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Encephalitozoonosis

MedGen UID:: 39043
•Concept ID:: C0085412
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonym:	Encephalitozoonoses
SNOMED CT:	Infection by Encephalitozoon (12825006); Encephalitozoonosis (12825006); Infection caused by Encephalitozoon (12825006)

Monarch Initiative:	MONDO:0005743

Definition

Infection with fungi of the genus encephalitozoon. Lesions commonly occur in the brain and kidney tubules. Other sites of infection in mammals are the liver; adrenal glands; optic nerves; retina; and myocardium. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVEncephalitozoonosis

Clinical finding
- Finding by Cause
  - Infection
    - Bacterial Infections and Mycoses
      - Fungal infectious disease
        Microsporidiosis
        Encephalitozoonosis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Fast Technology Analysis Enables Identification of Species and Genotypes of Latent Microsporidia Infections in Healthy Native Cameroonians.

Ndzi ES, Asonganyi T, Nkinin MB, Xiao L, Didier ES, Bowers LC, Nkinin SW, Kaneshiro ES
J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016 Mar-Apr;63(2):146-52. Epub 2015 Sep 12 doi: 10.1111/jeu.12262. PMID: 26303263 Free PMC Article

Identification of Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype III and two novel genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in swine.

Reetz J, Nöckler K, Reckinger S, Vargas MM, Weiske W, Broglia A
Parasitol Int 2009 Sep;58(3):285-92. Epub 2009 Mar 24 doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2009.03.002. PMID: 19318131

Efficacy of gamma interferon and specific antibody for treatment of microsporidiosis caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi in SCID mice.

Salát J, Jelínek J, Chmelar J, Kopecky J
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008 Jun;52(6):2169-74. Epub 2008 Mar 17 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01506-07. PMID: 18347109 Free PMC Article

See all (4)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Zoonotic Risk of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Animal-Assisted Interventions: Laboratory Strategies for the Diagnosis of Infections in Humans and Animals.

Santaniello A, Cimmino I, Dipineto L, Agognon AL, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Fioretti A, Menna LF, Oriente F
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Sep 3;18(17) doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179333. PMID: 34501921 Free PMC Article

Advancement in our understanding of immune response against Encephalitozoon infection.

Aseeja P, Shaikh Y, Bajpai A, Sirsikar P, Kalra SK
Parasite Immunol 2021 Jun;43(6):e12828. Epub 2021 Mar 18 doi: 10.1111/pim.12828. PMID: 33682117

Symptomatic respiratory Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in renal transplant recipients.

Kicia M, Szydłowicz M, Cebulski K, Jakuszko K, Piesiak P, Kowal A, Sak B, Krajewska M, Hendrich AB, Kváč M, Kopacz Ż
Int J Infect Dis 2019 Feb;79:21-25. Epub 2018 Oct 26 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.10.016. PMID: 30391325

Mammalian microsporidiosis.

Wasson K, Peper RL
Vet Pathol 2000 Mar;37(2):113-28. doi: 10.1354/vp.37-2-113. PMID: 10714640

Microsporidial disease in HIV-infected patients: a report of 42 patients and review of the literature.

Leder K, Ryan N, Spelman D, Crowe SM
Scand J Infect Dis 1998;30(4):331-8. doi: 10.1080/00365549850160594. PMID: 9817510

See all (42)

Diagnosis

A multidisciplinary review about Encephalitozoon cuniculi in a One Health perspective.

Magalhães TR, Pinto FF, Queiroga FL
Parasitol Res 2022 Sep;121(9):2463-2479. Epub 2022 Jul 16 doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07562-z. PMID: 35840730 Free PMC Article

Zoonotic Risk of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Animal-Assisted Interventions: Laboratory Strategies for the Diagnosis of Infections in Humans and Animals.

Immune response to Encephalitozoon infection review.

Valencakova A, Halanova M
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012 Jan;35(1):1-7. Epub 2011 Dec 14 doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2011.11.004. PMID: 22172576

Mammalian microsporidiosis.

Wasson K, Peper RL
Vet Pathol 2000 Mar;37(2):113-28. doi: 10.1354/vp.37-2-113. PMID: 10714640

Intestinal microsporidiosis.

Croft SL, Williams J, McGowan I
Semin Gastrointest Dis 1997 Jan;8(1):45-55. PMID: 9000501

See all (98)

Therapy

Encephalitozoon intestinalis: A new target for auranofin in a mice model.

Abou-El-Naga IF, Gaafar MR, Gomaa MM, Khedr SI, Achy SXANXAE
Med Mycol 2020 Aug 1;58(6):810-819. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myz126. PMID: 31868212

Disseminated microsporidiosis in a renal transplant recipient: case report and review of the literature.

Nagpal A, Pritt BS, Lorenz EC, Amer H, Nasr SH, Cornell LD, Iqbal S, Wilhelm MP
Transpl Infect Dis 2013 Oct;15(5):526-32. Epub 2013 Aug 15 doi: 10.1111/tid.12119. PMID: 23947513

Microsporidial AIDS cholangiopathy due to Encephalitozoon intestinalis: case report and review.

Sheikh RA, Prindiville TP, Yenamandra S, Munn RJ, Ruebner BH
Am J Gastroenterol 2000 Sep;95(9):2364-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02334.x. PMID: 11007244

Lack of in vitro antimicrosporidian activity of thalidomide.

Ridoux O, Drancourt M
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999 Sep;43(9):2305-6. doi: 10.1128/AAC.43.9.2305. PMID: 10471585 Free PMC Article

Microsporidial disease in HIV-infected patients: a report of 42 patients and review of the literature.

Leder K, Ryan N, Spelman D, Crowe SM
Scand J Infect Dis 1998;30(4):331-8. doi: 10.1080/00365549850160594. PMID: 9817510

See all (41)

Prognosis

Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Extraintestinal Microsporidiosis in Bird Owners.

Kicia M, Zajączkowska Ż, Kváč M, Cebulski K, Holubová N, Wencel P, Mayer L, Wesołowska M, Sak B
Emerg Infect Dis 2022 Mar;28(3):705-708. doi: 10.3201/eid2803.211556. PMID: 35202528 Free PMC Article

Dual infection of urinary tract with Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon cuniculi in HIV/AIDS patients.

Wesołowska M, Szetela B, Kicia M, Kopacz Ż, Sak B, Rymer W, Kváč M, Sałamatin R
Ann Parasitol 2019;65(1):77-81. doi: 10.17420/ap6501.185. PMID: 31127886

Evaluation of Immunoflourescence antibody assay for the detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis.

Ghoshal U, Khanduja S, Pant P, Ghoshal UC
Parasitol Res 2016 Oct;115(10):3709-13. Epub 2016 May 20 doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-5130-2. PMID: 27206656

Serological survey for antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits in Taiwan.

Tee KY, Kao JP, Chiu HY, Chang MH, Wang JH, Tung KC, Cheng FP, Wu JT
Vet Parasitol 2011 Dec 29;183(1-2):68-71. Epub 2011 Jun 24 doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.06.011. PMID: 21757294

Disseminated infection due to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in a patient with AIDS: case report and review.

Fournier S, Liguory O, Sarfati C, David-Ouaknine F, Derouin F, Decazes JM, Molina JM
HIV Med 2000 Jul;1(3):155-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-1293.2000.00022.x. PMID: 11737344

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Clinical prediction guides

Seroprevalence of antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis in humans and animals.

Malčeková B, Halánová M, Sulínová Z, Molnár L, Ravaszová P, Adam J, Halán M, Valocký I, Baranovič M
Res Vet Sci 2010 Dec;89(3):358-61. Epub 2010 Apr 1 doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.03.020. PMID: 20362311

Lack of in vitro antimicrosporidian activity of thalidomide.

Ridoux O, Drancourt M
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999 Sep;43(9):2305-6. doi: 10.1128/AAC.43.9.2305. PMID: 10471585 Free PMC Article

Workup of gastrointestinal microsporidiosis.

Conteas CN, Didier ES, Berlin OG
Dig Dis 1997 Nov-Dec;15(6):330-45. doi: 10.1159/000171609. PMID: 9439898

Bovine leukemia virus-induced clinical signs and morphological changes of encephalitozoonosis in rabbits.

Levkut M, Lesník F, Bálent P, Zajac V, Korim P, Sláviková K
Folia Parasitol (Praha) 1997;44(4):249-54. PMID: 9437837

Immunologic and molecular characteristics of Encephalitozoon-like microsporidia isolated from humans and rabbits indicate that Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a zoonotic parasite.

Deplazes P, Mathis A, Baumgartner R, Tanner I, Weber R
Clin Infect Dis 1996 Mar;22(3):557-9. doi: 10.1093/clinids/22.3.557. PMID: 8852978

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