Protein Family Models

The histidine phosphatase superfamily is so named because catalysis centres on a conserved His residue that is transiently phosphorylated during the catalytic cycle. Other conserved residues contribute to a 'phosphate pocket' and interact with the phospho group of substrate before, during and after its transfer to the His residue. Structure and sequence analyses show that different families contribute different additional residues to the 'phosphate pocket' and, more surprisingly, differ in the position, in sequence and in three dimensions, of a catalytically essential acidic residue. The superfamily may be divided into two main branches. The larger branch 1 contains a wide variety of catalytic functions, the best known being fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase (found in a bifunctional protein with 2-phosphofructokinase) and cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase. The latter is an unusual example of a mutase activity in the superfamily: the vast majority of members appear to be phosphatases. The bacterial regulatory protein phosphatase SixA is also in branch 1 and has a minimal, and possible ancestral-like structure, lacking the large domain insertions that contribute to binding of small molecules in branch 1 members. [1]. 18092946. The histidine phosphatase superfamily: structure and function. Rigden DJ;. Biochem J. 2008;409:333-348. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-10-16

Most members of this family are phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.11). This enzyme interconverts 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate. The enzyme is transiently phosphorylated on an active site histidine by 2,3-diphosphoglyerate, which is both substrate and product. Some members of this family have phosphoglycerate mutase as a minor activity and act primarily as a bisphoglycerate mutase, interconverting 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and 1,3-diphosphoglycerate (EC 5.4.2.4). This HMM is designated as a subfamily for this reason. The second and third paralogs in S. cerevisiae are somewhat divergent and apparently inactive (see PUBMED:9544241) but are also part of this subfamily phylogenetically.

Date:

2024-06-21

2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase catalyzes the interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate

Date:

2024-11-07