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Vaginismus

MedGen UID:
412150
•Concept ID:
C2004487
•
Disease or Syndrome; Finding
Synonyms: Colpospasm; Myalgia of pelvic floor; myalgia of pelvic floor; Pelvic floor myalgia; Spasm of vaginal muscles at intercourse; Vaginal spasm; vaginismus; Vaginospasm; Vulvismus
SNOMED CT: Vaginospasm (79012001); Colpospasm (79012001); Vulvismus (79012001); Vaginal spasm (79012001); Spasm of vaginal muscles at intercourse (79012001)
 
HPO: HP:0030017
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0021723

Definition

Recurrent or persistent involuntary spasms of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with vaginal penetration, and which causes personal distress. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVVaginismus

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Clinical assessment and management of vaginismus.
Chalmers KJ
Aust J Gen Pract 2024 Jan-Feb;53(1-2):37-41. doi: 10.31128/AJGP/06-23-6870. PMID: 38316477
Pelvic floor physical therapy in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women.
Wallace SL, Miller LD, Mishra K
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2019 Dec;31(6):485-493. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000584. PMID: 31609735
Vaginismus: a review of the literature on the classification/diagnosis, etiology and treatment.
Lahaie MA, Boyer SC, Amsel R, Khalifé S, Binik YM
Womens Health (Lond) 2010 Sep;6(5):705-19. doi: 10.2217/whe.10.46. PMID: 20887170

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Evidence for increased tone or overactivity of pelvic floor muscles in pelvic health conditions: a systematic review.
Worman RS, Stafford RE, Cowley D, Prudencio CB, Hodges PW
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023 Jun;228(6):657-674.e91. Epub 2022 Oct 28 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.10.027. PMID: 37272325
Vaginismus, Dyspareunia and Abuse History: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Tetik S, Yalçınkaya Alkar Ö
J Sex Med 2021 Sep;18(9):1555-1570. Epub 2021 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.004. PMID: 34366265
Dyspareunia in Women.
Hill DA, Taylor CA
Am Fam Physician 2021 May 15;103(10):597-604. PMID: 33983001
Botulinum injections for myofascial pelvic pain.
Jha S, Toozs-Hobson P, Roper JC, Gurung S, Brair A, Bach F
Int Urogynecol J 2021 May;32(5):1151-1156. Epub 2020 Jul 21 doi: 10.1007/s00192-020-04435-w. PMID: 32696187
Interventions for vaginismus.
Melnik T, Hawton K, McGuire H
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 Dec 12;12(12):CD001760. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001760.pub2. PMID: 23235583Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Clinical assessment and management of vaginismus.
Chalmers KJ
Aust J Gen Pract 2024 Jan-Feb;53(1-2):37-41. doi: 10.31128/AJGP/06-23-6870. PMID: 38316477
Vaginismus, Dyspareunia and Abuse History: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Tetik S, Yalçınkaya Alkar Ö
J Sex Med 2021 Sep;18(9):1555-1570. Epub 2021 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.004. PMID: 34366265
Dyspareunia in Women.
Hill DA, Taylor CA
Am Fam Physician 2021 May 15;103(10):597-604. PMID: 33983001
Vaginismus: a review of the literature on the classification/diagnosis, etiology and treatment.
Lahaie MA, Boyer SC, Amsel R, Khalifé S, Binik YM
Womens Health (Lond) 2010 Sep;6(5):705-19. doi: 10.2217/whe.10.46. PMID: 20887170
Diagnosing and managing vaginismus.
Crowley T, Goldmeier D, Hiller J
BMJ 2009 Jun 18;338:b2284. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2284. PMID: 19541697

Therapy

Clinical assessment and management of vaginismus.
Chalmers KJ
Aust J Gen Pract 2024 Jan-Feb;53(1-2):37-41. doi: 10.31128/AJGP/06-23-6870. PMID: 38316477
Vulvodynia.
Shah M, Hoffstetter S
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2014 Sep;41(3):453-64. Epub 2014 Jul 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2014.05.005. PMID: 25155125
Interventions for vaginismus.
Melnik T, Hawton K, McGuire H
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 Dec 12;12(12):CD001760. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001760.pub2. PMID: 23235583Free PMC Article
Vaginismus: a review of the literature on the classification/diagnosis, etiology and treatment.
Lahaie MA, Boyer SC, Amsel R, Khalifé S, Binik YM
Womens Health (Lond) 2010 Sep;6(5):705-19. doi: 10.2217/whe.10.46. PMID: 20887170
Botulinum toxin for urogenital conditions.
Eccleston KJ, Woolley PD
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Dec;19(12):797-9. doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008255. PMID: 19050206

Prognosis

Pelvic Pain in Transgender People Using Testosterone Therapy.
Zwickl S, Burchill L, Wong AFQ, Leemaqz SY, Cook T, Angus LM, Eshin K, Elder CV, Grover SR, Zajac JD, Cheung AS
LGBT Health 2023 Apr;10(3):179-190. Epub 2023 Jan 4 doi: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0187. PMID: 36603056Free PMC Article
The Neurobiology and Psychiatric Perspective of Vaginismus: Linking the Pharmacological and Psycho-Social Interventions.
Kadir ZS, Sidi H, Kumar J, Das S, Midin M, Baharuddin N
Curr Drug Targets 2018;19(8):916-926. doi: 10.2174/1389450118666170222153908. PMID: 28228081
Botox treatment for vaginismus.
Pacik PT
Plast Reconstr Surg 2009 Dec;124(6):455e-456e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181bf7f11. PMID: 19952618
Connections between primary vaginismus and procreation: some observations from clinical practice.
Drenth JJ, Andriessen S, Heringa MP, Mourits MJ, van de Wiel HB, Weijmar Schultz WC
J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1996 Dec;17(4):195-201. doi: 10.3109/01674829609025683. PMID: 8997685
Vaginismus: a review.
Fertel NS
J Sex Marital Ther 1977 Summer;3(2):113-21. doi: 10.1080/00926237708402976. PMID: 881738

Clinical prediction guides

Evidence for increased tone or overactivity of pelvic floor muscles in pelvic health conditions: a systematic review.
Worman RS, Stafford RE, Cowley D, Prudencio CB, Hodges PW
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023 Jun;228(6):657-674.e91. Epub 2022 Oct 28 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.10.027. PMID: 37272325
Vaginismus, Dyspareunia and Abuse History: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Tetik S, Yalçınkaya Alkar Ö
J Sex Med 2021 Sep;18(9):1555-1570. Epub 2021 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.004. PMID: 34366265
Botulinum injections for myofascial pelvic pain.
Jha S, Toozs-Hobson P, Roper JC, Gurung S, Brair A, Bach F
Int Urogynecol J 2021 May;32(5):1151-1156. Epub 2020 Jul 21 doi: 10.1007/s00192-020-04435-w. PMID: 32696187
Outcome of Medical and Psychosexual Interventions for Vaginismus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Maseroli E, Scavello I, Rastrelli G, Limoncin E, Cipriani S, Corona G, Fambrini M, Magini A, Jannini EA, Maggi M, Vignozzi L
J Sex Med 2018 Dec;15(12):1752-1764. Epub 2018 Nov 13 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.10.003. PMID: 30446469
Connections between primary vaginismus and procreation: some observations from clinical practice.
Drenth JJ, Andriessen S, Heringa MP, Mourits MJ, van de Wiel HB, Weijmar Schultz WC
J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1996 Dec;17(4):195-201. doi: 10.3109/01674829609025683. PMID: 8997685

Recent systematic reviews

Evidence for increased tone or overactivity of pelvic floor muscles in pelvic health conditions: a systematic review.
Worman RS, Stafford RE, Cowley D, Prudencio CB, Hodges PW
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023 Jun;228(6):657-674.e91. Epub 2022 Oct 28 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.10.027. PMID: 37272325
Vaginismus, Dyspareunia and Abuse History: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Tetik S, Yalçınkaya Alkar Ö
J Sex Med 2021 Sep;18(9):1555-1570. Epub 2021 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.004. PMID: 34366265
Interventions for vaginismus.
Melnik T, Hawton K, McGuire H
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 Dec 12;12(12):CD001760. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001760.pub2. PMID: 23235583Free PMC Article
Interventions for vaginismus.
McGuire H, Hawton K
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(1):CD001760. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001760. PMID: 12535412
Interventions for vaginismus.
McGuire H, Hawton K
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(2):CD001760. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001760. PMID: 11406006

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