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Rectocele

MedGen UID:
57445
Concept ID:
C0149771
Acquired Abnormality; Finding
Synonyms: Proctocele; Proctoceles; Rectoceles
SNOMED CT: Herniation of rectum into vagina (447072005); Rectovaginal prolapse (447072005); Rectovaginal hernia (447072005); Female rectocele (447072005); Female proctocele (447072005)
 
HPO: HP:0100822

Definition

A Rectocele results from a tear in the rectovaginal septum (which is normally a tough, fibrous, sheet-like divider between the rectum and vagina). Rectal tissue bulges through this tear and into the vagina as a hernia. There are two main causes of this tear [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVRectocele

Conditions with this feature

Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type 1d
MedGen UID:
1857168
Concept ID:
C5935602
Disease or Syndrome
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type ID (ARCL1D) is characterized by facial dysmorphism, joint hypermobility, muscle hypotonia, and multiple severe herniations, including inguinal, ventral, diaphragmatic, sciatic, and obturator, as well as large diverticula of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder. The skin is thin and translucent with easy bruising; the degree of laxity is variable and progresses with age in some patients (Megarbane et al., 2012; Bizzari et al., 2020; Driver et al., 2020; Verlee et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive cutis laxa, see ARCL1A (219100).

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Bunni J, Laugharne MJ
Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023 Feb 2;408(1):75. doi: 10.1007/s00423-023-02755-1. PMID: 36729157
Pizzoferrato AC, Thuillier C, Vénara A, Bornsztein N, Bouquet S, Cayrac M, Cornillet-Bernard M, Cotelle O, Cour F, Cretinon S, De Reilhac P, Loriau J, Pellet F, Perrouin-Verbe MA, Pourcelot AG, Revel-Delhom C, Steenstrup B, Vogel T, Le Normand L, Fritel X
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2023 Mar;52(3):102535. Epub 2023 Jan 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102535. PMID: 36657614
Brito LG
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2016 Nov;38(11):529-530. Epub 2016 Sep 1 doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1592154. PMID: 27583689Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Pizzoferrato AC, Thuillier C, Vénara A, Bornsztein N, Bouquet S, Cayrac M, Cornillet-Bernard M, Cotelle O, Cour F, Cretinon S, De Reilhac P, Loriau J, Pellet F, Perrouin-Verbe MA, Pourcelot AG, Revel-Delhom C, Steenstrup B, Vogel T, Le Normand L, Fritel X
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2023 Mar;52(3):102535. Epub 2023 Jan 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102535. PMID: 36657614
Guzman-Negron JM, Fascelli M, Vasavada SP
Urol Clin North Am 2019 Feb;46(1):79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2018.08.007. PMID: 30466705
Hedrick TL, Friel CM
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2013 Dec;42(4):863-76. Epub 2013 Nov 6 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2013.09.004. PMID: 24280404
Arezzo A, Pescatori M
Ann Ital Chir 2009 Jul-Aug;80(4):261-6. PMID: 19967883
Rodríguez LV, Raz S
Curr Opin Urol 2001 Jul;11(4):423-8. doi: 10.1097/00042307-200107000-00015. PMID: 11429505

Diagnosis

Pizzoferrato AC, Thuillier C, Vénara A, Bornsztein N, Bouquet S, Cayrac M, Cornillet-Bernard M, Cotelle O, Cour F, Cretinon S, De Reilhac P, Loriau J, Pellet F, Perrouin-Verbe MA, Pourcelot AG, Revel-Delhom C, Steenstrup B, Vogel T, Le Normand L, Fritel X
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2023 Mar;52(3):102535. Epub 2023 Jan 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102535. PMID: 36657614
Dimitriou N, Shah V, Stark D, Mathew R, Miller AS, Yeung JM
Womens Health (Lond) 2015 Jul;11(4):485-500. Epub 2015 Aug 4 doi: 10.2217/whe.15.25. PMID: 26238417
Van Geluwe B, Wolthuis A, D'Hoore A
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014 Feb;28(1):69-80. Epub 2013 Dec 4 doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.11.009. PMID: 24485256
Hedrick TL, Friel CM
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2013 Dec;42(4):863-76. Epub 2013 Nov 6 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2013.09.004. PMID: 24280404
Lukacz ES, Luber KM
Curr Urol Rep 2002 Oct;3(5):418-22. doi: 10.1007/s11934-002-0088-2. PMID: 12354354

Therapy

Siff LN, Barber MD
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2016 Mar;43(1):69-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2015.10.003. PMID: 26880509
Dimitriou N, Shah V, Stark D, Mathew R, Miller AS, Yeung JM
Womens Health (Lond) 2015 Jul;11(4):485-500. Epub 2015 Aug 4 doi: 10.2217/whe.15.25. PMID: 26238417
Van Geluwe B, Wolthuis A, D'Hoore A
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014 Feb;28(1):69-80. Epub 2013 Dec 4 doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.11.009. PMID: 24485256
Hedrick TL, Friel CM
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2013 Dec;42(4):863-76. Epub 2013 Nov 6 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2013.09.004. PMID: 24280404
Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, Schmid C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Apr 30;(4):CD004014. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004014.pub5. PMID: 23633316

Prognosis

Ferrari L, Cuinas K, Hainsworth A, Darakhshan A, Schizas A, Kelleher C, Williams AB
Tech Coloproctol 2023 Oct;27(10):859-866. Epub 2023 May 22 doi: 10.1007/s10151-023-02822-1. PMID: 37212926
Zimmermann EF, Hayes RS, Daniels IR, Smart NJ, Warwick AM
ANZ J Surg 2017 Oct;87(10):773-779. Epub 2017 Sep 4 doi: 10.1111/ans.14068. PMID: 28871666
Arezzo A, Pescatori M
Ann Ital Chir 2009 Jul-Aug;80(4):261-6. PMID: 19967883
Woodruff AJ, Roth CC, Winters JC
Curr Urol Rep 2007 Sep;8(5):399-404. doi: 10.1007/s11934-007-0038-0. PMID: 17880840
Khubchandani IT, Sheets JA, Stasik JJ, Hakki AR
Dis Colon Rectum 1983 Dec;26(12):792-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02554752. PMID: 6641461

Clinical prediction guides

Ferrari L, Cuinas K, Hainsworth A, Darakhshan A, Schizas A, Kelleher C, Williams AB
Tech Coloproctol 2023 Oct;27(10):859-866. Epub 2023 May 22 doi: 10.1007/s10151-023-02822-1. PMID: 37212926
Pizzoferrato AC, Thuillier C, Vénara A, Bornsztein N, Bouquet S, Cayrac M, Cornillet-Bernard M, Cotelle O, Cour F, Cretinon S, De Reilhac P, Loriau J, Pellet F, Perrouin-Verbe MA, Pourcelot AG, Revel-Delhom C, Steenstrup B, Vogel T, Le Normand L, Fritel X
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2023 Mar;52(3):102535. Epub 2023 Jan 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102535. PMID: 36657614
Van Geluwe B, Stuto A, Da Pozzo F, Fieuws S, Meurette G, Lehur PA, D'Hoore A
Acta Chir Belg 2014 May-Jun;114(3):189-97. doi: 10.1080/00015458.2014.11681007. PMID: 25102709
Nygaard I, Barber MD, Burgio KL, Kenton K, Meikle S, Schaffer J, Spino C, Whitehead WE, Wu J, Brody DJ; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network
JAMA 2008 Sep 17;300(11):1311-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.11.1311. PMID: 18799443Free PMC Article
Bolog N, Weishaupt D
Rom J Gastroenterol 2005 Sep;14(3):293-302. PMID: 16200243

Recent systematic reviews

Ramage L, Simillis C, Yen C, Lutterodt C, Qiu S, Tan E, Kontovounisios C, Tekkis P
Tech Coloproctol 2017 Dec;21(12):915-927. Epub 2017 Nov 1 doi: 10.1007/s10151-017-1704-y. PMID: 29094218
Mercer-Jones M, Grossi U, Pares D, Vollebregt PF, Mason J, Knowles CH; NIHR CapaCiTY working group; Pelvic floor Society
Colorectal Dis 2017 Sep;19 Suppl 3:49-72. doi: 10.1111/codi.13772. PMID: 28960928
Zimmermann EF, Hayes RS, Daniels IR, Smart NJ, Warwick AM
ANZ J Surg 2017 Oct;87(10):773-779. Epub 2017 Sep 4 doi: 10.1111/ans.14068. PMID: 28871666
Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, Schmid C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Apr 30;(4):CD004014. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004014.pub5. PMID: 23633316
Yurteri-Kaplan LA, Gutman RE
Plast Reconstr Surg 2012 Nov;130(5 Suppl 2):242S-253S. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31826154e4. PMID: 23096979

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