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Pygmy

MedGen UID:: 376605
•Concept ID:: C1849524
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonym:	PYGMY, AFRICAN

OMIM®:	265850

Clinical features

From HPO

Short stature

MedGen UID:: 87607
•Concept ID:: C0349588
•: Finding

A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).

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Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis

MedGen UID:: 867398
•Concept ID:: C4021768
•: Finding

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Abnormality of the endocrine system

MedGen UID:: 893021
•Concept ID:: C4025823
•: Anatomical Abnormality

An abnormality of the endocrine system.

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Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
- Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
Abnormality of the endocrine system
- Abnormality of the endocrine system
Growth abnormality
- Short stature

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Epidemiology and Genetic Variability of HHV-8/KSHV among Rural Populations and Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients in Gabon, Central Africa. Review of the Geographical Distribution of HHV-8 K1 Genotypes in Africa.

Mamimandjiami AI, Mouinga-Ondémé A, Ramassamy JL, Djuicy DD, Afonso PV, Mahé A, Lekana-Douki JB, Cassar O, Gessain A
Viruses 2021 Jan 25;13(2) doi: 10.3390/v13020175. PMID: 33503816 Free PMC Article

Diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy in a hedgehog.

Delk KW, Eshar D, Garcia E, Harkin K
J Small Anim Pract 2014 Mar;55(3):174-7. Epub 2013 Dec 23 doi: 10.1111/jsap.12169. PMID: 24372164

TT viruses (TTV) of non-human primates and their relationship to the human TTV genotypes.

Verschoor EJ, Langenhuijzen S, Heeney JL
J Gen Virol 1999 Sep;80 ( Pt 9):2491-2499. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-80-9-2491. PMID: 10501506

See all (3)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

African Pygmy Hedgehog Pediatrics.

Hinkle D, Eshar D
Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2024 May;27(2):221-227. Epub 2023 Dec 14 doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2023.11.005. PMID: 38097492

On the Bantu expansion.

Rowold DJ, Perez-Benedico D, Stojkovic O, Alfonso-Sanchez MA, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ
Gene 2016 Nov 15;593(1):48-57. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.044. PMID: 27451076

The pygmy short stature enigma.

Meazza C, Pagani S, Bozzola M
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2011 Jun;8(4):394-9. PMID: 21972779

Hazardous hedgehogs.

Rosen T
South Med J 2000 Sep;93(9):936-8. PMID: 11005362

HMGI family proteins: architectural transcription factors in mammalian development and cancer.

Zhou X, Chada K
Keio J Med 1998 Jun;47(2):73-7. doi: 10.2302/kjm.47.73. PMID: 9659816

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Diagnosis

Characterization of HMGA2 variants expands the spectrum of Silver-Russell syndrome.

Maharaj AV, Cottrell E, Thanasupawat T, Joustra SD, Triggs-Raine B, Fujimoto M, Kant SG, van der Kaay D, Clement-de Boers A, Brooks AS, Aguirre GA, Martín Del Estal I, Castilla de Cortázar Larrea MI, Massoud A, van Duyvenvoorde HA, De Bruin C, Hwa V, Klonisch T, Hombach-Klonisch S, Storr HL
JCI Insight 2024 Feb 20;9(6) doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.169425. PMID: 38516887 Free PMC Article

Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria Infections in Seemingly Healthy Children, the Rural Dzanga Sangha Region, Central African Republic.

Korzeniewski K, Bylicka-Szczepanowska E, Lass A
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Jan 19;18(2) doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020814. PMID: 33477889 Free PMC Article

Salmonellosis in Hedgehogs.

Keeble E, Koterwas B
Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2020 May;23(2):459-470. doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2020.01.011. PMID: 32327048

Hearing loss in stranded odontocete dolphins and whales.

Mann D, Hill-Cook M, Manire C, Greenhow D, Montie E, Powell J, Wells R, Bauer G, Cunningham-Smith P, Lingenfelser R, DiGiovanni R Jr, Stone A, Brodsky M, Stevens R, Kieffer G, Hoetjes P
PLoS One 2010 Nov 3;5(11):e13824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013824. PMID: 21072206 Free PMC Article

Evo-Devo of child growth III: premature juvenility as an evolutionary trade-off.

Hochberg Z
Horm Res Paediatr 2010;73(6):430-7. Epub 2010 Apr 15 doi: 10.1159/000282109. PMID: 20395652

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Therapy

Western Pygmy Rattlesnake Envenomation and Bite Management.

Zabawa LM
Cutis 2024 Oct;114(4):117-119. doi: 10.12788/cutis.1111. PMID: 39621570

The Natural History of a Pygmy Rattlesnake Bite.

Kostick N, O'Loughlin K
J Emerg Med 2021 Oct;61(4):e93-e95. Epub 2021 Jun 24 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.04.021. PMID: 34175189

From Snake Venom's Disintegrins and C-Type Lectins to Anti-Platelet Drugs.

Lazarovici P, Marcinkiewicz C, Lelkes PI
Toxins (Basel) 2019 May 27;11(5) doi: 10.3390/toxins11050303. PMID: 31137917 Free PMC Article

Hazardous hedgehogs.

Rosen T
South Med J 2000 Sep;93(9):936-8. PMID: 11005362

African pygmy hedgehog-associated salmonellosis--Washington, 1994.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995 Jun 23;44(24):462-3. PMID: 7776952

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Prognosis

Diversity in tooth eruption and life history in humans: illustration from a Pygmy population.

Ramirez Rozzi F
Sci Rep 2016 Jun 16;6:27405. doi: 10.1038/srep27405. PMID: 27305976 Free PMC Article

Architecture and functional ecology of the human gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit.

Butler EE, Dominy NJ
J Anat 2016 Apr;228(4):561-8. Epub 2015 Dec 29 doi: 10.1111/joa.12432. PMID: 26712532 Free PMC Article

Evo-Devo of child growth III: premature juvenility as an evolutionary trade-off.

Hochberg Z
Horm Res Paediatr 2010;73(6):430-7. Epub 2010 Apr 15 doi: 10.1159/000282109. PMID: 20395652

Health of Indigenous people in Africa.

Ohenjo N, Willis R, Jackson D, Nettleton C, Good K, Mugarura B
Lancet 2006 Jun 10;367(9526):1937-46. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68849-1. PMID: 16765763

Hazardous hedgehogs.

Rosen T
South Med J 2000 Sep;93(9):936-8. PMID: 11005362

See all (30)

Clinical prediction guides

On the Bantu expansion.

Rowold DJ, Perez-Benedico D, Stojkovic O, Alfonso-Sanchez MA, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ
Gene 2016 Nov 15;593(1):48-57. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.044. PMID: 27451076

Architecture and functional ecology of the human gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit.

Butler EE, Dominy NJ
J Anat 2016 Apr;228(4):561-8. Epub 2015 Dec 29 doi: 10.1111/joa.12432. PMID: 26712532 Free PMC Article

Evo-Devo of child growth III: premature juvenility as an evolutionary trade-off.

Hochberg Z
Horm Res Paediatr 2010;73(6):430-7. Epub 2010 Apr 15 doi: 10.1159/000282109. PMID: 20395652

Population differences in the human functional olfactory repertoire.

Gilad Y, Lancet D
Mol Biol Evol 2003 Mar;20(3):307-14. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msg013. PMID: 12644552

The high mobility group protein, HMGI-C.

Goodwin G
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1998 Jul;30(7):761-6. doi: 10.1016/s1357-2725(98)00016-8. PMID: 9722980

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