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Abnormal response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test

MedGen UID:
1621299
•Concept ID:
C4531230
•
Finding
Synonym: Abnormal response to GnRH stimulation test
 
HPO: HP:0031279

Definition

An abnormal response to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test. This test typically involves intravenous administration of GnRH followed by repeated blood sampling at various time points to measure the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAbnormal response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test

Professional guidelines

PubMed

3M syndrome: Evaluating the clinical and laboratory features and the response of the growth hormone treatment: Single center experience.
Karacan Küçükali G, Keskin M, Aycan Z, Savaş-Erdeve Ş, Çetinkaya S
Eur J Med Genet 2023 Oct;66(10):104828. Epub 2023 Sep 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104828. PMID: 37673300
Evaluation and treatment of low responders in assisted reproductive technology: a challenge to meet.
Fasouliotis SJ, Simon A, Laufer N
J Assist Reprod Genet 2000 Aug;17(7):357-73. doi: 10.1023/a:1009465324197. PMID: 11077616Free PMC Article
Influence of phlebotomy treatment on abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary function in genetic hemochromatosis.
Lufkin EG, Baldus WP, Bergstralh EJ, Kao PC
Mayo Clin Proc 1987 Jun;62(6):473-9. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65472-x. PMID: 3106726

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Anterior pituitary function in Rathke's cleft cysts versus nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.
Fujii M, Nakagawa A, Tachibana O, Iizuka H, Koya D
Endocr J 2021 Aug 28;68(8):943-952. Epub 2021 Apr 3 doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ21-0050. PMID: 33814485
Plasma kisspeptin levels in boys with hypogonadotropic delayed puberty.
Nikitina IL, Yukhlina YN, Vasilieva EY, Nagornaya II, Grineva EN, Kelmanson IA
Minerva Endocrinol 2020 Jun;45(2):79-88. Epub 2020 Jan 24 doi: 10.23736/S0391-1977.20.03101-6. PMID: 31994363
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulation Test in Prepubertal Children with Micropenis Can Accurately Predict Leydig Cell Function in Pubertal or Postpubertal Adolescents.
Ishii T, Matsuo N, Sato S, Ogata T, Tamai S, Anzo M, Kamimaki T, Sasaki G, Inokuchi M, Hori N, Amano N, Narumi S, Shibata H, Hasegawa T
Horm Res Paediatr 2015;84(5):305-10. Epub 2015 Sep 10 doi: 10.1159/000439234. PMID: 26352728
17-hydroxyprogesterone responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone disclose distinct phenotypes of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Pasquali R, Patton L, Pocognoli P, Cognigni GE, Gambineri A
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007 Nov;92(11):4208-17. Epub 2007 Sep 4 doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-0870. PMID: 17785360
LH pulsatility and response to a single s.c. injection of buserelin in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Prelević GM, Würzburger MI, Balint-Peric L
Gynecol Endocrinol 1990 Mar;4(1):1-13. doi: 10.3109/09513599009030686. PMID: 2110712

Diagnosis

3M syndrome: Evaluating the clinical and laboratory features and the response of the growth hormone treatment: Single center experience.
Karacan Küçükali G, Keskin M, Aycan Z, Savaş-Erdeve Ş, Çetinkaya S
Eur J Med Genet 2023 Oct;66(10):104828. Epub 2023 Sep 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104828. PMID: 37673300
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulation Test in Prepubertal Children with Micropenis Can Accurately Predict Leydig Cell Function in Pubertal or Postpubertal Adolescents.
Ishii T, Matsuo N, Sato S, Ogata T, Tamai S, Anzo M, Kamimaki T, Sasaki G, Inokuchi M, Hori N, Amano N, Narumi S, Shibata H, Hasegawa T
Horm Res Paediatr 2015;84(5):305-10. Epub 2015 Sep 10 doi: 10.1159/000439234. PMID: 26352728
17-hydroxyprogesterone responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone disclose distinct phenotypes of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Pasquali R, Patton L, Pocognoli P, Cognigni GE, Gambineri A
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007 Nov;92(11):4208-17. Epub 2007 Sep 4 doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-0870. PMID: 17785360
Nonfunctioning adenomas of the pituitary.
Liuzzi A, Tassi V, Pirro MT, Zingrillo M, Ghiggi MR, Chiodini I, Oppizzi G, Barberis M
Metabolism 1996 Aug;45(8 Suppl 1):80-2. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(96)90090-6. PMID: 8769390
Pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone in different reproductive disorders. A review.
Vasquez JM, Greenblatt RB
J Reprod Med 1985 Aug;30(8):591-600. PMID: 3930718

Therapy

3M syndrome: Evaluating the clinical and laboratory features and the response of the growth hormone treatment: Single center experience.
Karacan Küçükali G, Keskin M, Aycan Z, Savaş-Erdeve Ş, Çetinkaya S
Eur J Med Genet 2023 Oct;66(10):104828. Epub 2023 Sep 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104828. PMID: 37673300
Randomized Controlled Trial of Neurokinin 3 Receptor Antagonist Fezolinetant for Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Fraser GL, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Laven J, Griesinger G, Pintiaux A, Timmerman D, Fauser BCJM, Lademacher C, Combalbert J, Hoveyda HR, Ramael S
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Aug 18;106(9):e3519-e3532. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab320. PMID: 34000049Free PMC Article
Gonadal function and response to human chorionic and menopausal gonadotrophin therapy in male patients with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
Kirk JM, Savage MO, Grant DB, Bouloux PM, Besser GM
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1994 Jul;41(1):57-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb03785.x. PMID: 7914153
Gonadotropin responses to luteinizing releasing factor in boys treated with cyclophosphamide for nephrotic syndrome.
Kirkland RT, Bongiovanni AM, Cornfield D, McCormick JB, Parks JS, Tenore A
J Pediatr 1976 Dec;89(6):941-4. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(76)80600-2. PMID: 792411
LH, FSH and testosterone in plasma following LH-RH infusion: a combined test for pituitary and Leydig cell function.
Kley HK, Wiegelmann W, Nieschlag E, Solbach HG, Zimmermann H, Krüskemper HL
Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1974 Mar;75(3):417-27. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.0750417. PMID: 4592543

Prognosis

Plasma kisspeptin levels in boys with hypogonadotropic delayed puberty.
Nikitina IL, Yukhlina YN, Vasilieva EY, Nagornaya II, Grineva EN, Kelmanson IA
Minerva Endocrinol 2020 Jun;45(2):79-88. Epub 2020 Jan 24 doi: 10.23736/S0391-1977.20.03101-6. PMID: 31994363
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulation Test in Prepubertal Children with Micropenis Can Accurately Predict Leydig Cell Function in Pubertal or Postpubertal Adolescents.
Ishii T, Matsuo N, Sato S, Ogata T, Tamai S, Anzo M, Kamimaki T, Sasaki G, Inokuchi M, Hori N, Amano N, Narumi S, Shibata H, Hasegawa T
Horm Res Paediatr 2015;84(5):305-10. Epub 2015 Sep 10 doi: 10.1159/000439234. PMID: 26352728
17-hydroxyprogesterone responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone disclose distinct phenotypes of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Pasquali R, Patton L, Pocognoli P, Cognigni GE, Gambineri A
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007 Nov;92(11):4208-17. Epub 2007 Sep 4 doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-0870. PMID: 17785360
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone initiates multiple signaling pathways in human GH-secreting adenomas.
Lania A, Mantovani G, Ferrante E, Zavanone LM, Locatelli M, Corbetta S, Beck-Peccoz P, Spada A
J Endocrinol Invest 2004 Apr;27(4):328-33. doi: 10.1007/BF03351057. PMID: 15233551
The value of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone test as a prognostic factor in infertile patients with varicocele.
Atikeler K, Yeni E, Semercioz A, Yalcin O, Baydinc C
Br J Urol 1996 Oct;78(4):632-4. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1996.14523.x. PMID: 8944523

Clinical prediction guides

3M syndrome: Evaluating the clinical and laboratory features and the response of the growth hormone treatment: Single center experience.
Karacan Küçükali G, Keskin M, Aycan Z, Savaş-Erdeve Ş, Çetinkaya S
Eur J Med Genet 2023 Oct;66(10):104828. Epub 2023 Sep 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104828. PMID: 37673300
Basal and dynamic relationships between serum anti-Müllerian hormone and gonadotropins in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, with or without polycystic ovarian morphology.
Hager M, Ott J, Marschalek J, Marschalek ML, Kinsky C, Marculescu R, Dewailly D
Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022 Jul 4;20(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s12958-022-00961-y. PMID: 35787707Free PMC Article
Anterior pituitary function in Rathke's cleft cysts versus nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.
Fujii M, Nakagawa A, Tachibana O, Iizuka H, Koya D
Endocr J 2021 Aug 28;68(8):943-952. Epub 2021 Apr 3 doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ21-0050. PMID: 33814485
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulation Test in Prepubertal Children with Micropenis Can Accurately Predict Leydig Cell Function in Pubertal or Postpubertal Adolescents.
Ishii T, Matsuo N, Sato S, Ogata T, Tamai S, Anzo M, Kamimaki T, Sasaki G, Inokuchi M, Hori N, Amano N, Narumi S, Shibata H, Hasegawa T
Horm Res Paediatr 2015;84(5):305-10. Epub 2015 Sep 10 doi: 10.1159/000439234. PMID: 26352728
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone initiates multiple signaling pathways in human GH-secreting adenomas.
Lania A, Mantovani G, Ferrante E, Zavanone LM, Locatelli M, Corbetta S, Beck-Peccoz P, Spada A
J Endocrinol Invest 2004 Apr;27(4):328-33. doi: 10.1007/BF03351057. PMID: 15233551

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