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Anal canal neuroendocrine neoplasm

MedGen UID:
231063
•Concept ID:
C1332273
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: anal canal NET; Anal Canal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm; anal canal neuroendocrine neoplasm; anal canal neuroendocrine tumor; anal canal neuroendocrine tumor, well differentiated, low or intermediate grade; anal canal neuroendocrine tumour; Anal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm; anal neuroendocrine neoplasm; anal neuroendocrine tumor; anal neuroendocrine tumour; anus neuroendocrine neoplasm; anus neuroendocrine tumor; anus neuroendocrine tumour; neuroendocrine neoplasm of anal canal; Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of Anus; neuroendocrine neoplasm of anus; Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Anus; neuroendocrine neoplasm of the anus; neuroendocrine tumor of anus; neuroendocrine tumour of anus
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0003504

Definition

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms). [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Anus and Rectum: Patient Characteristics and Treatment Options.
Ueberroth BE, Liu AJ, Starr JS, Hobday TJ, Ashman JB, Mishra N, Bekaii-Saab TS, Halfdanarson TR, Sonbol MB
Clin Colorectal Cancer 2021 Jun;20(2):e139-e149. Epub 2020 Dec 17 doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.12.001. PMID: 33551318
Patterns of Care and Survival Outcomes in the Treatment of Anal Melanoma.
Naqvi J, Lee A, Lederman A, Kavi A, Osborn VW, Schreiber D
J Gastrointest Cancer 2020 Mar;51(1):211-216. doi: 10.1007/s12029-019-00238-5. PMID: 30982929
Malignant tumors of the anal canal: the spectrum of disease, treatment, and outcomes.
Klas JV, Rothenberger DA, Wong WD, Madoff RD
Cancer 1999 Apr 15;85(8):1686-93. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990415)85:8<1686::aid-cncr7>3.0.co;2-7. PMID: 10223561

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Cystic lesions of the retrorectal space.
Brown IS, Sokolova A, Rosty C, Graham RP
Histopathology 2023 Jan;82(2):232-241. Epub 2022 Aug 24 doi: 10.1111/his.14769. PMID: 35962741
Perineal schwannoma.
Majbar A, Hrora A, Jahid A, Ahallat M, Raiss M
BMC Res Notes 2016 Jun 13;9:304. doi: 10.1186/s13104-016-2108-1. PMID: 27297080Free PMC Article
Cancers of the anal canal and anal margin.
Gervasoni JE Jr, Wanebo HJ
Cancer Invest 2003 Jun;21(3):452-64. doi: 10.1081/cnv-120018238. PMID: 12901291
Anorectal melanoma in northern Pakistan.
Ahmad M, Mamoon N, Khan AH
J Pak Med Assoc 1992 Jul;42(7):155-7. PMID: 1404831
Carcinoma of the anus.
Beahrs OH, Wilson SM
Ann Surg 1976 Oct;184(4):422-8. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197610000-00004. PMID: 189707Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Cystic lesions of the retrorectal space.
Brown IS, Sokolova A, Rosty C, Graham RP
Histopathology 2023 Jan;82(2):232-241. Epub 2022 Aug 24 doi: 10.1111/his.14769. PMID: 35962741
Resectable Anal Melanoma Detected by Rectal Retroflexion.
Pagani W, Sheikh U, Skef W
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021 May;19(5):A25. Epub 2020 Apr 6 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.061. PMID: 32272246
Error of Omission.
Sunjaya D, Grieb B, Sweetser S
Gastroenterology 2019 Feb;156(3):560-561. Epub 2018 Sep 18 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.040. PMID: 30240674
Pathology of Anal Cancer.
Hoff PM, Coudry R, Moniz CM
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017 Jan;26(1):57-71. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.013. PMID: 27889037
Uncommon Anal Neoplasms.
Roy AC, Wattchow D, Astill D, Singh S, Pendlebury S, Gormly K, Segelov E
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017 Jan;26(1):143-161. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.009. PMID: 27889033

Therapy

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Anus and Rectum: Patient Characteristics and Treatment Options.
Ueberroth BE, Liu AJ, Starr JS, Hobday TJ, Ashman JB, Mishra N, Bekaii-Saab TS, Halfdanarson TR, Sonbol MB
Clin Colorectal Cancer 2021 Jun;20(2):e139-e149. Epub 2020 Dec 17 doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.12.001. PMID: 33551318
Chemoradiation for High-grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Rectum and Anal Canal.
Voong KR, Rashid A, Crane CH, Minsky BD, Krishnan S, Yao JC, Wolff RA, Skibber JM, Feig BW, Chang GJ, Das P
Am J Clin Oncol 2017 Dec;40(6):555-560. doi: 10.1097/COC.0000000000000211. PMID: 26237193
Malignant melanoma of the ileo-anal pouch anastomosis after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: report of a case.
Lingohr P, Galetin T, Matthaei H, Straub E, Jafari A, Bölke E, Kalff JC, Vestweber KH
Eur J Med Res 2013 Nov 4;18(1):39. doi: 10.1186/2047-783X-18-39. PMID: 24188588Free PMC Article
Malignant melanoma of the anal region.
Heyn J, Placzek M, Ozimek A, Baumgaertner AK, Siebeck M, Volkenandt M
Clin Exp Dermatol 2007 Sep;32(5):603-7. Epub 2007 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02353.x. PMID: 17376215
Malignant tumors of the anal canal: the spectrum of disease, treatment, and outcomes.
Klas JV, Rothenberger DA, Wong WD, Madoff RD
Cancer 1999 Apr 15;85(8):1686-93. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990415)85:8<1686::aid-cncr7>3.0.co;2-7. PMID: 10223561

Prognosis

Anorectal Melanoma-Brownish Black Mass Not Always a Hemorrhoid.
Nigam JS, Nishit, Kumar T, Singh A, Tewari P, Pandey JK
J Gastrointest Cancer 2022 Sep;53(3):825-829. Epub 2021 Aug 4 doi: 10.1007/s12029-021-00678-y. PMID: 34347246
Pathology of Anal Cancer.
Hoff PM, Coudry R, Moniz CM
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017 Jan;26(1):57-71. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.013. PMID: 27889037
Uncommon Anal Neoplasms.
Roy AC, Wattchow D, Astill D, Singh S, Pendlebury S, Gormly K, Segelov E
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017 Jan;26(1):143-161. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.009. PMID: 27889033
Cancers of the anal canal and anal margin.
Gervasoni JE Jr, Wanebo HJ
Cancer Invest 2003 Jun;21(3):452-64. doi: 10.1081/cnv-120018238. PMID: 12901291
Anorectal melanoma in northern Pakistan.
Ahmad M, Mamoon N, Khan AH
J Pak Med Assoc 1992 Jul;42(7):155-7. PMID: 1404831

Clinical prediction guides

Optimal surgical management strategy for treatment of primary anorectal malignant melanoma-a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Temperley HC, O'Sullivan NJ, Keyes A, Kavanagh DO, Larkin JO, Mehigan BJ, McCormick PH, Kelly ME
Langenbecks Arch Surg 2022 Dec;407(8):3193-3200. Epub 2022 Nov 4 doi: 10.1007/s00423-022-02715-1. PMID: 36331615
Pathology of Anal Cancer.
Hoff PM, Coudry R, Moniz CM
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017 Jan;26(1):57-71. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.013. PMID: 27889037
Diagnostic problems in anal pathology.
Longacre TA, Kong CS, Welton ML
Adv Anat Pathol 2008 Sep;15(5):263-78. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0b013e318183234b. PMID: 18724100
Curative resection of rectal carcinoid tumors with transanal endoscopic microsurgery.
Peerbooms JC, Simons JL, Tetteroo GW, De Graaf EJ
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2006 Oct;16(5):435-8. doi: 10.1089/lap.2006.16.435. PMID: 17004864
Imbalance of sex chromosomes, with gain of early-replicating X, in human solid tumors.
Dutrillaux B, Muleris M, Seureau MG
Int J Cancer 1986 Oct 15;38(4):475-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910380404. PMID: 3759263

Recent systematic reviews

Optimal surgical management strategy for treatment of primary anorectal malignant melanoma-a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Temperley HC, O'Sullivan NJ, Keyes A, Kavanagh DO, Larkin JO, Mehigan BJ, McCormick PH, Kelly ME
Langenbecks Arch Surg 2022 Dec;407(8):3193-3200. Epub 2022 Nov 4 doi: 10.1007/s00423-022-02715-1. PMID: 36331615

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