Protein Family Models

CHASE8 is a conserved periplasmic sensor domain found in histidine kinases, diguanylate cyclases/phosphodiesterases and methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, including the diguanylate cyclase DgcN (YfiN) that regulates biofilm formation and motility in Escherichia coli [1, 2]. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CHASE8 is the sensor domain in the diguanylate cyclase TpbB that regulates biofilm formation [3] by controlling the levels of extracellular DNA [4]. [1]. 19543378. Connecting quorum sensing, c-di-GMP, pel polysaccharide, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through tyrosine phosphatase TpbA (PA3885). Ueda A, Wood TK;. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5:e1000483. [2]. 26148715. Systematic Nomenclature for GGDEF and EAL Domain-Containing Cyclic Di-GMP Turnover Proteins of Escherichia coli. Hengge R, Galperin MY, Ghigo JM, Gomelsky M, Green J, Hughes KT, Jenal U, Landini P;. J Bacteriol. 2015;198:7-11. [3]. 21181144. GGDEF proteins YeaI, YedQ, and YfiN reduce early biofilm formation and swimming motility in Escherichia coli. Sanchez-Torres V, Hu H, Wood TK;. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011;90:651-658. [4]. 21552365. Tyrosine Phosphatase TpbA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Controls Extracellular DNA via Cyclic Diguanylic Acid Concentrations. Ueda A, Wood TK;. Environ Microbiol. 2010;2:449-455. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-10-16

This domain is found linked to a wide range of non-homologous domains in a variety of bacteria. It has been shown to be homologous to the adenylyl cyclase catalytic domain [1] and has diguanylate cyclase activity [4]. This observation correlates with the functional information available on two GGDEF-containing proteins, namely diguanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase A of Acetobacter xylinum, both of which regulate the turnover of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate. In the WspR protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the GGDEF domain acts as a diguanylate cyclase, PDB:3bre, when the whole molecule appears to form a tetramer consisting of two symmetrically-related dimers representing a biological unit. The active site is the GGD/EF motif, buried in the structure, and the cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) bind to the inhibitory-motif RxxD on the surface. The enzyme thus catalyses the cyclisation of two guanosine triphosphate (GTP) molecules to one c-di-GMP molecule [6,7,8]. [1]. 11119645. GGDEF domain is homologous to adenylyl cyclase. Pei J, Grishin NV;. Proteins 2001;42:210-216. [2]. 11557134. Novel domains of the prokaryotic two-component signal transduction systems. Galperin MY, Nikolskaya AN, Koonin EV;. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001;203:11-21. [3]. 15063857. Cyclic di-guanosine-monophosphate comes of age: a novel secondary messenger involved in modulating cell surface structures in bacteria?. Jenal U;. Curr Opin Microbiol 2004;7:185-191. [4]. 15075296. Cell cycle-dependent dynamic localization of a bacterial response regulator with a novel di-guanylate cyclase output domain. Paul R, Weiser S, Amiot NC, Chan C, Sch. TRUNCATED at 1650 bytes (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-10-16

Gene:

dgcN

Date:

2022-10-11

The GGDEF domain is named for the motif GG[DE]EF shared by many proteins carrying the domain. There is evidence that the domain has diguanylate cyclase activity [1][3]. Several proteins carrying this domain also carry domains with functions relating to environmental sensing. These include PleD, a response regulator protein involved in the swarmer-to-stalked cell transition in Caulobacter crescentus[2], and FixL, a heme-containing oxygen sensor protein.

Date:

2021-04-27