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Mpox

MedGen UID:
124442
•Concept ID:
C0276180
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Monkeypox; Monkeypox virus infection
SNOMED CT: Monkey pox (359814004); Monkeypox (359814004); Mpox (359814004)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0002594

Definition

An infection that is caused by an Orthopoxvirus, which is transmitted by primates or rodents, and which is characterized by a prodromal syndrome of fever, chills, headache, myalgia, and lymphedema; initial symptoms are followed by a generalized papular rash that typically progresses from vesiculation through crusting over the course of two weeks. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMpox

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment and Vaccination for Smallpox and Monkeypox.
Saalbach KP
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1451:301-316. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_19. PMID: 38801586
Mpox (formerly monkeypox): pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.
Lu J, Xing H, Wang C, Tang M, Wu C, Ye F, Yin L, Yang Y, Tan W, Shen L
Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023 Dec 27;8(1):458. doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01675-2. PMID: 38148355Free PMC Article
Mpox Pain Management and Topical Agents.
Daungsupawong H, Wiwanitkit V
J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2023 Dec;37(4):270-271. Epub 2023 Nov 28 doi: 10.1080/15360288.2023.2276930. PMID: 38015203

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Mpox and stigma.
Bull World Health Organ 2024 Dec 1;102(12):848-849. doi: 10.2471/BLT.24.021224. PMID: 39619837Free PMC Article
Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) Infection: A Review.
Kumari R, Arya P, Yadav SP, Mishra RC, Yadav JP
Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024;24(4):76-82. doi: 10.2174/0118715265258451231214063506. PMID: 38243966
Update on Mpox.
Walter K, Malani PN
JAMA 2023 Jun 6;329(21):1892. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.9142. PMID: 37213123
Monkeypox.
Mitjà O, Ogoina D, Titanji BK, Galvan C, Muyembe JJ, Marks M, Orkin CM
Lancet 2023 Jan 7;401(10370):60-74. Epub 2022 Nov 17 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02075-X. PMID: 36403582Free PMC Article
Human Monkeypox: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Prevention.
Petersen E, Kantele A, Koopmans M, Asogun D, Yinka-Ogunleye A, Ihekweazu C, Zumla A
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2019 Dec;33(4):1027-1043. Epub 2019 Apr 11 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.03.001. PMID: 30981594Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Monkeypox (mpox) virus: Classification, origin, transmission, genome organization, antiviral drugs, and molecular diagnosis.
Karagoz A, Tombuloglu H, Alsaeed M, Tombuloglu G, AlRubaish AA, Mahmoud A, Smajlović S, Ćordić S, Rabaan AA, Alsuhaimi E
J Infect Public Health 2023 Apr;16(4):531-541. Epub 2023 Feb 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.003. PMID: 36801633Free PMC Article
Mpox diagnostics: Review of current and emerging technologies.
Lim CK, Roberts J, Moso M, Liew KC, Taouk ML, Williams E, Tran T, Steinig E, Caly L, Williamson DA
J Med Virol 2023 Jan;95(1):e28429. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28429. PMID: 36571266Free PMC Article
Human monkeypox infection.
Daunt A, O'Hara G
Clin Med (Lond) 2022 Sep;22(5):387-391. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2022-cme-mpox. PMID: 36507804Free PMC Article
Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention.
Huang Y, Mu L, Wang W
Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022 Nov 2;7(1):373. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01215-4. PMID: 36319633Free PMC Article
Human Monkeypox: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Prevention.
Petersen E, Kantele A, Koopmans M, Asogun D, Yinka-Ogunleye A, Ihekweazu C, Zumla A
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2019 Dec;33(4):1027-1043. Epub 2019 Apr 11 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.03.001. PMID: 30981594Free PMC Article

Therapy

Vaccine Development.
Hammershaimb EAD, Campbell JD
Pediatr Clin North Am 2024 Jun;71(3):529-549. Epub 2024 Mar 12 doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2024.01.018. PMID: 38754940
Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) Infection: A Review.
Kumari R, Arya P, Yadav SP, Mishra RC, Yadav JP
Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024;24(4):76-82. doi: 10.2174/0118715265258451231214063506. PMID: 38243966
Mpox (formerly monkeypox): pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.
Lu J, Xing H, Wang C, Tang M, Wu C, Ye F, Yin L, Yang Y, Tan W, Shen L
Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023 Dec 27;8(1):458. doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01675-2. PMID: 38148355Free PMC Article
Monkeypox (mpox) virus: Classification, origin, transmission, genome organization, antiviral drugs, and molecular diagnosis.
Karagoz A, Tombuloglu H, Alsaeed M, Tombuloglu G, AlRubaish AA, Mahmoud A, Smajlović S, Ćordić S, Rabaan AA, Alsuhaimi E
J Infect Public Health 2023 Apr;16(4):531-541. Epub 2023 Feb 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.003. PMID: 36801633Free PMC Article
Comprehensive literature review of monkeypox.
Hatmal MM, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Olaimat AN, Ahmad S, Hasan H, Ahmad Suhaimi NA, Albakri KA, Abedalbaset Alzyoud A, Kadir R, Mohamud R
Emerg Microbes Infect 2022 Dec;11(1):2600-2631. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2132882. PMID: 36263798Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Understanding the biology of monkeypox virus to prevent future outbreaks.
Moss B
Nat Microbiol 2024 Jun;9(6):1408-1416. Epub 2024 May 9 doi: 10.1038/s41564-024-01690-1. PMID: 38724757
HIV and mpox: Evaluation of clinical course and outcomes from an international dermatologic registry.
Strahan AG, Casas CG, Prasad S, Fuller LC, Peebles K, Carugno A, Leslie KS, Harp JL, Pumnea T, McMahon DE, Rosenbach M, Lubov JE, Chen G, Pacheco AM, Fox LP, McMillen A, Lim HW, Stratigos AJ, Cronin TA, Kaufmann MD, Hruza GJ, French LE, Freeman EE
J Am Acad Dermatol 2024 May;90(5):1011-1013. Epub 2023 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.032. PMID: 38157988
Tecovirimat Resistance in Mpox Patients, United States, 2022-2023.
Smith TG, Gigante CM, Wynn NT, Matheny A, Davidson W, Yang Y, Condori RE, O'Connell K, Kovar L, Williams TL, Yu YC, Petersen BW, Baird N, Lowe D, Li Y, Satheshkumar PS, Hutson CL
Emerg Infect Dis 2023 Dec;29(12):2426-2432. Epub 2023 Oct 19 doi: 10.3201/eid2912.231146. PMID: 37856204Free PMC Article
Defining antigen targets to dissect vaccinia virus and monkeypox virus-specific T cell responses in humans.
Grifoni A, Zhang Y, Tarke A, Sidney J, Rubiro P, Reina-Campos M, Filaci G, Dan JM, Scheuermann RH, Sette A
Cell Host Microbe 2022 Dec 14;30(12):1662-1670.e4. Epub 2022 Dec 3 doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.11.003. PMID: 36463861Free PMC Article
Human monkeypox disease.
Srivastava G, Srivastava G
Clin Dermatol 2022 Sep-Oct;40(5):604-612. Epub 2022 Aug 10 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2022.08.009. PMID: 35963500Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Understanding the biology of monkeypox virus to prevent future outbreaks.
Moss B
Nat Microbiol 2024 Jun;9(6):1408-1416. Epub 2024 May 9 doi: 10.1038/s41564-024-01690-1. PMID: 38724757
Monkeypox (mpox) virus: Classification, origin, transmission, genome organization, antiviral drugs, and molecular diagnosis.
Karagoz A, Tombuloglu H, Alsaeed M, Tombuloglu G, AlRubaish AA, Mahmoud A, Smajlović S, Ćordić S, Rabaan AA, Alsuhaimi E
J Infect Public Health 2023 Apr;16(4):531-541. Epub 2023 Feb 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.003. PMID: 36801633Free PMC Article
Monkeypox virus: A review.
Letafati A, Sakhavarz T
Microb Pathog 2023 Mar;176:106027. Epub 2023 Feb 8 doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106027. PMID: 36758824Free PMC Article
Genomic annotation and molecular evolution of monkeypox virus outbreak in 2022.
Wang L, Shang J, Weng S, Aliyari SR, Ji C, Cheng G, Wu A
J Med Virol 2023 Jan;95(1):e28036. Epub 2022 Aug 6 doi: 10.1002/jmv.28036. PMID: 35906185Free PMC Article
Monkeypox and pregnancy.
Carvajal A, Vigil-De Gracia P
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022 Nov;4(6):100746. Epub 2022 Sep 6 doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100746. PMID: 36084787Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Vaccine effectiveness of 3rd generation mpox vaccines against mpox and disease severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Pischel L, Martini BA, Yu N, Cacesse D, Tracy M, Kharbanda K, Ahmed N, Patel KM, Grimshaw AA, Malik AA, Goshua G, Omer SB
Vaccine 2024 Nov 14;42(25):126053. Epub 2024 Jun 21 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.021. PMID: 38906763
Predicting vaccine effectiveness for mpox.
Berry MT, Khan SR, Schlub TE, Notaras A, Kunasekaran M, Grulich AE, MacIntyre CR, Davenport MP, Khoury DS
Nat Commun 2024 May 8;15(1):3856. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48180-w. PMID: 38719852Free PMC Article
Paediatric, maternal, and congenital mpox: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sanchez Clemente N, Coles C, Paixao ES, Brickley EB, Whittaker E, Alfven T, Rulisa S, Agudelo Higuita N, Torpiano P, Agravat P, Thorley EV, Drysdale SB, Le Doare K, Muyembe Tamfum JJ
Lancet Glob Health 2024 Apr;12(4):e572-e588. Epub 2024 Feb 21 doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00607-1. PMID: 38401556Free PMC Article
Mpox vaccination and treatment: a systematic review.
Eslami A, Alimoghadam S, Khoshravesh S, Shirani M, Alimoghadam R, Alavi Darazam I
J Chemother 2024 Apr;36(2):85-109. Epub 2023 Dec 9 doi: 10.1080/1120009X.2023.2289270. PMID: 38069596
The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review.
Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, Lienert F, Weidenthaler H, Baer LR, Steffen R
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 Feb;16(2):e0010141. Epub 2022 Feb 11 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141. PMID: 35148313Free PMC Article

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