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Congenital myasthenic syndrome(CMS)

MedGen UID:
155650
Concept ID:
C0751882
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: CMS; Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes
SNOMED CT: Congenital myasthenia (230672006); Congenital myasthenic syndrome (230672006); Congenital myasthenia syndrome (230672006)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Genes (locations): MYO9A (15q23); SLC25A1 (22q11.21); SLC5A7 (2q12.3)
Related genes: DOK7, COLQ, SCN4A, GFPT1, CHRNE, CHRNA1, CHAT
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0018940
OMIM® Phenotypic series: PS601462
Orphanet: ORPHA590

Definition

Some individuals have episodes of breathing problems that may be triggered by fevers or infection. Severely affected individuals may also experience short pauses in breathing (apnea) that can lead to a bluish appearance of the skin or lips (cyanosis).

Congenital myasthenic syndrome is a group of conditions characterized by muscle weakness (myasthenia) that worsens with physical exertion. The muscle weakness typically begins in early childhood but can also appear in adolescence or adulthood. Facial muscles, including muscles that control the eyelids, muscles that move the eyes, and muscles used for chewing and swallowing, are most commonly affected. However, any of the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles) can be affected in this condition. Due to muscle weakness, affected infants may have feeding difficulties. Development of motor skills such as crawling or walking may be delayed. The severity of the myasthenia varies greatly, with some people experiencing minor weakness and others having such severe weakness that they are unable to walk. [from MedlinePlus Genetics]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Dejthevaporn C, Wetchaphanphesat S, Pulkes T, Rattanasiri S, Engel AG, Witoonpanich R
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Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Lorenzoni PJ, Ducci RD, Arndt RC, Hrysay NMC, Fustes OJH, Töpf A, Lochmüller H, Werneck LC, Kay CSK, Scola RH
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2022 Jan;80(1):69-74. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2020-0575. PMID: 34932651Free PMC Article
Iyadurai SJP
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Hantaï D, Richard P, Koenig J, Eymard B
Curr Opin Neurol 2004 Oct;17(5):539-51. doi: 10.1097/00019052-200410000-00004. PMID: 15367858

Diagnosis

Ramdas S, Beeson D, Dong YY
Curr Opin Neurol 2024 Oct 1;37(5):493-501. Epub 2024 Jul 25 doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001300. PMID: 39051439Free PMC Article
Rathore G, Kang PB
Pediatr Neurol 2023 Dec;149:1-14. Epub 2023 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.034. PMID: 37757659
Tayade K, Salunkhe M, Agarwal A, Radhakrishnan DM, Srivastava AK
QJM 2022 May 10;115(5):323-324. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac017. PMID: 35092298
Iyadurai SJP
Neurol Clin 2020 Aug;38(3):541-552. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.03.004. PMID: 32703467
Statland J, Phillips L, Trivedi JR
Neurol Clin 2014 Aug;32(3):801-15, x. Epub 2014 May 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2014.04.002. PMID: 25037091

Therapy

Miyana K, Ishiyama A, Saito Y, Nishino I
Pediatr Int 2022 Jan;64(1):e15115. doi: 10.1111/ped.15115. PMID: 35396808
Tayade K, Salunkhe M, Agarwal A, Radhakrishnan DM, Srivastava AK
QJM 2022 May 10;115(5):323-324. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac017. PMID: 35092298
Singh S, Govindarajan R
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020 Dec;199:106277. Epub 2020 Oct 2 doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106277. PMID: 33059315
Gonzalez Garcia A, Tutmaher MS, Upadhyayula SR, Sanchez Russo R, Verma S
Muscle Nerve 2019 Dec;60(6):E40-E43. Epub 2019 Oct 23 doi: 10.1002/mus.26703. PMID: 31509265
Elahi B, Laughlin RS, Litchy WJ, Milone M, Liewluck T
Muscle Nerve 2019 Apr;59(4):475-478. Epub 2019 Jan 6 doi: 10.1002/mus.26393. PMID: 30536954

Prognosis

Smeets N, Gheldof A, Dequeker B, Poleur M, Maldonado Slootjes S, Van Parijs V, Deconinck N, Dontaine P, Alonso-Jimenez A, De Bleecker J, De Ridder W, Herdewyn S, Paquay S, Vanlander A, De Waele L, Peirens G, Beysen D, Claeys KG, Dubuisson N, Hansen I, Remiche G, Seneca S, Bissay V, Régal L
Pediatr Neurol 2024 Sep;158:57-65. Epub 2024 Jun 11 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.06.002. PMID: 38964204
Maselli RA, Arredondo J, Vázquez J, Chong JX, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Lara M, Ng F, Lo VL, Pytel P, McDonald CM
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018 Feb;1413(1):119-125. Epub 2018 Jan 28 doi: 10.1111/nyas.13585. PMID: 29377152Free PMC Article
Dowling JJ, D Gonorazky H, Cohn RD, Campbell C
Am J Med Genet A 2018 Apr;176(4):804-841. Epub 2017 Sep 10 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38418. PMID: 28889642Free PMC Article
Rahman MA, Azuma Y, Nasrin F, Takeda J, Nazim M, Bin Ahsan K, Masuda A, Engel AG, Ohno K
Sci Rep 2015 Aug 18;5:13208. doi: 10.1038/srep13208. PMID: 26282582Free PMC Article
Hantaï D, Richard P, Koenig J, Eymard B
Curr Opin Neurol 2004 Oct;17(5):539-51. doi: 10.1097/00019052-200410000-00004. PMID: 15367858

Clinical prediction guides

Bobadilla-Quesada EJ, Natera-de Benito D, Carrera-García L, Ortez C, Exposito-Escudero J, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Jou C, Codina A, Corbera J, Moya O, Saez V, Gonzalez-Quereda L, Gallano P, Colomer J, Cuadras D, Medina J, Yoldi ME, Nascimento A
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Maselli RA, Arredondo J, Vázquez J, Chong JX, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Lara M, Ng F, Lo VL, Pytel P, McDonald CM
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018 Feb;1413(1):119-125. Epub 2018 Jan 28 doi: 10.1111/nyas.13585. PMID: 29377152Free PMC Article
Salpietro V, Lin W, Delle Vedove A, Storbeck M, Liu Y, Efthymiou S, Manole A, Wiethoff S, Ye Q, Saggar A, McElreavey K, Krishnakumar SS; SYNAPS Study Group, Pitt M, Bello OD, Rothman JE, Basel-Vanagaite L, Hubshman MW, Aharoni S, Manzur AY, Wirth B, Houlden H
Ann Neurol 2017 Apr;81(4):597-603. Epub 2017 Mar 29 doi: 10.1002/ana.24905. PMID: 28253535Free PMC Article
Rahman MA, Azuma Y, Nasrin F, Takeda J, Nazim M, Bin Ahsan K, Masuda A, Engel AG, Ohno K
Sci Rep 2015 Aug 18;5:13208. doi: 10.1038/srep13208. PMID: 26282582Free PMC Article
Harper CM, Fukodome T, Engel AG
Neurology 2003 May 27;60(10):1710-3. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000061483.11417.1b. PMID: 12771277

Recent systematic reviews

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