MedGen

A form of primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with characteristics of delayed closure of the cranial sutures and fontanelles, digital clubbing, arthropathy, and periostosis. To date, about 30 cases have been reported. May also be associated with congenital heart disease. It is caused by mutations in the HPGD gene (4q33-q34) and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Underdevelopment of the musculature. [from HPO]

A genetic disorder characterized by deficiency of the enzyme long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase that metabolizes long-chain fatty acids. Signs and symptoms appear in infancy or childhood and may be triggered during fasting, illness or exercise. They include hypoglycemia, muscle weakness and lethargy. [from NCI]

Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) is one of the enzymes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid ß-oxidation. Fatty acid ß-oxidation fuels hepatic ketogenesis, which provides a major source of energy once hepatic glycogen stores become depleted during prolonged fasting and periods of higher energy demands. MCAD deficiency is the most common disorder of fatty acid ß-oxidation and one of the most common inborn errors of metabolism. Most children are now diagnosed through newborn screening. Clinical symptoms in a previously apparently healthy child with MCAD deficiency include hypoketotic hypoglycemia and vomiting that may progress to lethargy, seizures, and coma triggered by a common illness. Hepatomegaly and liver disease are often present during an acute episode. Children appear normal at birth and – if not identified through newborn screening – typically present between age three and 24 months, although presentation even as late as adulthood is possible. The prognosis is excellent once the diagnosis is established and frequent feedings are instituted to avoid any prolonged periods of fasting. [from GeneReviews]