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Localized Unresectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

MedGen UID:
313356
•Concept ID:
C1708718
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonym: Localized Non-Resectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Definition

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is not amenable to surgical resection. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLocalized Unresectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, lenvatinib plus programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitors: A promising treatment approach for high-burden hepatocellular carcinoma.
Fu S, Xu Y, Mao Y, He M, Chen Z, Huang S, Li D, Lv Y, Wu J
Cancer Med 2024 May;13(9):e7105. doi: 10.1002/cam4.7105. PMID: 38686567Free PMC Article
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for the Treatment of Solitary, Unresectable HCC: The LEGACY Study.
Salem R, Johnson GE, Kim E, Riaz A, Bishay V, Boucher E, Fowers K, Lewandowski R, Padia SA
Hepatology 2021 Nov;74(5):2342-2352. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1002/hep.31819. PMID: 33739462Free PMC Article
Expanded Criteria for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver Transplant.
Haberal M, Akdur A, Moray G, Arslan G, Özçay F, Selçuk H, Özdemir H
Exp Clin Transplant 2017 Mar;15(Suppl 2):55-58. doi: 10.6002/ect.TOND16.L14. PMID: 28302000

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Sequential transarterial chemoembolisation and stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy as conversion therapy for patients with locally advanced, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (START-FIT): a single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Chiang CL, Chiu KWH, Chan KSK, Lee FAS, Li JCB, Wan CWS, Dai WC, Lam TC, Chen W, Wong NSM, Cheung ALY, Lee VWY, Lau VWH, El Helali A, Man K, Kong FMS, Lo CM, Chan AC
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Feb;8(2):169-178. Epub 2022 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00339-9. PMID: 36529152
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for the Treatment of Solitary, Unresectable HCC: The LEGACY Study.
Salem R, Johnson GE, Kim E, Riaz A, Bishay V, Boucher E, Fowers K, Lewandowski R, Padia SA
Hepatology 2021 Nov;74(5):2342-2352. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1002/hep.31819. PMID: 33739462Free PMC Article
Surgical Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Zamora-Valdes D, Taner T, Nagorney DM
Cancer Control 2017 Jul-Sep;24(3):1073274817729258. doi: 10.1177/1073274817729258. PMID: 28975836Free PMC Article
External beam radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Abdel-Rahman O, Elsayed Z
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 7;3(3):CD011314. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011314.pub2. PMID: 28267205Free PMC Article
Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of High-Dose Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy in Patients With Localized, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Hong TS, Wo JY, Yeap BY, Ben-Josef E, McDonnell EI, Blaszkowsky LS, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Clark JW, Goyal L, Murphy JE, Javle MM, Wolfgang JA, Drapek LC, Arellano RS, Mamon HJ, Mullen JT, Yoon SS, Tanabe KK, Ferrone CR, Ryan DP, DeLaney TF, Crane CH, Zhu AX
J Clin Oncol 2016 Feb 10;34(5):460-8. Epub 2015 Dec 14 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2710. PMID: 26668346Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Real-world efficacy and safety of TACE-HAIC combined with TKIs and PD-1 inhibitors in initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Pang B, Zuo B, Huang L, You X, Liu T, Hao J, Yuan C, Yang C, Yee Lau W, Zhang Y
Int Immunopharmacol 2024 Aug 20;137:112492. Epub 2024 Jun 20 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112492. PMID: 38906005
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease.
Fraquelli M, Nadarevic T, Colli A, Manzotti C, Giljaca V, Miletic D, Štimac D, Casazza G
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Sep 2;9(9):CD013483. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013483.pub2. PMID: 36053210Free PMC Article
Short-term efficacy and safety of callispheres drug-loaded microsphere embolization in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
Li J, Wang N, Shi C, Liu Q, Song J, Ye X
J Cancer Res Ther 2021 Jul;17(3):733-739. doi: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_1848_20. PMID: 34269307
Cost-effectiveness of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab vs Sorafenib for Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Zhang X, Wang J, Shi J, Jia X, Dang S, Wang W
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Apr 1;4(4):e214846. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4846. PMID: 33825837Free PMC Article
Vascular and nonvascular complications of liver transplants: sonographic evaluation and correlation with other imaging modalities and findings at surgery and pathology.
Friedewald SM, Molmenti EP, DeJong MR, Hamper UM
Ultrasound Q 2003 Jun;19(2):71-85; quiz 108-10. doi: 10.1097/00013644-200306000-00003. PMID: 12973092

Therapy

Complete Response to Locoregional Therapy Plus Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Chiang CL, Chan KSK, Chiu KWH, Lee FAS, Chen W, Wong NSM, Ho RLM, Lee VWY, Man K, Kong FMS, Chan ACY
JAMA Oncol 2024 Nov 1;10(11):1548-1553. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.4085. PMID: 39325464Free PMC Article
Sequential transarterial chemoembolisation and stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy as conversion therapy for patients with locally advanced, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (START-FIT): a single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Chiang CL, Chiu KWH, Chan KSK, Lee FAS, Li JCB, Wan CWS, Dai WC, Lam TC, Chen W, Wong NSM, Cheung ALY, Lee VWY, Lau VWH, El Helali A, Man K, Kong FMS, Lo CM, Chan AC
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Feb;8(2):169-178. Epub 2022 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00339-9. PMID: 36529152
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for the Treatment of Solitary, Unresectable HCC: The LEGACY Study.
Salem R, Johnson GE, Kim E, Riaz A, Bishay V, Boucher E, Fowers K, Lewandowski R, Padia SA
Hepatology 2021 Nov;74(5):2342-2352. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1002/hep.31819. PMID: 33739462Free PMC Article
Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of High-Dose Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy in Patients With Localized, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Hong TS, Wo JY, Yeap BY, Ben-Josef E, McDonnell EI, Blaszkowsky LS, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Clark JW, Goyal L, Murphy JE, Javle MM, Wolfgang JA, Drapek LC, Arellano RS, Mamon HJ, Mullen JT, Yoon SS, Tanabe KK, Ferrone CR, Ryan DP, DeLaney TF, Crane CH, Zhu AX
J Clin Oncol 2016 Feb 10;34(5):460-8. Epub 2015 Dec 14 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2710. PMID: 26668346Free PMC Article
Vascular and nonvascular complications of liver transplants: sonographic evaluation and correlation with other imaging modalities and findings at surgery and pathology.
Friedewald SM, Molmenti EP, DeJong MR, Hamper UM
Ultrasound Q 2003 Jun;19(2):71-85; quiz 108-10. doi: 10.1097/00013644-200306000-00003. PMID: 12973092

Prognosis

Proposal for Prognosis-Oriented Definition of Borderline Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Haruki K, Harimoto N, Furukawa K, Taniai T, Yanagaki M, Igarashi Y, Tsunematsu M, Shirai Y, Shirabe K, Ikegami T
J Am Coll Surg 2024 Jun 1;238(6):1137-1147. Epub 2024 Feb 7 doi: 10.1097/XCS.0000000000001032. PMID: 38323632
Real-world efficacy and prognostic factors of lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors in 378 unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Yang X, Chen B, Wang Y, Wang Y, Long J, Zhang N, Xue J, Xun Z, Zhang L, Cheng J, Lei J, Sun H, Li Y, Lin J, Xie F, Wang D, Pan J, Hu K, Guan M, Huo L, Shi J, Yu L, Zhou L, Zhou J, Lu Z, Yang X, Mao Y, Sang X, Lu Y, Zhao H
Hepatol Int 2023 Jun;17(3):709-719. Epub 2023 Feb 8 doi: 10.1007/s12072-022-10480-y. PMID: 36753026Free PMC Article
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for the Treatment of Solitary, Unresectable HCC: The LEGACY Study.
Salem R, Johnson GE, Kim E, Riaz A, Bishay V, Boucher E, Fowers K, Lewandowski R, Padia SA
Hepatology 2021 Nov;74(5):2342-2352. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1002/hep.31819. PMID: 33739462Free PMC Article
External beam radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Abdel-Rahman O, Elsayed Z
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 7;3(3):CD011314. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011314.pub2. PMID: 28267205Free PMC Article
Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of High-Dose Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy in Patients With Localized, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Hong TS, Wo JY, Yeap BY, Ben-Josef E, McDonnell EI, Blaszkowsky LS, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Clark JW, Goyal L, Murphy JE, Javle MM, Wolfgang JA, Drapek LC, Arellano RS, Mamon HJ, Mullen JT, Yoon SS, Tanabe KK, Ferrone CR, Ryan DP, DeLaney TF, Crane CH, Zhu AX
J Clin Oncol 2016 Feb 10;34(5):460-8. Epub 2015 Dec 14 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2710. PMID: 26668346Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

CT-guided High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy versus Transarterial Chemoembolization in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Auer TA, Müller L, Schulze D, Anhamm M, Bettinger D, Steinle V, Haubold J, Zopfs D, Pinto Dos Santos D, Eisenblätter M, Gebauer B, Kloeckner R, Collettini F
Radiology 2024 Feb;310(2):e232044. doi: 10.1148/radiol.232044. PMID: 38319166
Real-world efficacy and prognostic factors of lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors in 378 unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Yang X, Chen B, Wang Y, Wang Y, Long J, Zhang N, Xue J, Xun Z, Zhang L, Cheng J, Lei J, Sun H, Li Y, Lin J, Xie F, Wang D, Pan J, Hu K, Guan M, Huo L, Shi J, Yu L, Zhou L, Zhou J, Lu Z, Yang X, Mao Y, Sang X, Lu Y, Zhao H
Hepatol Int 2023 Jun;17(3):709-719. Epub 2023 Feb 8 doi: 10.1007/s12072-022-10480-y. PMID: 36753026Free PMC Article
Sequential transarterial chemoembolisation and stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy as conversion therapy for patients with locally advanced, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (START-FIT): a single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Chiang CL, Chiu KWH, Chan KSK, Lee FAS, Li JCB, Wan CWS, Dai WC, Lam TC, Chen W, Wong NSM, Cheung ALY, Lee VWY, Lau VWH, El Helali A, Man K, Kong FMS, Lo CM, Chan AC
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Feb;8(2):169-178. Epub 2022 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00339-9. PMID: 36529152
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for the Treatment of Solitary, Unresectable HCC: The LEGACY Study.
Salem R, Johnson GE, Kim E, Riaz A, Bishay V, Boucher E, Fowers K, Lewandowski R, Padia SA
Hepatology 2021 Nov;74(5):2342-2352. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1002/hep.31819. PMID: 33739462Free PMC Article
Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of High-Dose Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy in Patients With Localized, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Hong TS, Wo JY, Yeap BY, Ben-Josef E, McDonnell EI, Blaszkowsky LS, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Clark JW, Goyal L, Murphy JE, Javle MM, Wolfgang JA, Drapek LC, Arellano RS, Mamon HJ, Mullen JT, Yoon SS, Tanabe KK, Ferrone CR, Ryan DP, DeLaney TF, Crane CH, Zhu AX
J Clin Oncol 2016 Feb 10;34(5):460-8. Epub 2015 Dec 14 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2710. PMID: 26668346Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Microwave ablation for hepatic malignancies: a systematic review of the technology and differences in devices.
Barrow B, Martin Ii RCG
Surg Endosc 2023 Feb;37(2):817-834. Epub 2022 Sep 8 doi: 10.1007/s00464-022-09567-2. PMID: 36076101
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease.
Fraquelli M, Nadarevic T, Colli A, Manzotti C, Giljaca V, Miletic D, Štimac D, Casazza G
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Sep 2;9(9):CD013483. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013483.pub2. PMID: 36053210Free PMC Article
Selective internal radiation therapies for unresectable early-, intermediate- or advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: systematic review, network meta-analysis and economic evaluation.
Walton M, Wade R, Claxton L, Sharif-Hurst S, Harden M, Patel J, Rowe I, Hodgson R, Eastwood A
Health Technol Assess 2020 Sep;24(48):1-264. doi: 10.3310/hta24480. PMID: 33001024Free PMC Article
External beam radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Abdel-Rahman O, Elsayed Z
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 7;3(3):CD011314. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011314.pub2. PMID: 28267205Free PMC Article

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