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Vulvar lichen sclerosus

MedGen UID:
7228
•Concept ID:
C0022783
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Kraurosis Vulvae; Lichen Sclerosus of Vulva; Lichen Sclerosus, Vulvar; Sclerosus, Vulvar Lichen; Vulva Lichen Sclerosus; Vulvae, Kraurosis; Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
SNOMED CT: Leukoplakia of vulva (198380007); Kraurosis of vulva (895491007); Kraurosis vulvae (895491007); Lichen sclerosus of female external genitalia (895491007); Lichen sclerosus of vulva (895491007)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0006491

Definition

The presence of hyperkeratotic white patches on the vulvar epithelium. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVVulvar lichen sclerosus

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Patients with vulvar lichen sclerosus prioritize education on disease etiology, triggers and treatment.
Parks EA, Zaino ML, Pixley JN, Subramanian VM, Sirdeshmukh D, Feldman SR, Pichardo RO
J Dermatolog Treat 2023 Oct 30;34(1):2262632. Epub 2023 Oct 31 doi: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2262632. PMID: 37905436
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650
Intradermal injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus.
Goldstein AT, King M, Runels C, Gloth M, Pfau R
J Am Acad Dermatol 2017 Jan;76(1):158-160. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.07.037. PMID: 27986140

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650
Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.
Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078Free PMC Article
Postmenopausal vulval disease.
Olsson A, Selva-Nayagam P, Oehler MK
Menopause Int 2008 Dec;14(4):169-72. doi: 10.1258/mi.2008.008030. PMID: 19037066
Lichen sclerosus.
Heymann WR
J Am Acad Dermatol 2007 Apr;56(4):683-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.11.031. PMID: 17367620

Diagnosis

Vulvar lichen sclerosus and vitiligo: Overlap and clinical features.
Esse I, Rodriguez KH, Kassels A, Shiu J, Kraus CN
J Am Acad Dermatol 2023 Oct;89(4):839-841. Epub 2023 Jun 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.06.016. PMID: 37328003
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus.
Kraus CN
JAMA Dermatol 2022 Sep 1;158(9):1088. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.0359. PMID: 35793083
Vulvar lichen sclerosus.
Cleminson K, Baxter ML
CMAJ 2021 Oct 12;193(40):E1572. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.210448. PMID: 34642161Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650
Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.
Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078Free PMC Article

Therapy

Vulvar lichen sclerosus.
Cleminson K, Baxter ML
CMAJ 2021 Oct 12;193(40):E1572. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.210448. PMID: 34642161Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650
Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.
Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078Free PMC Article
Clobetasol propionate--where, when, why?
Pels R, Sterry W, Lademann J
Drugs Today (Barc) 2008 Jul;44(7):547-57. doi: 10.1358/dot.2008.44.7.1122221. PMID: 18806904
Lichen sclerosus.
Friedrich EG Jr
J Reprod Med 1976 Sep;17(3):147-54. PMID: 135083

Prognosis

Association of Vulvar Melanoma with Lichen Sclerosus.
Hieta N, Kurki S, Rintala M, Söderlund J, Hietanen S, Orte K
Acta Derm Venereol 2019 Mar 1;99(3):339-340. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3103. PMID: 30521058
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650
Vulvar dermatosis.
Moyal-Barracco M, Wendling J
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2014 Oct;28(7):946-58. Epub 2014 Jul 18 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.07.005. PMID: 25132276
Paediatric vulval lichen sclerosus.
Smith SD, Fischer G
Australas J Dermatol 2009 Nov;50(4):243-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2009.00530.x. PMID: 19916966
Lichen sclerosus.
Heymann WR
J Am Acad Dermatol 2007 Apr;56(4):683-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.11.031. PMID: 17367620

Clinical prediction guides

Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Clinical Severity Scales and Histopathologic Correlation: A Case Series.
Pyle HJ, Evans JC, Vandergriff TW, Mauskar MM
Am J Dermatopathol 2023 Aug 1;45(8):588-592. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002471. PMID: 37462209
Pediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus: Does it resolve or does it persist after menarche?
Boero V, Cavalli R, Caia C, Berrettini A, Cetera GE, Monti E, Barbara G, Albertini GC, Restelli E, Libutti G, Motta T, Lazzari C, Vercellini P
Pediatr Dermatol 2023 May-Jun;40(3):472-475. Epub 2023 Mar 30 doi: 10.1111/pde.15308. PMID: 36998082
A microRNA signature to predict risk progression of vulvar lichen sclerosus to squamous cell carcinoma.
Borghi A, D'Abundo L, Bassi C, Lupini L, Tagliatti V, Zedde P, Lanza G, Gafà R, Negrini M, Corazza M
Br J Dermatol 2023 Apr 20;188(5):680-681. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljad024. PMID: 36738251
Vulvar vitiligo and lichen sclerosus in children: A clinical challenge.
Veronesi G, Virdi A, Leuzzi M, Gurioli C, Chessa MA, Guglielmo A, Neri I
Pediatr Dermatol 2021 Sep;38(5):1012-1019. Epub 2021 Sep 24 doi: 10.1111/pde.14771. PMID: 34561885
Lichen sclerosus with enlarged vessels: A variant of lichen sclerosus in young girls.
Di Altobrando A, Patrizi A, Bassi A, Virdi A, Besagni F, Sacchelli L, Neri I
Pediatr Dermatol 2021 Jan;38(1):318-319. Epub 2020 Nov 10 doi: 10.1111/pde.14436. PMID: 33170517

Recent systematic reviews

A systematic review of laser therapy for vulvar skin conditions.
Kim K, Desai M, Elsensohn A, Kraus CN
J Am Acad Dermatol 2023 May;88(5):1200-1201. Epub 2023 Jan 11 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.01.003. PMID: 36639033
Lichen Sclerosus and Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pope R, Lee MH, Myers A, Song J, Abou Ghayda R, Kim JY, Hong SH, Lee SB, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Shin JI
J Sex Med 2022 Nov;19(11):1616-1624. Epub 2022 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.07.011. PMID: 36115787
Vulvar vitiligo and lichen sclerosus in children: A clinical challenge.
Veronesi G, Virdi A, Leuzzi M, Gurioli C, Chessa MA, Guglielmo A, Neri I
Pediatr Dermatol 2021 Sep;38(5):1012-1019. Epub 2021 Sep 24 doi: 10.1111/pde.14771. PMID: 34561885
Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681
Photodynamic Therapy for Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus-A Systematic Review.
Prodromidou A, Chatziioannou E, Daskalakis G, Stergios K, Pergialiotis V
J Low Genit Tract Dis 2018 Jan;22(1):58-65. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000362. PMID: 29271859

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