MedGen

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the thyroid gland. [from NCI]

The presence of a carcinoma of the thyroid gland. [from HPO]

Nonmedullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) comprises thyroid cancers of follicular cell origin and accounts for more than 95% of all thyroid cancer cases. The remaining cancers originate from parafollicular cells (medullary thyroid cancer, MTC; 155240). NMTC is classified into 4 groups: papillary, follicular, Hurthle cell (607464), and anaplastic. Approximately 5% of NMTC is hereditary, occurring as a minor component of a familial cancer syndrome (e.g., familial adenomatous polyposis, 175100, Carney complex, 160980) or as a primary feature (familial NMTC or FNMTC). Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common histologic subtype of FNMTC, accounting for approximately 85% of cases (summary by Vriens et al., 2009). Follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) accounts for approximately 15% of NMTC and is defined by invasive features that result in infiltration of blood vessels and/or full penetration of the tumor capsule, in the absence of the nuclear alterations that characterize papillary carcinoma. FTC is rarely multifocal and usually does not metastasize to the regional lymph nodes but tends to spread via the bloodstream to the lung and bones. An important histologic variant of FTC is the oncocytic (Hurthle cell, oxyphilic) follicular carcinoma composed of eosinophilic cells replete with mitochondria (summary by Bonora et al., 2010). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of NMTC, see NMTC1 (188550). [from OMIM]

A neoplasm characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. [from NCI]

Inflammation of the thyroid gland. [from HPO]

A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the thyroid gland. [from HPO]

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the thyroid gland. Representative examples include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, follicular adenoma, and carcinoma. [from NCI]

A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the head and neck region with origin in the lip, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, or larynx. [from HPO]

A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the endocrine system. [from HPO]

A rare hereditary nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma characterized by the presence of differentiated thyroid cancer of follicular cell origin in two or more first-degree relatives, in the absence of other familial tumor syndromes or radiation exposure. Frequent capsular invasion is observed. Biopsy reveals multicentric tumors with multiple adenomatous nodules with or without oxyphilia and follicular or papillary carcinoma histology. [from SNOMEDCT_US]