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Neurodevelopmental disorder with eye movement abnormalities and ataxia(NEDEMA)

MedGen UID:
1824014
Concept ID:
C5774241
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: NEDEMA; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH EYE MOVEMENT ABNORMALITIES AND ATAXIA
 
Gene (location): FRMD5 (15q15.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0859305
OMIM®: 620094

Definition

Neurodevelopmental disorder with eye movement abnormalities and ataxia (NEDEMA) is characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy. Affected individuals show delayed walking with an unsteady gait, variably impaired intellectual development, learning disabilities, and speech difficulties. Abnormal eye movements, which are often noted in early childhood, include opsoclonus, nystagmus, and strabismus. Some patients have seizures, which may be refractory (Lu et al., 2022). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Urinary incontinence
MedGen UID:
22579
Concept ID:
C0042024
Finding
Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.
Atrial septal defect
MedGen UID:
6753
Concept ID:
C0018817
Congenital Abnormality
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.
Constipation
MedGen UID:
1101
Concept ID:
C0009806
Sign or Symptom
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.
Feeding difficulties
MedGen UID:
65429
Concept ID:
C0232466
Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Anxiety
MedGen UID:
1613
Concept ID:
C0003467
Finding
Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control.
Cerebellar ataxia
MedGen UID:
849
Concept ID:
C0007758
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Dystonic disorder
MedGen UID:
3940
Concept ID:
C0013421
Sign or Symptom
An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.
Spasticity
MedGen UID:
7753
Concept ID:
C0026838
Sign or Symptom
A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.
Myoclonus
MedGen UID:
10234
Concept ID:
C0027066
Finding
Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Migraine
MedGen UID:
57451
Concept ID:
C0149931
Disease or Syndrome
Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by episodic attacks of headache and associated symptoms.
Macrogyria
MedGen UID:
120579
Concept ID:
C0266483
Congenital Abnormality
Pachygyria is a malformation of cortical development with abnormally wide gyri with sulci 1,5-3 cm apart and abnormally thick cortex measuring more than 5 mm (radiological definition). See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly.
Dyslexia
MedGen UID:
96906
Concept ID:
C0476254
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
A learning disorder characterized primarily by difficulties in learning to read and spell. Dyslectic children also exhibit a tendency to read words from right to left and to confuse letters such as b and d whose orientation is important for their identification. Children with dyslexia appear to be impaired in phonemic skills (the ability to associate visual symbols with the sounds they represent).
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Motor delay
MedGen UID:
381392
Concept ID:
C1854301
Finding
A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Delayed CNS myelination
MedGen UID:
867393
Concept ID:
C4021758
Anatomical Abnormality
Delayed myelination in the central nervous system.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Esotropia
MedGen UID:
4550
Concept ID:
C0014877
Disease or Syndrome
A form of strabismus with one or both eyes turned inward ('crossed') to a relatively severe degree, usually defined as 10 diopters or more.
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
Concept ID:
C0028738
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Strabismus
MedGen UID:
21337
Concept ID:
C0038379
Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.
Opsoclonus
MedGen UID:
116616
Concept ID:
C0242567
Disease or Syndrome
Bursts of large-amplitude multidirectional saccades without intersaccadic interval

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Stamou MI, Georgopoulos NA
Metabolism 2018 Sep;86:124-134. Epub 2017 Nov 3 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.012. PMID: 29108899Free PMC Article
Juric-Sekhar G, Adkins J, Doherty D, Hevner RF
Acta Neuropathol 2012 May;123(5):695-709. Epub 2012 Feb 14 doi: 10.1007/s00401-012-0951-2. PMID: 22331178

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Mylonas D, Machado S, Larson O, Patel R, Cox R, Vangel M, Maski K, Stickgold R, Manoach DS
Sleep 2022 Mar 14;45(3) doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsac010. PMID: 35022792
Bachmann-Gagescu R, Dempsey JC, Phelps IG, O'Roak BJ, Knutzen DM, Rue TC, Ishak GE, Isabella CR, Gorden N, Adkins J, Boyle EA, de Lacy N, O'Day D, Alswaid A, Ramadevi A R, Lingappa L, Lourenço C, Martorell L, Garcia-Cazorla À, Ozyürek H, Haliloğlu G, Tuysuz B, Topçu M; University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Chance P, Parisi MA, Glass IA, Shendure J, Doherty D
J Med Genet 2015 Aug;52(8):514-22. Epub 2015 Jun 19 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103087. PMID: 26092869Free PMC Article
Salman MS, Ikeda KM
Can J Neurol Sci 2013 Mar;40(2):235-40. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100013792. PMID: 23419574
Brancati F, Dallapiccola B, Valente EM
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010 Jul 8;5:20. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-20. PMID: 20615230Free PMC Article
Hodgkins PR, Harris CM, Shawkat FS, Thompson DA, Chong K, Timms C, Russell-Eggitt I, Taylor DS, Kriss A
Dev Med Child Neurol 2004 Oct;46(10):694-9. doi: 10.1017/s0012162204001161. PMID: 15473174

Diagnosis

Lu S, Ma M, Mao X, Bacino CA, Jankovic J, Sutton VR, Bartley JA, Wang X, Rosenfeld JA, Beleza-Meireles A, Chauhan J, Pan X, Li M, Liu P, Prescott K, Amin S, Davies G, Wangler MF, Dai Y, Bellen HJ
Am J Hum Genet 2022 Oct 6;109(10):1932-1943. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.09.005. PMID: 36206744Free PMC Article
Niceta M, Dentici ML, Ciolfi A, Marini R, Barresi S, Lepri FR, Novelli A, Bertini E, Cappa M, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M
BMC Pediatr 2020 Mar 12;20(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-2019-0. PMID: 32164589Free PMC Article
Stamou MI, Georgopoulos NA
Metabolism 2018 Sep;86:124-134. Epub 2017 Nov 3 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.012. PMID: 29108899Free PMC Article
Bachmann-Gagescu R, Dempsey JC, Phelps IG, O'Roak BJ, Knutzen DM, Rue TC, Ishak GE, Isabella CR, Gorden N, Adkins J, Boyle EA, de Lacy N, O'Day D, Alswaid A, Ramadevi A R, Lingappa L, Lourenço C, Martorell L, Garcia-Cazorla À, Ozyürek H, Haliloğlu G, Tuysuz B, Topçu M; University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Chance P, Parisi MA, Glass IA, Shendure J, Doherty D
J Med Genet 2015 Aug;52(8):514-22. Epub 2015 Jun 19 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103087. PMID: 26092869Free PMC Article
Brancati F, Dallapiccola B, Valente EM
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010 Jul 8;5:20. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-20. PMID: 20615230Free PMC Article

Therapy

Lazar SM, Abid F
Neurology 2024 Jan 9;102(1):e207992. Epub 2023 Dec 13 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207992. PMID: 38175838Free PMC Article
Tantsis EM, Gill D, Griffiths L, Gupta S, Lawson J, Maksemous N, Ouvrier R, Riant F, Smith R, Troedson C, Webster R, Menezes MP
Dev Med Child Neurol 2016 Jun;58(6):639-44. Epub 2016 Jan 27 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13033. PMID: 26814174
Mikati MA, Kramer U, Zupanc ML, Shanahan RJ
Pediatr Neurol 2000 Aug;23(2):134-41. doi: 10.1016/s0887-8994(00)00157-0. PMID: 11020638

Prognosis

Zech M, Brunet T, Škorvánek M, Blaschek A, Vill K, Hanker B, Hüning I, Haň V, Došekova P, Gdovinová Z, Alhaddad B, Berutti R, Strom TM, Růžička E, Kamsteeg EJ, van der Smagt JJ, Wagner M, Jech R, Winkelmann J
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020 Aug;77:70-75. Epub 2020 Jun 29 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.027. PMID: 32629324
Tantsis EM, Gill D, Griffiths L, Gupta S, Lawson J, Maksemous N, Ouvrier R, Riant F, Smith R, Troedson C, Webster R, Menezes MP
Dev Med Child Neurol 2016 Jun;58(6):639-44. Epub 2016 Jan 27 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13033. PMID: 26814174
Dennis M, Salman MS, Juranek J, Fletcher JM
Cerebellum 2010 Dec;9(4):484-98. doi: 10.1007/s12311-010-0191-8. PMID: 20652468Free PMC Article
Brancati F, Dallapiccola B, Valente EM
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010 Jul 8;5:20. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-20. PMID: 20615230Free PMC Article
Hodgkins PR, Harris CM, Shawkat FS, Thompson DA, Chong K, Timms C, Russell-Eggitt I, Taylor DS, Kriss A
Dev Med Child Neurol 2004 Oct;46(10):694-9. doi: 10.1017/s0012162204001161. PMID: 15473174

Clinical prediction guides

Lu S, Ma M, Mao X, Bacino CA, Jankovic J, Sutton VR, Bartley JA, Wang X, Rosenfeld JA, Beleza-Meireles A, Chauhan J, Pan X, Li M, Liu P, Prescott K, Amin S, Davies G, Wangler MF, Dai Y, Bellen HJ
Am J Hum Genet 2022 Oct 6;109(10):1932-1943. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.09.005. PMID: 36206744Free PMC Article
Zech M, Brunet T, Škorvánek M, Blaschek A, Vill K, Hanker B, Hüning I, Haň V, Došekova P, Gdovinová Z, Alhaddad B, Berutti R, Strom TM, Růžička E, Kamsteeg EJ, van der Smagt JJ, Wagner M, Jech R, Winkelmann J
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020 Aug;77:70-75. Epub 2020 Jun 29 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.027. PMID: 32629324
Bachmann-Gagescu R, Dempsey JC, Phelps IG, O'Roak BJ, Knutzen DM, Rue TC, Ishak GE, Isabella CR, Gorden N, Adkins J, Boyle EA, de Lacy N, O'Day D, Alswaid A, Ramadevi A R, Lingappa L, Lourenço C, Martorell L, Garcia-Cazorla À, Ozyürek H, Haliloğlu G, Tuysuz B, Topçu M; University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Chance P, Parisi MA, Glass IA, Shendure J, Doherty D
J Med Genet 2015 Aug;52(8):514-22. Epub 2015 Jun 19 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103087. PMID: 26092869Free PMC Article
Dennis M, Salman MS, Juranek J, Fletcher JM
Cerebellum 2010 Dec;9(4):484-98. doi: 10.1007/s12311-010-0191-8. PMID: 20652468Free PMC Article
Chance PF, Cavalier L, Satran D, Pellegrino JE, Koenig M, Dobyns WB
J Child Neurol 1999 Oct;14(10):660-6; discussion 669-72. doi: 10.1177/088307389901401007. PMID: 10511339

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