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Transudative pleural effusion

MedGen UID:
42535
•Concept ID:
C0020312
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Hydrothorax
SNOMED CT: Hydrothorax (79231000); Pleural effusion with transudate (79231000)
 
HPO: HP:0011920

Definition

A type of pleural effusion with a transudate (extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity). Pleural effusions can be classified as transudates or exudates based on Light's criteria, which classify an effusion as exudate if one or more of the following are present [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVTransudative pleural effusion

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnostic Accuracy of Drop Hydrogen Peroxide Test as a Novel Bedside Diagnostic Test to Differentiate Transudative and Exudative Pleural Effusion Against Light's Criteria.
Vaidya N , Sapkota P , Chaurasia S , Thapa B , Bhandari N , Bhattarai I
Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022 Jan-Mar;20(77):93-96. PMID: 36273299
Characteristics of pleural effusions in systemic lupus erythematosus: differential diagnosis of lupus pleuritis.
Choi BY, Yoon MJ, Shin K, Lee YJ, Song YW
Lupus 2015 Mar;24(3):321-6. Epub 2014 Oct 15 doi: 10.1177/0961203314555171. PMID: 25318967
The Light criteria: the beginning and why they are useful 40 years later.
Light RW
Clin Chest Med 2013 Mar;34(1):21-6. Epub 2013 Jan 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2012.11.006. PMID: 23411053

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

A retrospective analysis of transudative pleural effusion due to fibrosing mediastinitis.
Yu YX, An L, Ma ZH, Shi HZ, Yang YH
J Cardiothorac Surg 2024 Jul 26;19(1):467. doi: 10.1186/s13019-024-02972-9. PMID: 39061098Free PMC Article
Role of CRP as a marker for discrimination of exudative and transudative pleural effusion.
Rismantab O, Moosavi SAJ, Farahnak MR, Dastoorpoor M, Raji H
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2022 Mar 14;92(4) doi: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2059. PMID: 35293196
Clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of valproate-induced pleural effusion.
Tryfon S, Papadopoulou E, Saroglou M, Vlachopoulos D, Georgopoulou A, Serasli E, Ismailos G
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021 Oct;59(10):869-876. Epub 2021 Jul 14 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1945081. PMID: 34259092
The role of pleural fluid thiol/disulphide homoeostasis in the differentiation between transudative and exudative pleural effusions.
Gormeli Kurt N, Gokhan S, Erel O, Gunes C, Kahraman AF, Ozhasenekler A
Int J Clin Pract 2021 Apr;75(4):e14051. Epub 2021 Feb 5 doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14051. PMID: 33492739
Thrombin Upregulates PAI-1 and Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through PAR-1 and Contributes to Tuberculous Pleural Fibrosis.
Hsieh CY, Sheu JR, Yang CH, Chen WL, Tsai JH, Chung CL
Int J Mol Sci 2019 Oct 13;20(20) doi: 10.3390/ijms20205076. PMID: 31614900Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

The Light criteria: the beginning and why they are useful 40 years later.
Light RW
Clin Chest Med 2013 Mar;34(1):21-6. Epub 2013 Jan 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2012.11.006. PMID: 23411053
Unilateral urinothorax can occur contralateral to the affected kidney.
Dimitriadis G, Tahmatzopoulos A, Kampantais S, Ioannidis S, Radopoulos D, Katsikas V
Scand J Urol 2013 Jun;47(3):242-3. Epub 2012 Jun 25 doi: 10.3109/00365599.2012.695391. PMID: 22725633
Hepatic hydrothorax.
Krok KL, Cárdenas A
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2012 Feb;33(1):3-10. Epub 2012 Mar 23 doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1301729. PMID: 22447255
Pleural diseases.
Light RW
Dis Mon 1992 May;38(5):266-331. doi: 10.1016/0011-5029(92)90007-c. PMID: 1572232
Transudative pleural effusions.
Chetty KG
Clin Chest Med 1985 Mar;6(1):49-54. PMID: 3847301

Therapy

Clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of valproate-induced pleural effusion.
Tryfon S, Papadopoulou E, Saroglou M, Vlachopoulos D, Georgopoulou A, Serasli E, Ismailos G
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021 Oct;59(10):869-876. Epub 2021 Jul 14 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1945081. PMID: 34259092
Pulmonary Complications of Portal Hypertension.
Cartin-Ceba R, Krowka MJ
Clin Liver Dis 2019 Nov;23(4):683-711. Epub 2019 Aug 9 doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2019.06.003. PMID: 31563218
Unilateral urinothorax can occur contralateral to the affected kidney.
Dimitriadis G, Tahmatzopoulos A, Kampantais S, Ioannidis S, Radopoulos D, Katsikas V
Scand J Urol 2013 Jun;47(3):242-3. Epub 2012 Jun 25 doi: 10.3109/00365599.2012.695391. PMID: 22725633
Hepatic hydrothorax.
Krok KL, Cárdenas A
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2012 Feb;33(1):3-10. Epub 2012 Mar 23 doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1301729. PMID: 22447255
Transudative pleural effusions.
Chetty KG
Clin Chest Med 1985 Mar;6(1):49-54. PMID: 3847301

Prognosis

Role of CRP as a marker for discrimination of exudative and transudative pleural effusion.
Rismantab O, Moosavi SAJ, Farahnak MR, Dastoorpoor M, Raji H
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2022 Mar 14;92(4) doi: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2059. PMID: 35293196
Clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of valproate-induced pleural effusion.
Tryfon S, Papadopoulou E, Saroglou M, Vlachopoulos D, Georgopoulou A, Serasli E, Ismailos G
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021 Oct;59(10):869-876. Epub 2021 Jul 14 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1945081. PMID: 34259092
Diagnostic Accuracy of Thoracic Ultrasonography to Differentiate Transudative From Exudative Pleural Effusion.
Shkolnik B, Judson MA, Austin A, Hu K, D'Souza M, Zumbrunn A, Huggins JT, Yucel R, Chopra A
Chest 2020 Aug;158(2):692-697. Epub 2020 Mar 17 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.051. PMID: 32194059
Thrombin Upregulates PAI-1 and Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through PAR-1 and Contributes to Tuberculous Pleural Fibrosis.
Hsieh CY, Sheu JR, Yang CH, Chen WL, Tsai JH, Chung CL
Int J Mol Sci 2019 Oct 13;20(20) doi: 10.3390/ijms20205076. PMID: 31614900Free PMC Article
Siblings with lethal primary pulmonary hypoplasia and compound heterozygous variants in the AARS2 gene: further delineation of the phenotypic spectrum.
Kiraly-Borri C, Jevon G, Ji W, Jeffries L, Ricciardi JL, Konstantino M, Ackerman KG, Lakhani SA
Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019 Jun;5(3) Epub 2019 Jun 3 doi: 10.1101/mcs.a003699. PMID: 30819764Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Role of CRP as a marker for discrimination of exudative and transudative pleural effusion.
Rismantab O, Moosavi SAJ, Farahnak MR, Dastoorpoor M, Raji H
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2022 Mar 14;92(4) doi: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2059. PMID: 35293196
Diagnostic Accuracy of Thoracic Ultrasonography to Differentiate Transudative From Exudative Pleural Effusion.
Shkolnik B, Judson MA, Austin A, Hu K, D'Souza M, Zumbrunn A, Huggins JT, Yucel R, Chopra A
Chest 2020 Aug;158(2):692-697. Epub 2020 Mar 17 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.051. PMID: 32194059
Exhaled matrix metalloproteinase-9 in lung cancer.
Carpagnano GE, Palladino GP, Martinelli D, Lacedonia D, Orlando S, Foschino-Barbaro MP
Rejuvenation Res 2012 Aug;15(4):359-65. doi: 10.1089/rej.2011.1254. PMID: 22877564
Sonographic appearances in transudative pleural effusions: not always an anechoic pattern.
Chen HJ, Tu CY, Ling SJ, Chen W, Chiu KL, Hsia TC, Shih CM, Hsu WH
Ultrasound Med Biol 2008 Mar;34(3):362-9. Epub 2007 Nov 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.09.009. PMID: 17996356
What is the clinical significance of transudative malignant pleural effusion?
Ryu JS, Ryu ST, Kim YS, Cho JH, Lee HL
Korean J Intern Med 2003 Dec;18(4):230-3. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2003.18.4.230. PMID: 14717231Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Vascular endothelial growth factor levels in tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N
PLoS One 2022;17(5):e0268543. Epub 2022 May 25 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268543. PMID: 35613134Free PMC Article
Clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of valproate-induced pleural effusion.
Tryfon S, Papadopoulou E, Saroglou M, Vlachopoulos D, Georgopoulou A, Serasli E, Ismailos G
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021 Oct;59(10):869-876. Epub 2021 Jul 14 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1945081. PMID: 34259092
Refractory pleural effusion as a rare complication of pulmonary vascular stenosis induced by fibrosing mediastinitis: a case report and literature review.
Yang S, Wang J, Li J, Huang K, Yang Y
J Int Med Res 2021 May;49(5):3000605211010073. doi: 10.1177/03000605211010073. PMID: 33947262Free PMC Article

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