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Cowpox

MedGen UID:
3261
•Concept ID:
C0010232
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Cow Pox; Pox, Cow
SNOMED CT: Cowpox (70090004)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005720

Definition

A mild, eruptive skin disease of milk cows caused by cowpox virus, with lesions occurring principally on the udder and teats. Human infection may occur while milking an infected animal. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCowpox

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment and Vaccination for Smallpox and Monkeypox.
Saalbach KP
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1451:301-316. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_19. PMID: 38801586
Monkeypox in pregnancy: virology, clinical presentation, and obstetric management.
Dashraath P, Nielsen-Saines K, Rimoin A, Mattar CNZ, Panchaud A, Baud D
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Dec;227(6):849-861.e7. Epub 2022 Aug 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.08.017. PMID: 35985514Free PMC Article
Cowpox virus infection in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management.
Möstl K, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC
J Feline Med Surg 2013 Jul;15(7):557-9. doi: 10.1177/1098612X13489212. PMID: 23813814Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Poxviridae Pneumonia.
Nucera F, Bonina L, Cipolla A, Pirina P, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1451:183-204. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_12. PMID: 38801579
Monkeypox.
Mitjà O, Ogoina D, Titanji BK, Galvan C, Muyembe JJ, Marks M, Orkin CM
Lancet 2023 Jan 7;401(10370):60-74. Epub 2022 Nov 17 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02075-X. PMID: 36403582Free PMC Article
The presumed receptivity and susceptibility to monkeypox of European animal species.
Haddad N
Infect Dis Now 2022 Aug;52(5):294-298. Epub 2022 Jun 23 doi: 10.1016/j.idnow.2022.06.006. PMID: 35753629Free PMC Article
Review of poxvirus: emergence of monkeypox.
Morand A, Delaigue S, Morand JJ
Med Sante Trop 2017 Feb 1;27(1):29-39. doi: 10.1684/mst.2017.0653. PMID: 28406414
Zoonotic poxviruses.
Essbauer S, Pfeffer M, Meyer H
Vet Microbiol 2010 Jan 27;140(3-4):229-36. Epub 2009 Aug 26 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.026. PMID: 19828265Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Evaluation and clinical validation of monkeypox (mpox) virus real-time PCR assays.
Mills MG, Juergens KB, Gov JP, McCormick CJ, Sampoleo R, Kachikis A, Amory JK, Fang FC, Pérez-Osorio AC, Lieberman NAP, Greninger AL
J Clin Virol 2023 Feb;159:105373. Epub 2022 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105373. PMID: 36603329Free PMC Article
Monkeypox.
Mitjà O, Ogoina D, Titanji BK, Galvan C, Muyembe JJ, Marks M, Orkin CM
Lancet 2023 Jan 7;401(10370):60-74. Epub 2022 Nov 17 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02075-X. PMID: 36403582Free PMC Article
Review of poxvirus: emergence of monkeypox.
Morand A, Delaigue S, Morand JJ
Med Sante Trop 2017 Feb 1;27(1):29-39. doi: 10.1684/mst.2017.0653. PMID: 28406414
Zoonotic poxviruses.
Essbauer S, Pfeffer M, Meyer H
Vet Microbiol 2010 Jan 27;140(3-4):229-36. Epub 2009 Aug 26 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.026. PMID: 19828265Free PMC Article
Cowpox/catpox infection.
Vestey JP, Yirrell DL, Aldridge RD
Br J Dermatol 1991 Jan;124(1):74-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb03285.x. PMID: 1847067

Therapy

Poxviridae Pneumonia.
Nucera F, Bonina L, Cipolla A, Pirina P, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1451:183-204. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_12. PMID: 38801579
An Overview of Antivirals against Monkeypox Virus and Other Orthopoxviruses.
Wang J, Shahed-Ai-Mahmud M, Chen A, Li K, Tan H, Joyce R
J Med Chem 2023 Apr 13;66(7):4468-4490. Epub 2023 Mar 24 doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00069. PMID: 36961984
Orbital Cowpox.
Kiernan M, Koutroumanos N
N Engl J Med 2021 Jun 10;384(23):2241. Epub 2021 Jun 5 doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm2033620. PMID: 34110113
Generalised cowpox virus infection.
Grönemeyer LL, Baltzer A, Broekaert S, Schrick L, Möller L, Nitsche A, Mössner R, Schön MP, Buhl T
Lancet 2017 Oct 14;390(10104):1769. Epub 2017 Jun 29 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31428-9. PMID: 28669644
Poxvirus countermeasures during an emergency in the United States.
Bice S, Yeskey K
Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2015 Apr;9(2):121-6. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2014.100. PMID: 26060872

Prognosis

Poxviridae Pneumonia.
Nucera F, Bonina L, Cipolla A, Pirina P, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1451:183-204. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_12. PMID: 38801579
EPIPOX: A Resource Facilitating Epitope-Vaccine Design Against Human Pathogenic Orthopoxviruses.
Ballesteros-Sanabria L, Pelaez-Prestel HF, Reche PA, Lafuente EM
Methods Mol Biol 2023;2673:175-185. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3239-0_12. PMID: 37258914
Serological survey of rodent-borne viruses in Finnish field voles.
Forbes KM, Voutilainen L, Jääskeläinen A, Sironen T, Kinnunen PM, Stuart P, Vapalahti O, Henttonen H, Huitu O
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014 Apr;14(4):278-83. Epub 2014 Apr 1 doi: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1526. PMID: 24689532Free PMC Article
Cowpox virus infection in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management.
Möstl K, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC
J Feline Med Surg 2013 Jul;15(7):557-9. doi: 10.1177/1098612X13489212. PMID: 23813814Free PMC Article
Cowpox/catpox infection.
Vestey JP, Yirrell DL, Aldridge RD
Br J Dermatol 1991 Jan;124(1):74-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb03285.x. PMID: 1847067

Clinical prediction guides

EPIPOX: A Resource Facilitating Epitope-Vaccine Design Against Human Pathogenic Orthopoxviruses.
Ballesteros-Sanabria L, Pelaez-Prestel HF, Reche PA, Lafuente EM
Methods Mol Biol 2023;2673:175-185. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3239-0_12. PMID: 37258914
Evaluation and clinical validation of monkeypox (mpox) virus real-time PCR assays.
Mills MG, Juergens KB, Gov JP, McCormick CJ, Sampoleo R, Kachikis A, Amory JK, Fang FC, Pérez-Osorio AC, Lieberman NAP, Greninger AL
J Clin Virol 2023 Feb;159:105373. Epub 2022 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105373. PMID: 36603329Free PMC Article
Mutagenic repair of double-stranded DNA breaks in vaccinia virus genomes requires cellular DNA ligase IV activity in the cytosol.
Luteijn RD, Drexler I, Smith GL, Lebbink RJ, Wiertz EJHJ
J Gen Virol 2018 Jun;99(6):790-804. Epub 2018 Apr 20 doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001034. PMID: 29676720Free PMC Article
A small molecule screen in yeast identifies inhibitors targeting protein-protein interactions within the vaccinia virus replication complex.
Flusin O, Saccucci L, Contesto-Richefeu C, Hamdi A, Bardou C, Poyot T, Peinnequin A, Crance JM, Colas P, Iseni F
Antiviral Res 2012 Nov;96(2):187-95. Epub 2012 Aug 2 doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.07.010. PMID: 22884885
The smallpox vaccine and postvaccinal encephalitis.
Roos KL, Eckerman NL
Semin Neurol 2002 Mar;22(1):95-8. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-33052. PMID: 12170398

Recent systematic reviews

Mpox gastrointestinal manifestations: a systematic review.
Ramakrishnan R, Shenoy A, Madhavan R, Meyer D
BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2024 Jan 6;11(1) doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001266. PMID: 38184298Free PMC Article

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