U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Hand-foot syndrome

MedGen UID:
107497
•Concept ID:
C0549410
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Acral Erythema, Chemotherapy-Induced; Acral Erythemas, Chemotherapy-Induced; Chemotherapy Induced Acral Erythema; Chemotherapy Induced Palmoplantar Erythrodysesthesia; Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema; Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythemas; Chemotherapy-Induced Palmoplantar Erythrodysesthesia; Chemotherapy-Induced Palmoplantar Erythrodysesthesias; Hand Foot Syndrome; Hand-Foot Syndrome; Hand-Foot Syndromes; Palmoplantar Erythrodysesthesia, Chemotherapy-Induced; Palmoplantar Erythrodysesthesias, Chemotherapy-Induced; Syndrome, Hand-Foot; Syndromes, Hand-Foot
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0700048

Definition

A condition characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and tingling in the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet. It may appear as a side effect to chemotherapy agents. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHand-foot syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Prophylactic strategies for hand-foot syndrome/skin reaction associated with systemic cancer treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Pandy JGP, Franco PIG, Li RK
Support Care Cancer 2022 Nov;30(11):8655-8666. Epub 2022 Jun 2 doi: 10.1007/s00520-022-07175-3. PMID: 35655045
Prevention and management of dermatological toxicities related to anticancer agents: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines(☆).
Lacouture ME, Sibaud V, Gerber PA, van den Hurk C, Fernández-Peñas P, Santini D, Jahn F, Jordan K; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: [email protected]
Ann Oncol 2021 Feb;32(2):157-170. Epub 2020 Nov 25 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.11.005. PMID: 33248228
Chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and nail changes: a review of clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, and management.
Miller KK, Gorcey L, McLellan BN
J Am Acad Dermatol 2014 Oct;71(4):787-94. Epub 2014 May 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.019. PMID: 24795111

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Topical Diclofenac for Prevention of Capecitabine-Associated Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
Santhosh A, Sharma A, Bakhshi S, Kumar A, Sharma V, Malik PS, Pramanik R, Gogia A, Prasad CP, Sehgal T, Gund S, Dev A, Cheung WY, Pandey RM, Kumar S, Gupta I, Batra A; D-TORCH Trial Investigators
J Clin Oncol 2024 May 20;42(15):1821-1829. Epub 2024 Feb 27 doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01730. PMID: 38412399
Hand-foot syndrome induced by chemotherapy drug: Case series study and literature review.
Zaiem A, Hammamia SB, Aouinti I, Charfi O, Ladhari W, Kastalli S, Aidli SE, Lakhoua G
Indian J Pharmacol 2022 May-Jun;54(3):208-215. doi: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_175_21. PMID: 35848692Free PMC Article
Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of topical diclofenac in the prevention of hand-foot syndrome in patients receiving capecitabine (the D-TORCH study).
Santhosh A, Kumar A, Pramanik R, Gogia A, Prasad CP, Gupta I, Gupta N, Cheung WY, Pandey RM, Sharma A, Batra A
Trials 2022 May 19;23(1):420. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06353-2. PMID: 35590388Free PMC Article
Adjuvant Capecitabine for Breast Cancer after Preoperative Chemotherapy.
Masuda N, Lee SJ, Ohtani S, Im YH, Lee ES, Yokota I, Kuroi K, Im SA, Park BW, Kim SB, Yanagita Y, Ohno S, Takao S, Aogi K, Iwata H, Jeong J, Kim A, Park KH, Sasano H, Ohashi Y, Toi M
N Engl J Med 2017 Jun 1;376(22):2147-2159. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1612645. PMID: 28564564
Chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and nail changes: a review of clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, and management.
Miller KK, Gorcey L, McLellan BN
J Am Acad Dermatol 2014 Oct;71(4):787-94. Epub 2014 May 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.019. PMID: 24795111

Diagnosis

Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of topical diclofenac in the prevention of hand-foot syndrome in patients receiving capecitabine (the D-TORCH study).
Santhosh A, Kumar A, Pramanik R, Gogia A, Prasad CP, Gupta I, Gupta N, Cheung WY, Pandey RM, Sharma A, Batra A
Trials 2022 May 19;23(1):420. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06353-2. PMID: 35590388Free PMC Article
Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study.
Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, Malik HZ, Prasad R, Mirza D, Anthony A, Corrie P, Falk S, Finch-Jones M, Wasan H, Ross P, Wall L, Wadsley J, Evans JTR, Stocken D, Praseedom R, Ma YT, Davidson B, Neoptolemos JP, Iveson T, Raftery J, Zhu S, Cunningham D, Garden OJ, Stubbs C, Valle JW, Bridgewater J; BILCAP study group
Lancet Oncol 2019 May;20(5):663-673. Epub 2019 Mar 25 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30915-X. PMID: 30922733
Drug-Induced Itch Management.
Ebata T
Curr Probl Dermatol 2016;50:155-63. Epub 2016 Aug 23 doi: 10.1159/000446084. PMID: 27578085
SWOG S0809: A Phase II Intergroup Trial of Adjuvant Capecitabine and Gemcitabine Followed by Radiotherapy and Concurrent Capecitabine in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Carcinoma.
Ben-Josef E, Guthrie KA, El-Khoueiry AB, Corless CL, Zalupski MM, Lowy AM, Thomas CR Jr, Alberts SR, Dawson LA, Micetich KC, Thomas MB, Siegel AB, Blanke CD
J Clin Oncol 2015 Aug 20;33(24):2617-22. Epub 2015 May 11 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.60.2219. PMID: 25964250Free PMC Article
Capecitabine and hand-foot syndrome.
Saif MW
Expert Opin Drug Saf 2011 Mar;10(2):159-69. Epub 2010 Dec 22 doi: 10.1517/14740338.2011.546342. PMID: 21174613

Therapy

Topical Diclofenac for Prevention of Capecitabine-Associated Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
Santhosh A, Sharma A, Bakhshi S, Kumar A, Sharma V, Malik PS, Pramanik R, Gogia A, Prasad CP, Sehgal T, Gund S, Dev A, Cheung WY, Pandey RM, Kumar S, Gupta I, Batra A; D-TORCH Trial Investigators
J Clin Oncol 2024 May 20;42(15):1821-1829. Epub 2024 Feb 27 doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01730. PMID: 38412399
Prophylactic strategies for hand-foot syndrome/skin reaction associated with systemic cancer treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Pandy JGP, Franco PIG, Li RK
Support Care Cancer 2022 Nov;30(11):8655-8666. Epub 2022 Jun 2 doi: 10.1007/s00520-022-07175-3. PMID: 35655045
Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of topical diclofenac in the prevention of hand-foot syndrome in patients receiving capecitabine (the D-TORCH study).
Santhosh A, Kumar A, Pramanik R, Gogia A, Prasad CP, Gupta I, Gupta N, Cheung WY, Pandey RM, Sharma A, Batra A
Trials 2022 May 19;23(1):420. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06353-2. PMID: 35590388Free PMC Article
Adjuvant Capecitabine for Breast Cancer after Preoperative Chemotherapy.
Masuda N, Lee SJ, Ohtani S, Im YH, Lee ES, Yokota I, Kuroi K, Im SA, Park BW, Kim SB, Yanagita Y, Ohno S, Takao S, Aogi K, Iwata H, Jeong J, Kim A, Park KH, Sasano H, Ohashi Y, Toi M
N Engl J Med 2017 Jun 1;376(22):2147-2159. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1612645. PMID: 28564564
Chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and nail changes: a review of clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, and management.
Miller KK, Gorcey L, McLellan BN
J Am Acad Dermatol 2014 Oct;71(4):787-94. Epub 2014 May 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.019. PMID: 24795111

Prognosis

Hand-foot syndrome induced by chemotherapy drug: Case series study and literature review.
Zaiem A, Hammamia SB, Aouinti I, Charfi O, Ladhari W, Kastalli S, Aidli SE, Lakhoua G
Indian J Pharmacol 2022 May-Jun;54(3):208-215. doi: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_175_21. PMID: 35848692Free PMC Article
Effect of Capecitabine Maintenance Therapy Using Lower Dosage and Higher Frequency vs Observation on Disease-Free Survival Among Patients With Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Who Had Received Standard Treatment: The SYSUCC-001 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Wang X, Wang SS, Huang H, Cai L, Zhao L, Peng RJ, Lin Y, Tang J, Zeng J, Zhang LH, Ke YL, Wang XM, Liu XM, Chen QJ, Zhang AQ, Xu F, Bi XW, Huang JJ, Li JB, Pang DM, Xue C, Shi YX, He ZY, Lin HX, An X, Xia W, Cao Y, Guo Y, Su YH, Hua X, Wang XY, Hong RX, Jiang KK, Song CG, Huang ZZ, Shi W, Zhong YY, Yuan ZY; South China Breast Cancer Group (SCBCG)
JAMA 2021 Jan 5;325(1):50-58. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.23370. PMID: 33300950Free PMC Article
Adjuvant Capecitabine for Breast Cancer after Preoperative Chemotherapy.
Masuda N, Lee SJ, Ohtani S, Im YH, Lee ES, Yokota I, Kuroi K, Im SA, Park BW, Kim SB, Yanagita Y, Ohno S, Takao S, Aogi K, Iwata H, Jeong J, Kim A, Park KH, Sasano H, Ohashi Y, Toi M
N Engl J Med 2017 Jun 1;376(22):2147-2159. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1612645. PMID: 28564564
SWOG S0809: A Phase II Intergroup Trial of Adjuvant Capecitabine and Gemcitabine Followed by Radiotherapy and Concurrent Capecitabine in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Carcinoma.
Ben-Josef E, Guthrie KA, El-Khoueiry AB, Corless CL, Zalupski MM, Lowy AM, Thomas CR Jr, Alberts SR, Dawson LA, Micetich KC, Thomas MB, Siegel AB, Blanke CD
J Clin Oncol 2015 Aug 20;33(24):2617-22. Epub 2015 May 11 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.60.2219. PMID: 25964250Free PMC Article
Chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and nail changes: a review of clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, and management.
Miller KK, Gorcey L, McLellan BN
J Am Acad Dermatol 2014 Oct;71(4):787-94. Epub 2014 May 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.019. PMID: 24795111

Clinical prediction guides

Topical Diclofenac for Prevention of Capecitabine-Associated Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
Santhosh A, Sharma A, Bakhshi S, Kumar A, Sharma V, Malik PS, Pramanik R, Gogia A, Prasad CP, Sehgal T, Gund S, Dev A, Cheung WY, Pandey RM, Kumar S, Gupta I, Batra A; D-TORCH Trial Investigators
J Clin Oncol 2024 May 20;42(15):1821-1829. Epub 2024 Feb 27 doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01730. PMID: 38412399
Metronomic capecitabine as adjuvant therapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.
Chen YP, Liu X, Zhou Q, Yang KY, Jin F, Zhu XD, Shi M, Hu GQ, Hu WH, Sun Y, Wu HF, Wu H, Lin Q, Wang H, Tian Y, Zhang N, Wang XC, Shen LF, Liu ZZ, Huang J, Luo XL, Li L, Zang J, Mei Q, Zheng BM, Yue D, Xu J, Wu SG, Shi YX, Mao YP, Chen L, Li WF, Zhou GQ, Sun R, Guo R, Zhang Y, Xu C, Lv JW, Guo Y, Feng HX, Tang LL, Xie FY, Sun Y, Ma J
Lancet 2021 Jul 24;398(10297):303-313. Epub 2021 Jun 7 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01123-5. PMID: 34111416
Effect of Capecitabine Maintenance Therapy Using Lower Dosage and Higher Frequency vs Observation on Disease-Free Survival Among Patients With Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Who Had Received Standard Treatment: The SYSUCC-001 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Wang X, Wang SS, Huang H, Cai L, Zhao L, Peng RJ, Lin Y, Tang J, Zeng J, Zhang LH, Ke YL, Wang XM, Liu XM, Chen QJ, Zhang AQ, Xu F, Bi XW, Huang JJ, Li JB, Pang DM, Xue C, Shi YX, He ZY, Lin HX, An X, Xia W, Cao Y, Guo Y, Su YH, Hua X, Wang XY, Hong RX, Jiang KK, Song CG, Huang ZZ, Shi W, Zhong YY, Yuan ZY; South China Breast Cancer Group (SCBCG)
JAMA 2021 Jan 5;325(1):50-58. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.23370. PMID: 33300950Free PMC Article
The safety of apatinib for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Geng R, Song L, Li J, Zhao L
Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018 Nov;17(11):1145-1150. Epub 2018 Oct 24 doi: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1535592. PMID: 30324820
Hand-foot syndrome following decitabine.
Ali AM, Jacoby M, Welch JS
Ann Hematol 2016 Feb;95(3):535-6. Epub 2015 Nov 6 doi: 10.1007/s00277-015-2546-1. PMID: 26542147Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Topical interventions for preventing hand-foot syndrome resulting from antineoplastic therapy: A scoping review.
Gialaim Purcino Dos Reis FC, Menêses AG, Mazoni SR, Pereira Silveira RCC, Diniz Dos Reis PE, Vasques CI
Rev Esc Enferm USP 2023;57:e20220107. Epub 2023 Nov 10 doi: 10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2023-0107en. PMID: 37947365Free PMC Article
Association of Apatinib and Breast Cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wang H, Su W, Lowe S, Zhou Z, Bentley R, Zhou Q, Cheng C, Guo X, Song Q, Liang Q, Li N, Liang M, Zhu Y, Sun C
Surg Oncol 2022 Sep;44:101818. Epub 2022 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101818. PMID: 35930900
Herbal medicine for hand-foot syndrome induced by fluoropyrimidines: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Deng B, Sun W
Phytother Res 2018 Jul;32(7):1211-1228. Epub 2018 Apr 16 doi: 10.1002/ptr.6068. PMID: 29682836
Prevention strategies for chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective randomised trials.
Macedo LT, Lima JP, dos Santos LV, Sasse AD
Support Care Cancer 2014 Jun;22(6):1585-93. Epub 2014 Jan 26 doi: 10.1007/s00520-014-2129-z. PMID: 24463616
Pyridoxine for prevention of hand-foot syndrome caused by chemotherapy: a systematic review.
Chen M, Zhang L, Wang Q, Shen J
PLoS One 2013;8(8):e72245. Epub 2013 Aug 20 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072245. PMID: 23977264Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...