Chen T, Abi ME, Jian M, Luo L, Liu A, Bao F
Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Dec;20(12):1457-1469. Epub 2020 Jul 13 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30276-0. PMID: 32673595
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
Patel G, Greenberger PA
Allergy Asthma Proc 2019 Nov 1;40(6):421-424. doi: 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4262. PMID: 31690385
Detecting latent tuberculosis in compromised patients.
Sauzullo I, Vullo V, Mastroianni CM
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2015 Jun;28(3):275-82. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000158. PMID: 25887610
Leprosy. An update: definition, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, and treatment.
Eichelmann K, González González SE, Salas-Alanis JC, Ocampo-Candiani J
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Sep;104(7):554-63. Epub 2013 Jul 17 doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.03.028. PMID: 23870850
Preventing surgical-site infections in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus.
Bode LG, Kluytmans JA, Wertheim HF, Bogaers D, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Roosendaal R, Troelstra A, Box AT, Voss A, van der Tweel I, van Belkum A, Verbrugh HA, Vos MC
N Engl J Med 2010 Jan 7;362(1):9-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808939. PMID: 20054045

Clinical prediction guides

Interferon-γ release assays or tuberculin skin test for detection and management of latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zhou G, Luo Q, Luo S, Teng Z, Ji Z, Yang J, Wang F, Wen S, Ding Z, Li L, Chen T, Abi ME, Jian M, Luo L, Liu A, Bao F
Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Dec;20(12):1457-1469. Epub 2020 Jul 13 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30276-0. PMID: 32673595
Sweat allergy.
Takahagi S, Tanaka A, Hide M
Allergol Int 2018 Oct;67(4):435-441. Epub 2018 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.07.002. PMID: 30075993
Borderline QuantiFERON results and the distinction between specific responses and test variability.
Uzorka JW, Bossink AWJ, Franken WPJ, Thijsen SFT, Leyten EMS, van Haeften AC, Doornenbal G, Boonstra P, Ottenhoff THM, Arend SM
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018 Jul;111:102-108. Epub 2018 Jun 7 doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.06.002. PMID: 30029893
Latent tuberculosis infection--Revisiting and revising concepts.
Salgame P, Geadas C, Collins L, Jones-López E, Ellner JJ
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015 Jul;95(4):373-84. Epub 2015 May 15 doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.04.003. PMID: 26038289
Mold and Alternaria skin test reactivity and asthma in children in Connecticut.
Lyons TW, Wakefield DB, Cloutier MM
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011 Apr;106(4):301-7. Epub 2011 Jan 13 doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.12.009. PMID: 21457878Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Infant BCG vaccination and risk of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis throughout the life course: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.
Martinez L, Cords O, Liu Q, Acuna-Villaorduna C, Bonnet M, Fox GJ, Carvalho ACC, Chan PC, Croda J, Hill PC, Lopez-Varela E, Donkor S, Fielding K, Graham SM, Espinal MA, Kampmann B, Reingold A, Huerga H, Villalba JA, Grandjean L, Sotgiu G, Egere U, Singh S, Zhu L, Lienhardt C, Denholm JT, Seddon JA, Whalen CC, García-Basteiro AL, Triasih R, Chen C, Singh J, Huang LM, Sharma S, Hannoun D, Del Corral H, Mandalakas AM, Malone LL, Ling DL, Kritski A, Stein CM, Vashishtha R, Boulahbal F, Fang CT, Boom WH, Netto EM, Lemos AC, Hesseling AC, Kay A, Jones-López EC, Horsburgh CR, Lange C, Andrews JR
Lancet Glob Health 2022 Sep;10(9):e1307-e1316. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00283-2. PMID: 35961354Free PMC Article
Interferon-γ release assays or tuberculin skin test for detection and management of latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zhou G, Luo Q, Luo S, Teng Z, Ji Z, Yang J, Wang F, Wen S, Ding Z, Li L, Chen T, Abi ME, Jian M, Luo L, Liu A, Bao F
Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Dec;20(12):1457-1469. Epub 2020 Jul 13 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30276-0. PMID: 32673595
Dietary factors during pregnancy and atopic outcomes in childhood: A systematic review from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
Venter C, Agostoni C, Arshad SH, Ben-Abdallah M, Du Toit G, Fleischer DM, Greenhawt M, Glueck DH, Groetch M, Lunjani N, Maslin K, Maiorella A, Meyer R, Antonella M, Netting MJ, Ibeabughichi Nwaru B, Palmer DJ, Palumbo MP, Roberts G, Roduit C, Smith P, Untersmayr E, Vanderlinden LA, O'Mahony L
Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020 Nov;31(8):889-912. Epub 2020 Aug 6 doi: 10.1111/pai.13303. PMID: 32524677Free PMC Article
Evidence-based diagnostics: adult septic arthritis.
Carpenter CR, Schuur JD, Everett WW, Pines JM
Acad Emerg Med 2011 Aug;18(8):781-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01121.x. PMID: 21843213Free PMC Article
Interferon-gamma release assays and childhood tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Mandalakas AM, Detjen AK, Hesseling AC, Benedetti A, Menzies D
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011 Aug;15(8):1018-32. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0631. PMID: 21669030

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