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Extrapyramidal disease

MedGen UID:
41927
•Concept ID:
C0015371
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Extrapyramidal Disorder; Extrapyramidal Disorders
SNOMED CT: Extrapyramidal disease (76349003); Extrapyramidal disorder (76349003)

Definition

A movement disorder caused by defects in the basal ganglia. The clinical manifestations include changes in the muscle tone, dyskinesia, and akinesia. Causes include vascular disorders, degenerative disorders, and antipsychotic drugs. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment of dysautonomia in extrapyramidal disorders.
Ziemssen T, Fuchs G, Greulich W, Reichmann H, Schwarz M, Herting B
J Neurol 2011 May;258(Suppl 2):S339-45. doi: 10.1007/s00415-011-5946-8. PMID: 21560066
The pathogensis and medical treatment of extrapyramidal disease.
Calne DB, Eisler T
Med Clin North Am 1979 Jul;63(4):715-27. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31670-4. PMID: 157413
L-Dopa and the treatment of extrapyramidal disease.
Pelton EW 2nd, Chase TN
Adv Pharmacol Chemother 1975;13:253-304. doi: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60233-1. PMID: 1106161

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6.
Rentiya Z, Hutnik R, Mekkam YQ, Bae J
Cerebellum 2020 Jun;19(3):459-464. doi: 10.1007/s12311-020-01120-y. PMID: 32125675
The safety of quetiapine: results of a post-marketing surveillance study on 1728 patients in England.
Twaites BR, Wilton LV, Shakir SA
J Psychopharmacol 2007 Jun;21(4):392-9. doi: 10.1177/0269881107073257. PMID: 17656426
Decreased striatal monoaminergic terminals in olivopontocerebellar atrophy and multiple system atrophy demonstrated with positron emission tomography.
Gilman S, Frey KA, Koeppe RA, Junck L, Little R, Vander Borght TM, Lohman M, Martorello S, Lee LC, Jewett DM, Kilbourn MR
Ann Neurol 1996 Dec;40(6):885-92. doi: 10.1002/ana.410400610. PMID: 9007093
Magnetoelectrical stimulation of motor cortex in children with motor disturbances.
Müller K, Hömberg V, Aulich A, Lenard HG
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1992 Apr;85(2):86-94. doi: 10.1016/0168-5597(92)90073-k. PMID: 1373370
[3H]spiperone binding to lymphocyte in extrapyramidal disease and in aging.
Członkowska A, Jachowicz-Jeszka J, Członkowski A
Brain Behav Immun 1987 Sep;1(3):197-203. doi: 10.1016/0889-1591(87)90022-5. PMID: 2975511

Diagnosis

A brief history of brain iron accumulation in Parkinson disease and related disorders.
Foley PB, Hare DJ, Double KL
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022 Jun;129(5-6):505-520. Epub 2022 May 9 doi: 10.1007/s00702-022-02505-5. PMID: 35534717Free PMC Article
The Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6.
Rentiya Z, Hutnik R, Mekkam YQ, Bae J
Cerebellum 2020 Jun;19(3):459-464. doi: 10.1007/s12311-020-01120-y. PMID: 32125675
Treatment of dysautonomia in extrapyramidal disorders.
Ziemssen T, Fuchs G, Greulich W, Reichmann H, Schwarz M, Herting B
J Neurol 2011 May;258(Suppl 2):S339-45. doi: 10.1007/s00415-011-5946-8. PMID: 21560066
Intrafamilial variability in Machado-Joseph disease.
Subramony SH, Currier RD
Mov Disord 1996 Nov;11(6):741-3. doi: 10.1002/mds.870110625. PMID: 8914106
Magnetoelectrical stimulation of motor cortex in children with motor disturbances.
Müller K, Hömberg V, Aulich A, Lenard HG
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1992 Apr;85(2):86-94. doi: 10.1016/0168-5597(92)90073-k. PMID: 1373370

Therapy

The safety of quetiapine: results of a post-marketing surveillance study on 1728 patients in England.
Twaites BR, Wilton LV, Shakir SA
J Psychopharmacol 2007 Jun;21(4):392-9. doi: 10.1177/0269881107073257. PMID: 17656426
Intrafamilial variability in Machado-Joseph disease.
Subramony SH, Currier RD
Mov Disord 1996 Nov;11(6):741-3. doi: 10.1002/mds.870110625. PMID: 8914106
[3H]spiperone binding to lymphocyte in extrapyramidal disease and in aging.
Członkowska A, Jachowicz-Jeszka J, Członkowski A
Brain Behav Immun 1987 Sep;1(3):197-203. doi: 10.1016/0889-1591(87)90022-5. PMID: 2975511
The pathogensis and medical treatment of extrapyramidal disease.
Calne DB, Eisler T
Med Clin North Am 1979 Jul;63(4):715-27. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31670-4. PMID: 157413
L-Dopa and the treatment of extrapyramidal disease.
Pelton EW 2nd, Chase TN
Adv Pharmacol Chemother 1975;13:253-304. doi: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60233-1. PMID: 1106161

Prognosis

Hereditary causes of disturbed iron homeostasis in the central nervous system.
Ponka P
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004 Mar;1012:267-81. doi: 10.1196/annals.1306.022. PMID: 15105272
Rare causes of hereditary iron overload.
Ponka P
Semin Hematol 2002 Oct;39(4):249-62. doi: 10.1053/shem.2002.35638. PMID: 12382200
Neuroanatomical and cognitive correlates of adult age differences in acquisition of a perceptual-motor skill.
Raz N, Williamson A, Gunning-Dixon F, Head D, Acker JD
Microsc Res Tech 2000 Oct 1;51(1):85-93. doi: 10.1002/1097-0029(20001001)51:1<85::AID-JEMT9>3.0.CO;2-0. PMID: 11002356
Dysphagia in progressive supranuclear palsy: radiologic features.
Leopold NA, Kagel MC
Dysphagia 1997 Summer;12(3):140-3. doi: 10.1007/PL00009528. PMID: 9190099
Dystonic foot response of Parkinsonism.
Nausieda PA, Weiner WJ, Klawans HL
Arch Neurol 1980 Mar;37(3):132-6. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1980.00500520030003. PMID: 7356417

Clinical prediction guides

A brief history of brain iron accumulation in Parkinson disease and related disorders.
Foley PB, Hare DJ, Double KL
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022 Jun;129(5-6):505-520. Epub 2022 May 9 doi: 10.1007/s00702-022-02505-5. PMID: 35534717Free PMC Article
Treatment of dysautonomia in extrapyramidal disorders.
Ziemssen T, Fuchs G, Greulich W, Reichmann H, Schwarz M, Herting B
J Neurol 2011 May;258(Suppl 2):S339-45. doi: 10.1007/s00415-011-5946-8. PMID: 21560066
Hereditary causes of disturbed iron homeostasis in the central nervous system.
Ponka P
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004 Mar;1012:267-81. doi: 10.1196/annals.1306.022. PMID: 15105272
Rare causes of hereditary iron overload.
Ponka P
Semin Hematol 2002 Oct;39(4):249-62. doi: 10.1053/shem.2002.35638. PMID: 12382200
Dystonic foot response of Parkinsonism.
Nausieda PA, Weiner WJ, Klawans HL
Arch Neurol 1980 Mar;37(3):132-6. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1980.00500520030003. PMID: 7356417

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