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Substance withdrawal syndrome

MedGen UID:
20990
Concept ID:
C0038587
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance Withdrawal Syndromes; Syndrome, Substance Withdrawal; Syndromes, Substance Withdrawal; Withdrawal Syndrome, Substance; Withdrawal Syndromes, Substance
SNOMED CT: Substance withdrawal syndrome (1254795002); Substance withdrawal (1254795002); Withdrawal syndrome (1254795002)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005567

Definition

A substance-specific organic brain syndrome that follows the discontinuation of administration or use, or reduction in intake of an addictive substance, e.g. opioids, barbiturates and alcohol; amphetamines or similarly acting sympathomimetics; cocaine; nicotine; sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics. Syndrome manifests with diverse, often painful physical and psychological symptoms, which include but not limited to intense drug craving, anxiety, depression, insomnia, nausea, perspiration, body aches, tremors, hallucinations, and convulsions. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Elias AM, Pepin MJ, Brown JN
J Subst Abuse Treat 2019 Dec;107:38-43. Epub 2019 Oct 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2019.10.003. PMID: 31757263
Saulino M, Anderson DJ, Doble J, Farid R, Gul F, Konrad P, Boster AL
Neuromodulation 2016 Aug;19(6):632-41. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1111/ner.12467. PMID: 27434299
Wu SL, Leung AW, Yew DT
East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2016 Jun;26(2):70-6. PMID: 27377488

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Peng L, Morford KL, Levander XA
Med Clin North Am 2022 Jan;106(1):113-129. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.012. PMID: 34823725
Williams AR, Hill KP
Ann Intern Med 2020 Nov 3;173(9):ITC65-ITC80. doi: 10.7326/AITC202011030. PMID: 33137270
Airagnes G, Ducoutumany G, Laffy-Beaufils B, Le Faou AL, Limosin F
Rev Med Interne 2019 Jun;40(6):373-379. Epub 2019 Mar 7 doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.02.001. PMID: 30853380
Hiscock R, Bauld L, Amos A, Fidler JA, Munafò M
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012 Feb;1248:107-23. Epub 2011 Nov 17 doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06202.x. PMID: 22092035
Shapiro RE
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2008 Aug;12(4):311-5. doi: 10.1007/s11916-008-0052-z. PMID: 18625110

Diagnosis

Sethi R, Ravishankar DA, Nagireddy R
Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2021 Feb 18;23(1) doi: 10.4088/PCC.19l02457. PMID: 34000148
Pizarro-Osilla C
J Emerg Nurs 2017 Jul;43(4):373-374. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2017.03.016. PMID: 28683875
Soyka M
N Engl J Med 2017 Mar 23;376(12):1147-1157. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1611832. PMID: 28328330
Shapiro RE
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2008 Aug;12(4):311-5. doi: 10.1007/s11916-008-0052-z. PMID: 18625110
Wesson DR, Ling W
J Psychoactive Drugs 2003 Apr-Jun;35(2):253-9. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2003.10400007. PMID: 12924748

Therapy

Fluyau D, Kailasam VK, Pierre CG
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023 Sep;79(9):1147-1157. Epub 2023 Jun 28 doi: 10.1007/s00228-023-03523-2. PMID: 37380897
Cosci F, Chouinard G
Psychother Psychosom 2020;89(5):283-306. Epub 2020 Apr 7 doi: 10.1159/000506868. PMID: 32259826
Lindson N, Klemperer E, Hong B, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Aveyard P
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Sep 30;9(9):CD013183. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013183.pub2. PMID: 31565800Free PMC Article
Keoleian V, Polcin D, Galloway GP
J Psychoactive Drugs 2015 Apr-Jun;47(2):158-76. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2015.1009200. PMID: 25950596Free PMC Article
Phillips KA, Epstein DH, Preston KL
Neuropharmacology 2014 Dec;87:150-60. Epub 2014 Apr 12 doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.04.002. PMID: 24727297Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Davies J, Read J
Addict Behav 2019 Oct;97:111-121. Epub 2018 Sep 4 doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.027. PMID: 30292574
Wood E, Albarqouni L, Tkachuk S, Green CJ, Ahamad K, Nolan S, McLean M, Klimas J
JAMA 2018 Aug 28;320(8):825-833. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.10574. PMID: 30167704Free PMC Article
Wadekar M, Syed S
Psychosomatics 2010 Jul-Aug;51(4):355-355.e2. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.51.4.355. PMID: 20587767
Noerr B
Neonatal Netw 2000 Mar;19(2):67-9. doi: 10.1891/0730-0832.19.2.67. PMID: 11949002
Dole VP, Nyswander ME, Kreek MJ
Arch Intern Med 1966 Oct;118(4):304-9. PMID: 4162686

Clinical prediction guides

Pribék IK, Kovács I, Kádár BK, Kovács CS, Richman MJ, Janka Z, Andó B, Lázár BA
Drug Alcohol Depend 2021 Mar 1;220:108536. Epub 2021 Jan 19 doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108536. PMID: 33503582
Farrokh S, Roels C, Owusu KA, Nelson SE, Cook AM
Neurocrit Care 2021 Apr;34(2):593-607. Epub 2020 Aug 13 doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-01061-8. PMID: 32794143
Ávila-Alzate JA, Gómez-Salgado J, Romero-Martín M, Martínez-Isasi S, Navarro-Abal Y, Fernández-García D
Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Jan;99(5):e18502. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018502. PMID: 32000360Free PMC Article
Noller GE, Frampton CM, Yazar-Klosinski B
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2018;44(1):37-46. Epub 2017 Apr 12 doi: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1310218. PMID: 28402682
Hendey GW, Dery RA, Barnes RL, Snowden B, Mentler P
Am J Emerg Med 2011 May;29(4):382-5. Epub 2010 Mar 25 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2009.10.010. PMID: 20825805

Recent systematic reviews

Bahji A, Bach P, Danilewitz M, Crockford D, El-Guebaly N, Devoe DJ, Saitz R
Addiction 2022 Oct;117(10):2591-2601. Epub 2022 Mar 15 doi: 10.1111/add.15853. PMID: 35194860Free PMC Article
Monahan K, Cuzens-Sutton J, Siskind D, Kisely S
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2021 Aug;55(8):772-783. Epub 2020 Oct 16 doi: 10.1177/0004867420965693. PMID: 33059460
Ávila-Alzate JA, Gómez-Salgado J, Romero-Martín M, Martínez-Isasi S, Navarro-Abal Y, Fernández-García D
Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Jan;99(5):e18502. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018502. PMID: 32000360Free PMC Article
Davies J, Read J
Addict Behav 2019 Oct;97:111-121. Epub 2018 Sep 4 doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.027. PMID: 30292574
Fava GA, Benasi G, Lucente M, Offidani E, Cosci F, Guidi J
Psychother Psychosom 2018;87(4):195-203. Epub 2018 Jul 17 doi: 10.1159/000491524. PMID: 30016772

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