From HPO
Cryptorchidism- MedGen UID:
- 8192
- •Concept ID:
- C0010417
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).
Abnormality of the hand- MedGen UID:
- 6715
- •Concept ID:
- C0018564
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality affecting one or both hands.
Talipes- MedGen UID:
- 220976
- •Concept ID:
- C1301937
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A deformity of foot and ankle that has different subtypes that are talipes equinovarus, talipes equinovalgus, talipes calcaneovarus and talipes calcaneovalgus.
Ventricular septal defect- MedGen UID:
- 42366
- •Concept ID:
- C0018818
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.
Tetralogy of Fallot- MedGen UID:
- 21498
- •Concept ID:
- C0039685
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
People with CCHD have one or more specific heart defects. The heart defects classified as CCHD include coarctation of the aorta, double-outlet right ventricle, D-transposition of the great arteries, Ebstein anomaly, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, interrupted aortic arch, pulmonary atresia with intact septum, single ventricle, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, and truncus arteriosus.\n\nEach of the heart defects associated with CCHD affects the flow of blood into, out of, or through the heart. Some of the heart defects involve structures within the heart itself, such as the two lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) or the valves that control blood flow through the heart. Others affect the structure of the large blood vessels leading into and out of the heart (including the aorta and pulmonary artery). Still others involve a combination of these structural abnormalities.\n\nSome people with treated CCHD have few related health problems later in life. However, long-term effects of CCHD can include delayed development and reduced stamina during exercise. Adults with these heart defects have an increased risk of abnormal heart rhythms, heart failure, sudden cardiac arrest, stroke, and premature death.\n\nAlthough babies with CCHD may appear healthy for the first few hours or days of life, signs and symptoms soon become apparent. These can include an abnormal heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur), rapid breathing (tachypnea), low blood pressure (hypotension), low levels of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia), and a blue or purple tint to the skin caused by a shortage of oxygen (cyanosis). If untreated, CCHD can lead to shock, coma, and death. However, most people with CCHD now survive past infancy due to improvements in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment.\n\nCritical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a term that refers to a group of serious heart defects that are present from birth. These abnormalities result from problems with the formation of one or more parts of the heart during the early stages of embryonic development. CCHD prevents the heart from pumping blood effectively or reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. As a result, organs and tissues throughout the body do not receive enough oxygen, which can lead to organ damage and life-threatening complications. Individuals with CCHD usually require surgery soon after birth.
Aortic arch interruption- MedGen UID:
- 57773
- •Concept ID:
- C0152419
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Non-continuity of the arch of aorta with an atretic point or absent segment.
Double aortic arch- MedGen UID:
- 488819
- •Concept ID:
- C0265883
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A conenital abnormality of the aortic arch in which the two embryonic aortc arches form a vascular ring that surrounds the trachea or esophagus and then join to form the descending aorta. Double aortic arch can cause symptoms because of compression of the esophagus (dysphagia, cyanosis while eating) or trachea (stridor).
Pulmonary artery atresia- MedGen UID:
- 82723
- •Concept ID:
- C0265908
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A congenital anomaly with a narrowing or complete absence of the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
Right aortic arch with mirror image branching- MedGen UID:
- 871216
- •Concept ID:
- C4025695
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
The aortic arch crosses the right mainstem bronchus and not the left mainstem bronchus, but does not result in the creation of a vascular ring. The first branch is the left brachiocephalic artery which divides into the left carotid artery and left subclavian artery, the second branch is the right carotid artery, the third branch is the right subclavian artery.
Short stature- MedGen UID:
- 87607
- •Concept ID:
- C0349588
- •
- Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Ear malformation- MedGen UID:
- 75618
- •Concept ID:
- C0266589
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of the ear.
Aggressive behavior- MedGen UID:
- 1375
- •Concept ID:
- C0001807
- •
- Individual Behavior
Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires).
Emotional lability- MedGen UID:
- 39319
- •Concept ID:
- C0085633
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Unstable emotional experiences and frequent mood changes; emotions that are easily aroused, intense, and/or disproportionate to events and circumstances.
Paranoia- MedGen UID:
- 306130
- •Concept ID:
- C1456784
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
The feeling and belief that one is being targeted or is a focus of negative or untoward actions, overt or covert, from others. The affected individual expresses a concern that people are in general against the individual and are engaging in subtle behaviors to make things difficult for them. The origins of such thinking may arise from real events and become amplified over time. Paranoia may also arise in the absence of any action or interaction between the person and their environment.
Intellectual disability- MedGen UID:
- 811461
- •Concept ID:
- C3714756
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Specific learning disability- MedGen UID:
- 871302
- •Concept ID:
- C4025790
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Impairment of certain skills such as reading or writing, coordination, self-control, or attention that interfere with the ability to learn. The impairment is not related to a global deficiency of intelligence.
Inguinal hernia- MedGen UID:
- 6817
- •Concept ID:
- C0019294
- •
- Finding
Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Umbilical hernia- MedGen UID:
- 9232
- •Concept ID:
- C0019322
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall musculature around the umbilicus. Skin and subcutaneous tissue overlie the defect.
Hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 10133
- •Concept ID:
- C0026827
- •
- Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Retrognathia- MedGen UID:
- 19766
- •Concept ID:
- C0035353
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly.
Microcephaly- MedGen UID:
- 1644158
- •Concept ID:
- C4551563
- •
- Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Unilateral primary pulmonary dysgenesis- MedGen UID:
- 867233
- •Concept ID:
- C4021592
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Recurrent infections- MedGen UID:
- 65998
- •Concept ID:
- C0239998
- •
- Finding
Increased susceptibility to infections.
Impaired T cell function- MedGen UID:
- 395415
- •Concept ID:
- C1860127
- •
- Cell or Molecular Dysfunction
Abnormally reduced ability of T cells to perform their functions in cell-mediated immunity.
Hypocalcemia- MedGen UID:
- 5705
- •Concept ID:
- C0020598
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An abnormally decreased calcium concentration in the blood.
Hypernasal speech- MedGen UID:
- 99115
- •Concept ID:
- C0454555
- •
- Finding
A type of speech characterized by the presence of an abnormally increased nasal airflow during speech associated with structural abnormality of the nasal passages.
Blepharophimosis- MedGen UID:
- 2670
- •Concept ID:
- C0005744
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
A fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures.
Isolated Pierre-Robin syndrome- MedGen UID:
- 19310
- •Concept ID:
- C0031900
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Pierre Robin sequence is a craniofacial anomaly comprising mandibular hypoplasia, cleft secondary palate, and glossoptosis leading to life-threatening obstructive apnea and feeding difficulties during the neonatal period (summary by Tan et al., 2013).
Velopharyngeal insufficiency- MedGen UID:
- 52992
- •Concept ID:
- C0042454
- •
- Finding
Inability of velopharyngeal sphincter to sufficiently separate the nasal cavity from the oral cavity during speech.
Open mouth- MedGen UID:
- 116104
- •Concept ID:
- C0240379
- •
- Finding
A facial appearance characterized by a permanently or nearly permanently opened mouth.
Bulbous nose- MedGen UID:
- 66013
- •Concept ID:
- C0240543
- •
- Finding
Increased volume and globular shape of the anteroinferior aspect of the nose.
Submucous cleft hard palate- MedGen UID:
- 98472
- •Concept ID:
- C0432103
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Hard-palate submucous clefts are characterized by bony defects in the midline of the bony palate that are covered by the mucous membrane of the roof of the mouth. It may be possible to detect a submucous cleft hard palate upon palpation as a notch in the bony palate.
Underdeveloped nasal alae- MedGen UID:
- 322332
- •Concept ID:
- C1834055
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Thinned, deficient, or excessively arched ala nasi.
Narrow palpebral fissure- MedGen UID:
- 382506
- •Concept ID:
- C2675021
- •
- Finding
Reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids.
Cleft palate- MedGen UID:
- 756015
- •Concept ID:
- C2981150
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).
Hypoparathyroidism- MedGen UID:
- 6985
- •Concept ID:
- C0020626
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A condition caused by a deficiency of parathyroid hormone characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.
Posterior embryotoxon- MedGen UID:
- 154282
- •Concept ID:
- C0546967
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A posterior embryotoxon is the presence of a prominent and anteriorly displaced line of Schwalbe.
Retinal vascular tortuosity- MedGen UID:
- 349827
- •Concept ID:
- C1860475
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
The presence of an increased number of twists and turns of the retinal blood vessels.
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
- Abnormality of the endocrine system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the immune system
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Abnormality of the respiratory system
- Abnormality of the voice
- Ear malformation
- Growth abnormality