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Malocclusion, Angle class II

MedGen UID:
811364
•Concept ID:
C3714535
•
Anatomical Abnormality
Synonyms: Angle Class II; Class II, Angle; Malocclusion, Angle Class II
SNOMED CT: Malocclusion, Angle class II (109501002); Angle class II occlusion (109501002)

Definition

Malocclusion in which the mandible is posterior to the maxilla as reflected by the relationship of the first permanent molar (distoclusion). [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMalocclusion, Angle class II

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Class II functional orthopaedic treatment: a systematic review of systematic reviews.
D'Antò V, Bucci R, Franchi L, Rongo R, Michelotti A, Martina R
J Oral Rehabil 2015 Aug;42(8):624-42. Epub 2015 Mar 31 doi: 10.1111/joor.12295. PMID: 25824331
Class II malocclusion treatment using high-pull headgear with a splint: a systematic review.
Jacob HB, Buschang PH, dos Santos-Pinto A
Dental Press J Orthod 2013 Mar 15;18(2):21.e1-7. doi: 10.1590/s2176-94512013000200009. PMID: 23916449
Planning treatment in high angle Class II malocclusion.
Rubin RM
Angle Orthod 1975 Jan;45(1):43-54. doi: 10.1043/0003-3219(1975)045<0043:PTIHCI>2.0.CO;2. PMID: 1054932

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Predictability of anterior open bite treatment with Invisalign.
Blundell HL, Weir T, Byrne G
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023 Nov;164(5):674-681. Epub 2023 Jun 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.04.017. PMID: 37330726
Should we recommend early overjet reduction to prevent dental trauma?
Cobourne MT, DiBiase AT, Seehra J, Papageorgiou SN
Br Dent J 2022 Sep;233(5):387-390. Epub 2022 Sep 9 doi: 10.1038/s41415-022-4916-0. PMID: 36085463Free PMC Article
A comparative study between the effect of reverse curve of Spee archwires and anterior bite turbos in the treatment of deep overbite cases.
Al-Zoubi EM, Al-Nimri KS
Angle Orthod 2022 Jan 1;92(1):36-44. doi: 10.2319/020921-117.1. PMID: 34329389Free PMC Article
Vertical skeletal change associated with Andresen, Harvold, and Begg treatment.
Ball JV, Hunt NP
Eur J Orthod 1991 Feb;13(1):47-52. doi: 10.1093/ejo/13.1.47. PMID: 2032567
Etiology of malocclusion.
King DL
Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 1983;19(1):83-94. PMID: 6362743

Diagnosis

Dental anomalies in different growth and skeletal malocclusion patterns.
Fernandez CCA, Pereira CVCA, Luiz RR, Vieira AR, De Castro Costa M
Angle Orthod 2018 Mar;88(2):195-201. Epub 2017 Dec 7 doi: 10.2319/071917-482.1. PMID: 29215300Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and conservative treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite and asymmetric maxillary crowding.
Tseng LL, Chang CH, Roberts WE
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016 Apr;149(4):555-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.04.042. PMID: 27021460
Bilateral condylar resorption in down syndrome.
Grippaudo C, Grippaudo FR, Marianetti TM, Cacucci L, Deli R, Pelo S
J Craniofac Surg 2014 Nov;25(6):e580-2. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000001019. PMID: 25376143
Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle.
Antoniades K, Hadjipetrou L, Antoniades V, Paraskevopoulos K
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004 Apr;97(4):535-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.09.003. PMID: 15088041
Differential diagnostic analysis system.
Merrifield LL, Klontz HA, Vaden JL
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994 Dec;106(6):641-8. doi: 10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70090-7. PMID: 7977211

Therapy

Efficiency of maxillary total arch distalization using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) for treatment of Class II-malocclusions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Raghis TR, Alsulaiman TMA, Mahmoud G, Youssef M
Int Orthod 2022 Sep;20(3):100666. Epub 2022 Jul 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100666. PMID: 35871982
Frankel 2 appliance versus the Modified Twin Block appliance for Phase 1 treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion in children and adolescents: A randomized clinical trial.
Campbell C, Millett D, Kelly N, Cooke M, Cronin M
Angle Orthod 2020 Mar;90(2):202-208. Epub 2019 Oct 15 doi: 10.2319/042419-290.1. PMID: 31613144Free PMC Article
Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents.
Batista KB, Thiruvenkatachari B, Harrison JE, O'Brien KD
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Mar 13;3(3):CD003452. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003452.pub4. PMID: 29534303Free PMC Article
Outcomes in a 2-phase randomized clinical trial of early Class II treatment.
Tulloch JF, Proffit WR, Phillips C
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004 Jun;125(6):657-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.02.008. PMID: 15179390
Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 1: Dental and skeletal effects.
O'Brien K, Wright J, Conboy F, Sanjie Y, Mandall N, Chadwick S, Connolly I, Cook P, Birnie D, Hammond M, Harradine N, Lewis D, McDade C, Mitchell L, Murray A, O'Neill J, Read M, Robinson S, Roberts-Harry D, Sandler J, Shaw I
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003 Sep;124(3):234-43; quiz 339. doi: 10.1016/S0889540603003524. PMID: 12970656

Prognosis

Treatment of asymmetrical class II malocclusion in adult patients.
Park J, Boyd RL, Bauter N, Bittner Eberle M, Lecornu ML, Dischinger T
J Clin Orthod 2015 Jan;49(1):16-27. PMID: 25702690
Bilateral condylar resorption in down syndrome.
Grippaudo C, Grippaudo FR, Marianetti TM, Cacucci L, Deli R, Pelo S
J Craniofac Surg 2014 Nov;25(6):e580-2. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000001019. PMID: 25376143
Relapse revisited--again.
Dyer KC, Vaden JL, Harris EF
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012 Aug;142(2):221-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.03.030. PMID: 22858332
Centrographic analysis of 1-phase versus 2-phase treatment for Class II malocclusion.
Dolce C, Schader RE, McGorray SP, Wheeler TT
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005 Aug;128(2):195-200. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.04.028. PMID: 16102404
Ultimate anchorage control.
Bae SM, Park HS, Kyung HM, Sung JH
Tex Dent J 2002 Jul;119(7):580-91. PMID: 12138530

Clinical prediction guides

A simple prediction method for "surgery first" treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusions.
Khattab TZ, Lutfi F, Alzarif W, Almallah D, Alawad T
J Clin Orthod 2024 Jul;58(7):428-438. PMID: 39191519
Predictability of anterior open bite treatment with Invisalign.
Blundell HL, Weir T, Byrne G
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023 Nov;164(5):674-681. Epub 2023 Jun 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.04.017. PMID: 37330726
Class II malocclusion correction with Invisalign: Is it possible?
Patterson BD, Foley PF, Ueno H, Mason SA, Schneider PP, Kim KB
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021 Jan;159(1):e41-e48. Epub 2020 Nov 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.08.016. PMID: 33223374
Diagnosis and conservative treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite and asymmetric maxillary crowding.
Tseng LL, Chang CH, Roberts WE
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016 Apr;149(4):555-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.04.042. PMID: 27021460
Predicting functional appliance treatment outcome in Class II malocclusions--a review.
Barton S, Cook PA
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997 Sep;112(3):282-6. doi: 10.1016/S0889-5406(97)70257-9. PMID: 9294357

Recent systematic reviews

Orthodontic camouflage versus orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment in borderline class III malocclusion: a systematic review.
Alhammadi MS, Almashraqi AA, Khadhi AH, Arishi KA, Alamir AA, Beleges EM, Halboub E
Clin Oral Investig 2022 Nov;26(11):6443-6455. Epub 2022 Sep 13 doi: 10.1007/s00784-022-04685-6. PMID: 36098813Free PMC Article
Prevalence of Orthodontic Malocclusions in Healthy Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
De Ridder L, Aleksieva A, Willems G, Declerck D, Cadenas de Llano-Pérula M
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Jun 17;19(12) doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127446. PMID: 35742703Free PMC Article
Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review.
Alhammadi MS, Halboub E, Fayed MS, Labib A, El-Saaidi C
Dental Press J Orthod 2018 Nov-Dec;23(6):40.e1-40.e10. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.6.40.e1-10.onl. PMID: 30672991Free PMC Article
Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents.
Batista KB, Thiruvenkatachari B, Harrison JE, O'Brien KD
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Mar 13;3(3):CD003452. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003452.pub4. PMID: 29534303Free PMC Article
Correction of Class II malocclusion with Class II elastics: a systematic review.
Janson G, Sathler R, Fernandes TM, Branco NC, Freitas MR
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013 Mar;143(3):383-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.10.015. PMID: 23452973

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