Protein Family Models

This entry represents the transmembrane region of the 5TM-LYT (5TM Receptors of the LytS-YhcK type) [1]. [1]. 12914674. Application of comparative genomics in the identification and analysis of novel families of membrane-associated receptors in bacteria. Anantharaman V, Aravind L;. BMC Genomics 2003;4:34. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-10-16

This family represents a region within bacterial histidine kinase enzymes. Two-component signal transduction systems such as those mediated by histidine kinase are integral parts of bacterial cellular regulatory processes, and are used to regulate the expression of genes involved in virulence [1]. Members of this family often contain Pfam:PF02518 and/or Pfam:PF00672. [1]. 12462127. Histidine kinase-mediated signal transduction systems of pathogenic microorganisms as targets for therapeutic intervention. Stephenson K, Hoch JA;. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord 2002;2:235-246. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-10-16

This family represents the structurally related ATPase domains of histidine kinase, DNA gyrase B and HSP90. [1]. 18361456. Crystal structure of a novel non-Pfam protein AF1514 from Archeoglobus fulgidus DSM 4304 solved by S-SAD using a Cr X-ray source. Li Y, Bahti P, Shaw N, Song G, Chen S, Zhang X, Zhang M, Cheng C, Yin J, Zhu JY, Zhang H, Che D, Xu H, Abbas A, Wang BC, Liu ZJ;. Proteins 2008;71:2109-13. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-10-16

This domain is present in cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases, adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, phytochromes, FhlA and NifA. Adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases catalyse ATP and GTP to the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, respectively, these products up-regulating catalytic activity by binding to the regulatory GAF domain(s). The opposite hydrolysis reaction is catalysed by phosphodiesterase. cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase catalyses the conversion of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate to guanosine 5'-phosphate. Here too, cGMP regulates catalytic activity by GAF-domain binding. Phytochromes are regulatory photoreceptors in plants and bacteria which exist in two thermally-stable states that are reversibly inter-convertible by light: the Pr state absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum, while the Pfr state absorbs maximally in the far-red region. This domain is also found in FhlA (formate hydrogen lyase transcriptional activator) and NifA, a transcriptional activator which is required for activation of most Nif operons which are directly involved in nitrogen fixation. NifA interacts with sigma-54. This domain can bind biliverdine and phycocyanobilin (Matilla et al., FEMS Microbiology Reviews, fuab043, 45, 2021, 1. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuab043). Discovery and naming of the GAF domain. [1]. 9433123. The GAF domain: an evolutionary link between diverse phototransducing proteins. Aravind L, Ponting CP;. Trends Biochem Sci 1997;22:458-459. [2]. 20004158. Cyclic nucleotide binding GAF domains from phosphodiesterases: structural and mechanistic insights. Heikaus CC, Pandit J, Klevit RE;. Structure. 2009;17:. TRUNCATED at 1650 bytes (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-10-16

sensor histidine kinase, part of a two-component regulatory system, functions as a protein kinase that phosphorylates a target protein in response to an external signal

Date:

2024-07-10

Gene:

lytS

Date:

2019-08-26