U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Microtropia

MedGen UID:
543296
Concept ID:
C0271356
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Microstrabismus
SNOMED CT: Microstrabismus (28633004); Microtropia (28633004)
 
HPO: HP:0031724

Definition

A small angle heterotropia (usually of 10 diopters or less) in which a form of binocular single vision occurs. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Strabismus, susceptibility to
MedGen UID:
350026
Concept ID:
C1861449
Finding
Strabismus, a misalignment of the eyes also referred to as 'squint,' is one of the most common ocular disorders in humans, affecting 1 to 4% of the population. It is frequently associated with amblyopia (uniocular visual neglect) (Parikh et al., 2003). Strabismus is also a feature of several syndromes, including congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (see, e.g., CFEOM1; 135700), Duane retraction syndrome (126800), and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia with myopathy (530000).

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Beardsell R, Clarke S, Hill M
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1999 Jan-Feb;36(1):19-24. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19990101-05. PMID: 9972510
Lang J
Br J Ophthalmol 1974 Mar;58(3):281-92. doi: 10.1136/bjo.58.3.281. PMID: 4834601Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Garretty T
Strabismus 2021 Jun;29(2):81-85. Epub 2021 Apr 22 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2021.1914675. PMID: 33886409
Lysons D, Tapley J
Strabismus 2018 Sep;26(3):118-121. Epub 2018 Jul 30 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2018.1503308. PMID: 30060696
García-García MÁ, Belda JI, Schargel K, Santos MJ, Ruiz-Colecha J, Rey C, García-García P, Mompean B
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2018 May 1;55(3):171-177. Epub 2018 Jan 31 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20171026-01. PMID: 29384563
Repka M, Simons K, Kraker R; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group
Am J Ophthalmol 2010 Aug;150(2):270-4. Epub 2010 May 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.01.040. PMID: 20451898Free PMC Article
de Decker W, de Decker Dannheim E, Backheuer U
Strabismus 2008;16(4):145-8. doi: 10.1080/09273970802450895. PMID: 19089759

Diagnosis

García-García MÁ, Belda JI, Schargel K, Santos MJ, Ruiz-Colecha J, Rey C, García-García P, Mompean B
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2018 May 1;55(3):171-177. Epub 2018 Jan 31 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20171026-01. PMID: 29384563
de Decker W, de Decker Dannheim E, Backheuer U
Strabismus 2008;16(4):145-8. doi: 10.1080/09273970802450895. PMID: 19089759
Lang J
Int Ophthalmol 1983 Jan;6(1):33-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00137371. PMID: 6826290
Setayesh AR, Khodadoust AA, Daryani SM
Arch Ophthalmol 1978 Oct;96(10):1842-7. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1978.03910060354012. PMID: 697621
Lang J
Arch Ophthalmol 1969 Jun;81(6):758-62. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1969.00990010760002. PMID: 5783747

Therapy

Birch EE, Jost RM, Kelly KR, Leffler JN, Dao L, Beauchamp CL
Optom Vis Sci 2020 May;97(5):316-323. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001514. PMID: 32413002Free PMC Article
Repka M, Simons K, Kraker R; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group
Am J Ophthalmol 2010 Aug;150(2):270-4. Epub 2010 May 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.01.040. PMID: 20451898Free PMC Article
Rowe F, Noonan C
Strabismus 2009 Oct-Dec;17(4):139-42. doi: 10.3109/09273970903303860. PMID: 20001507
Kushner BJ
Am J Ophthalmol 2009 Jun;147(6):1082-5, 1085.e1. Epub 2009 Mar 14 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.01.005. PMID: 19285655
Lang J
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1988;226(2):137-40. doi: 10.1007/BF02173301. PMID: 3360339

Prognosis

Ibironke JO
Optometry 2011 Nov;82(11):657-61. Epub 2011 Sep 10 doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2011.02.020. PMID: 21908238
de Decker W, de Decker Dannheim E, Backheuer U
Strabismus 2008;16(4):145-8. doi: 10.1080/09273970802450895. PMID: 19089759
Matsuo T, Kawaishi Y, Kuroda R, Ohtsuki H, Watanabe Y
Jpn J Ophthalmol 2003 Sep-Oct;47(5):507-11. doi: 10.1016/s0021-5155(03)00105-9. PMID: 12967869
Tomaç S
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2002 Jul-Aug;39(4):226-30. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-20020701-11. PMID: 12148556
Shauly Y, Prager TC, Mazow ML
Am J Ophthalmol 1994 Feb 15;117(2):183-9. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)73075-2. PMID: 8037793

Clinical prediction guides

Birch EE, Jost RM, Kelly KR, Leffler JN, Dao L, Beauchamp CL
Optom Vis Sci 2020 May;97(5):316-323. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001514. PMID: 32413002Free PMC Article
García-García MÁ, Belda JI, Schargel K, Santos MJ, Ruiz-Colecha J, Rey C, García-García P, Mompean B
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2018 May 1;55(3):171-177. Epub 2018 Jan 31 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20171026-01. PMID: 29384563
Speeg-Schatz C, Burgun P, Gottenkiene S
Eur J Ophthalmol 2017 May 11;27(3):285-288. Epub 2017 Mar 27 doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000947. PMID: 28362053
Ingram RM, Gill LE, Goldacre MJ
Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 1994;253:41-56. PMID: 7633630
von Noorden GK, Wong SY
Ophthalmology 1986 Aug;93(8):1028-31. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(86)33626-1. PMID: 3763149

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...