U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Bone Malalignment

MedGen UID:
60102
•Concept ID:
C0206231
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Bone Malalignments; Bone Malposition; Bone Malpositions; Bone Misalignment; Bone Misalignments; Malalignment, Bone; Malposition, Bone; Misalignment, Bone

Definition

Displacement of bones out of line in relation to joints. It may be congenital or traumatic in origin. [from MeSH]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Surgical treatment of complex meniscus tear and disease: state of the art.
Ozeki N, Seil R, Krych AJ, Koga H
J ISAKOS 2021 Jan;6(1):35-45. Epub 2020 Sep 17 doi: 10.1136/jisakos-2019-000380. PMID: 33833044
Management of Pediatric Femoral Neck Fracture.
Patterson JT, Tangtiphaiboontana J, Pandya NK
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2018 Jun 15;26(12):411-419. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00362. PMID: 29781820
Management of patellar malalignment.
Kettelkamp DB
J Bone Joint Surg Am 1981 Oct;63(8):1344-8. PMID: 7026568

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.
MacDessi SJ, Griffiths-Jones W, Harris IA, Bellemans J, Chen DB
Bone Joint J 2021 Feb;103-B(2):329-337. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1050.R1. PMID: 33517740Free PMC Article
Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee.
Rossi R, Rosso F, Cottino U, Dettoni F, Bonasia DE, Bruzzone M
Int Orthop 2014 Feb;38(2):273-83. Epub 2013 Dec 24 doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-2227-4. PMID: 24366186Free PMC Article
Rapidly progressive osteoarthritis: biomechanical considerations.
Walker EA, Davis D, Mosher TJ
Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2011 May;19(2):283-94. doi: 10.1016/j.mric.2011.02.008. PMID: 21665091
Supramalleolar osteotomy.
Rush SM
Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2009 Apr;26(2):245-57. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2008.12.008. PMID: 19389597
Biomechanics of malalignment.
Chao EY, Neluheni EV, Hsu RW, Paley D
Orthop Clin North Am 1994 Jul;25(3):379-86. PMID: 8028881

Diagnosis

Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.
MacDessi SJ, Griffiths-Jones W, Harris IA, Bellemans J, Chen DB
Bone Joint J 2021 Feb;103-B(2):329-337. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1050.R1. PMID: 33517740Free PMC Article
Late Treatment of Syndesmotic Injuries.
Swords MP, Sands A, Shank JR
Foot Ankle Clin 2017 Mar;22(1):65-75. Epub 2016 Dec 21 doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2016.09.005. PMID: 28167065
Malalignment Syndrome in Runners.
Schamberger W
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2016 Feb;27(1):237-317. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.08.005. PMID: 26616186
Spondylopelvic dissociation.
Sullivan MP, Smith HE, Schuster JM, Donegan D, Mehta S, Ahn J
Orthop Clin North Am 2014 Jan;45(1):65-75. Epub 2013 Oct 12 doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2013.08.002. PMID: 24267208
Patellar malalignment.
Grelsamer RP
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2000 Nov;82(11):1639-50. PMID: 11097456

Therapy

Malrotation of Long Bones.
Sullivan M, Bonilla K, Donegan D
Orthop Clin North Am 2021 Jul;52(3):215-229. Epub 2021 May 7 doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2021.03.008. PMID: 34053567
Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.
MacDessi SJ, Griffiths-Jones W, Harris IA, Bellemans J, Chen DB
Bone Joint J 2021 Feb;103-B(2):329-337. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1050.R1. PMID: 33517740Free PMC Article
Two-Stage Varus Correction.
Steginsky B, Haddad SL
Foot Ankle Clin 2019 Jun;24(2):281-304. Epub 2019 Apr 6 doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2019.02.012. PMID: 31036269
Coronal Malalignment in the Adult Knee.
Uquillas C, Rossy W, Strauss E
Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) 2017 Jan;75(1):81-87. PMID: 28236624
Spondylopelvic dissociation.
Sullivan MP, Smith HE, Schuster JM, Donegan D, Mehta S, Ahn J
Orthop Clin North Am 2014 Jan;45(1):65-75. Epub 2013 Oct 12 doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2013.08.002. PMID: 24267208

Prognosis

Not all knees are the same.
MacDessi SJ, van de Graaf VA, Wood JA, Griffiths-Jones W, Bellemans J, Chen DB
Bone Joint J 2024 Jun 1;106-B(6):525-531. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.106B6.BJJ-2023-1292.R1. PMID: 38821506
Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.
MacDessi SJ, Griffiths-Jones W, Harris IA, Bellemans J, Chen DB
Bone Joint J 2021 Feb;103-B(2):329-337. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1050.R1. PMID: 33517740Free PMC Article
Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee.
Rossi R, Rosso F, Cottino U, Dettoni F, Bonasia DE, Bruzzone M
Int Orthop 2014 Feb;38(2):273-83. Epub 2013 Dec 24 doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-2227-4. PMID: 24366186Free PMC Article
Supramalleolar osteotomy.
Rush SM
Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2009 Apr;26(2):245-57. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2008.12.008. PMID: 19389597
Three-ligament tenodesis for the treatment of scapholunate dissociation: indications and surgical technique.
Garcia-Elias M, Lluch AL, Stanley JK
J Hand Surg Am 2006 Jan;31(1):125-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.10.011. PMID: 16443117

Clinical prediction guides

Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.
MacDessi SJ, Griffiths-Jones W, Harris IA, Bellemans J, Chen DB
Bone Joint J 2021 Feb;103-B(2):329-337. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1050.R1. PMID: 33517740Free PMC Article
Unstable trochanteric fractures: Issues and avoiding pitfalls.
Babhulkar S
Injury 2017 Apr;48(4):803-818. Epub 2017 Feb 27 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.02.022. PMID: 28284469
Does Malrotation of the Tibial and Femoral Components Compromise Function in Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Nedopil AJ, Howell SM, Hull ML
Orthop Clin North Am 2016 Jan;47(1):41-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2015.08.006. PMID: 26614919
Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee.
Rossi R, Rosso F, Cottino U, Dettoni F, Bonasia DE, Bruzzone M
Int Orthop 2014 Feb;38(2):273-83. Epub 2013 Dec 24 doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-2227-4. PMID: 24366186Free PMC Article
Rapidly progressive osteoarthritis: biomechanical considerations.
Walker EA, Davis D, Mosher TJ
Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2011 May;19(2):283-94. doi: 10.1016/j.mric.2011.02.008. PMID: 21665091

Recent systematic reviews

Malalignment and malposition of quadriceps-sparing approach in primary total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yuan FZ, Wang SJ, Zhou ZX, Yu JK, Jiang D
J Orthop Surg Res 2017 Sep 6;12(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s13018-017-0627-7. PMID: 28874195Free PMC Article
High Rates of Return to Sports Activities and Work After Osteotomies Around the Knee: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Hoorntje A, Witjes S, Kuijer PPFM, Koenraadt KLM, van Geenen RCI, Daams JG, Getgood A, Kerkhoffs GMMJ
Sports Med 2017 Nov;47(11):2219-2244. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0726-y. PMID: 28401426Free PMC Article
Meta-analysis of gap balancing versus measured resection techniques in total knee arthroplasty.
Huang T, Long Y, George D, Wang W
Bone Joint J 2017 Feb;99-B(2):151-158. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.99B2.BJJ-2016-0042.R2. PMID: 28148655
Neglected Monteggia fracture dislocations in children: a systematic review.
Goyal T, Arora SS, Banerjee S, Kandwal P
J Pediatr Orthop B 2015 May;24(3):191-9. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000147. PMID: 25714935
The sinus tarsi approach in displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a systematic review.
Schepers T
Int Orthop 2011 May;35(5):697-703. Epub 2011 Feb 19 doi: 10.1007/s00264-011-1223-9. PMID: 21336854Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...