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Croup

MedGen UID:
3668
•Concept ID:
C0010380
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: acute laryngotracheitis; acute laryngotracheobronchitis; Acute Obstructive Laryngitis; acute obstructive laryngitis; croup; Croup syndrome; croup syndrome
SNOMED CT: Croup (71186008); Croup syndrome (71186008)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005722

Definition

Acute upper respiratory airways infection that results in the swelling of the larynx. It is usually caused by parainfluenza viruses. Signs include a characteristic barking cough and stridor. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCroup

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Croup: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith DK, McDermott AJ, Sullivan JF
Am Fam Physician 2018 May 1;97(9):575-580. PMID: 29763253
Viral croup: diagnosis and a treatment algorithm.
Petrocheilou A, Tanou K, Kalampouka E, Malakasioti G, Giannios C, Kaditis AG
Pediatr Pulmonol 2014 May;49(5):421-9. Epub 2014 Mar 5 doi: 10.1002/ppul.22993. PMID: 24596395
Management of croup.
Couriel JM
Arch Dis Child 1988 Nov;63(11):1305-8. doi: 10.1136/adc.63.11.1305. PMID: 3060020Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Glucocorticoids for croup in children.
Aregbesola A, Tam CM, Kothari A, Le ML, Ragheb M, Klassen TP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jan 10;1(1):CD001955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub5. PMID: 36626194Free PMC Article
Prednisolone Versus Dexamethasone for Croup: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Parker CM, Cooper MN
Pediatrics 2019 Sep;144(3) Epub 2019 Aug 15 doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3772. PMID: 31416827
Flexible bronchoscopy.
Yonker LM, Fracchia MS
Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2012;73:12-8. Epub 2012 Mar 29 doi: 10.1159/000334110. PMID: 22472222
Post-intubation croup.
Sticco SL
CRNA 1995 Aug;6(3):143-4. PMID: 7496368
Croup and related disorders.
Custer JR
Pediatr Rev 1993 Jan;14(1):19-29. doi: 10.1542/pir.14-1-19. PMID: 8498980

Diagnosis

Croup and COVID-19.
Almendra M, Pereira MP, Gonçalves CS, Bonfadini M, Brites V, Estrada JF
J Paediatr Child Health 2022 Sep;58(9):1691-1692. Epub 2022 Apr 16 doi: 10.1111/jpc.15987. PMID: 35429196Free PMC Article
Recurrent Croup.
Quraishi H, Lee DJ
Pediatr Clin North Am 2022 Apr;69(2):319-328. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2021.12.004. PMID: 35337542
Acute Upper Airway Obstruction.
Eskander A, de Almeida JR, Irish JC
N Engl J Med 2019 Nov 14;381(20):1940-1949. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1811697. PMID: 31722154
Croup: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith DK, McDermott AJ, Sullivan JF
Am Fam Physician 2018 May 1;97(9):575-580. PMID: 29763253
Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus.
Hall CB
N Engl J Med 2001 Jun 21;344(25):1917-28. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200106213442507. PMID: 11419430

Therapy

Croup.
Baiu I, Melendez E
JAMA 2019 Apr 23;321(16):1642. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.2013. PMID: 31012936
Croup: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith DK, McDermott AJ, Sullivan JF
Am Fam Physician 2018 May 1;97(9):575-580. PMID: 29763253
Croup.
Johnson DW
Am Fam Physician 2016 Sep 15;94(6):476-8. PMID: 27637124
Croup.
Johnson DW
BMJ Clin Evid 2014 Sep 29;2014 PMID: 25263284Free PMC Article
A different look at corticosteroids.
Zoorob RJ, Cender D
Am Fam Physician 1998 Aug;58(2):443-50. PMID: 9713398

Prognosis

Epiglottitis and croup.
Sobol SE, Zapata S
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2008 Jun;41(3):551-66, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.01.012. PMID: 18435998
Laryngitis--diagnosis and management.
Tulunay OE
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2008 Apr;41(2):437-51, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2007.11.012. PMID: 18328380
Acquired upper airway obstruction.
Hammer J
Paediatr Respir Rev 2004 Mar;5(1):25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2003.09.007. PMID: 15222951
Pediatric otolaryngologic emergencies.
Verghese ST, Hannallah RS
Anesthesiol Clin North Am 2001 Jun;19(2):237-56, vi. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8537(05)70227-3. PMID: 11469063
Croup and related disorders.
Custer JR
Pediatr Rev 1993 Jan;14(1):19-29. doi: 10.1542/pir.14-1-19. PMID: 8498980

Clinical prediction guides

Glucocorticoids for croup in children.
Aregbesola A, Tam CM, Kothari A, Le ML, Ragheb M, Klassen TP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jan 10;1(1):CD001955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub5. PMID: 36626194Free PMC Article
Prednisolone Versus Dexamethasone for Croup: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Parker CM, Cooper MN
Pediatrics 2019 Sep;144(3) Epub 2019 Aug 15 doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3772. PMID: 31416827
Safety of corticosteroids in young children with acute respiratory conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fernandes RM, Wingert A, Vandermeer B, Featherstone R, Ali S, Plint AC, Stang AS, Rowe BH, Johnson DW, Allain D, Klassen TP, Hartling L
BMJ Open 2019 Aug 1;9(8):e028511. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028511. PMID: 31375615Free PMC Article
Viral croup.
Knutson D, Aring A
Am Fam Physician 2004 Feb 1;69(3):535-40. PMID: 14971835
Adult croup.
Tong MC, Chu MC, Leighton SE, van Hasselt CA
Chest 1996 Jun;109(6):1659-62. doi: 10.1378/chest.109.6.1659. PMID: 8769531Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Glucocorticoids for croup in children.
Aregbesola A, Tam CM, Kothari A, Le ML, Ragheb M, Klassen TP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jan 10;1(1):CD001955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub5. PMID: 36626194Free PMC Article
The landscape of extrapulmonary manifestations of human parainfluenza viruses: A systematic narrative review.
Farahmand M, Shatizadeh Malekshahi S, Jabbari MR, Shayestehpour M
Microbiol Immunol 2021 Jan;65(1):1-9. Epub 2020 Dec 31 doi: 10.1111/1348-0421.12865. PMID: 33270253
Safety of corticosteroids in young children with acute respiratory conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fernandes RM, Wingert A, Vandermeer B, Featherstone R, Ali S, Plint AC, Stang AS, Rowe BH, Johnson DW, Allain D, Klassen TP, Hartling L
BMJ Open 2019 Aug 1;9(8):e028511. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028511. PMID: 31375615Free PMC Article
Using Glucocorticoids to Treat Croup in Children.
Newsom C
Am J Nurs 2019 Aug;119(8):21. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000577416.29823.41. PMID: 31356322
Croup.
Johnson DW
BMJ Clin Evid 2014 Sep 29;2014 PMID: 25263284Free PMC Article

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