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    Patronin patronin [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 36978, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Patroninprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    patroninprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0263197
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG33130
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0263197
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    BcDNA:LD17191; CG18459; CG18460; CG18462; CG30102; CG33130; CG6516; Dmel\CG33130; l(2)k07433; Patr; patronin; ptrn; ssp4; Ssp4
    Summary
    Enables microtubule minus-end binding activity. Involved in several processes, including asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination; microtubule cytoskeleton organization; and negative regulation of hippo signaling. Located in several cellular components, including anterior cell cortex; microtubule cytoskeleton; and subapical part of cell. Is expressed in adult head; embryonic/larval dorsal vessel; organism; and spermatozoon. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations. Orthologous to several human genes including CAMSAP1 (calmodulin regulated spectrin associated protein 1) and CAMSAP2 (calmodulin regulated spectrin associated protein family member 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See Patronin in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    54C1-54C3; 2-83 cM
    Exon count:
    24
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2R NT_033778.4 (17519024..17535866, complement)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2R NT_033778.3 (13406529..13423371, complement)

    Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Cathepsin K2 Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene Anaphase Promoting Complex subunit 10 Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit b Neighboring gene Coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 2A Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The Microtubule Minus-End Binding Protein Patronin Is Required for the Epithelial Remodeling in the Drosophila Abdomen. Panzade S, et al. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2021. PMID 34368132, Free PMC Article
    2. Microtubules promote intercellular contractile force transmission during tissue folding. Ko CS, et al. J Cell Biol, 2019 Aug 5. PMID 31227595, Free PMC Article
    3. Microtubule dynamics: Patronin, protector of the minus end. O'Rourke BP, et al. Curr Biol, 2011 Jan 25. PMID 21256440
    4. Microtubule polarity is instructive for many aspects of neuronal polarity. Thyagarajan P, et al. Dev Biol, 2022 Jun. PMID 35341730, Free PMC Article
    5. Lissencephaly-1 mutations enhance traumatic brain injury outcomes in Drosophila. Katzenberger RJ, et al. Genetics, 2023 Mar 2. PMID 36683334, Free PMC Article

    See all (104) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Suppression of Patronin deficiency by altered Hippo signaling in Drosophila organ development.
      Title: Suppression of Patronin deficiency by altered Hippo signaling in Drosophila organ development.
    2. Symmetry breaking in the female germline cyst.
      Title: Symmetry breaking in the female germline cyst.
    3. our data suggest that Patronin facilitates sustained microtubule minus end growth, which is critical for populating dendrites with minus-end-out microtubules.
      Title: Patronin-mediated minus end growth is required for dendritic microtubule polarity.
    4. This study demonstrates that Patronin orients minus-end-out microtubules arrays in dendrites to promote dendrite-specific pruning mainly through antagonizing Klp10A activity.
      Title: Patronin governs minus-end-out orientation of dendritic microtubules to promote dendrite pruning in Drosophila.
    5. Patronin and Shot then act to polarise microtubules along the apical-basal axis to enable apical transport of Rab11 endosomes by the Nuf-Dynein microtubule motor complex. Finally, Rab11 endosomes are transferred to the MyoV (also known as Didum in Drosophila) actin motor to deliver the key microvillar determinant Cadherin 99C to the apical membrane to organise the biogenesis of actin microvilli.
      Title: Shot and Patronin polarise microtubules to direct membrane traffic and biogenesis of microvilli in epithelia.
    6. Shot/Patronin foci are excluded from the oocyte posterior by the Par-1 polarity kinase to generate the polarized microtubule network that localizes axis determinants
      Title: Patronin/Shot Cortical Foci Assemble the Noncentrosomal Microtubule Array that Specifies the Drosophila Anterior-Posterior Axis.
    7. These results show that members of the CAMSAP/Patronin family all localize to and protect minus-ends but have evolved distinct effects on microtubule dynamics.
      Title: Regulation of microtubule minus-end dynamics by CAMSAPs and Patronin.
    8. Anaphase B is induced by the minus end-stabilizing protein patronin, which antagonizes the kinesin-13 depolymerase KLP10A at spindle poles.
      Title: Patronin mediates a switch from kinesin-13-dependent poleward flux to anaphase B spindle elongation.
    9. A recent study provides the first definitive identification of a minus-end-specific capping protein, termed Patronin, which protects the microtubule arrays of both mitotic and interphase cells.
      Title: Microtubule dynamics: Patronin, protector of the minus end.
    10. Ssp4, renamed Patronin, protects microtubule minus ends against depolymerization by Kinesin-13; in its absence, microtubules release from their nucleating sites and treadmill through the cytoplasm, a result of unhindered minus end depolymerization.
      Title: Patronin regulates the microtubule network by protecting microtubule minus ends.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables calmodulin binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables microtubule binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables microtubule binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables microtubule minus-end binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables microtubule minus-end binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables microtubule minus-end binding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables spectrin binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in centrosome duplication IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cortical microtubule organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cytoplasmic microtubule organization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in establishment of mitotic spindle asymmetry IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in mitotic spindle organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of hippo signaling IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in neuron projection development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in anterior cell cortex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in centrosome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in lateral cell cortex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in microtubule IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    colocalizes_with microtubule minus-end IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in midbody IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in mitotic spindle IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in spindle IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in subapical part of cell IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    patronin
    Names
    CG33130-PA
    CG33130-PB
    CG33130-PC
    CG33130-PD
    CG33130-PE
    CG33130-PF
    CG33130-PI
    CG33130-PJ
    CG33130-PK
    CG33130-PL
    CG33130-PM
    CG33130-PN
    CG33130-PO
    Patronin-PA
    Patronin-PB
    Patronin-PC
    Patronin-PD
    Patronin-PE
    Patronin-PF
    Patronin-PI
    Patronin-PJ
    Patronin-PK
    Patronin-PL
    Patronin-PM
    Patronin-PN
    Patronin-PO
    lethal (2) k07433
    short spindle 4

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      17519024..17535866 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001274127.1 → NP_001261056.1  patronin, isoform N [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261056.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4KEY6, A0A0U3DWR7
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1050 → 1170
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1299 → 1417
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:188 → 267
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:474 → 540
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    2. NM_001144218.3 → NP_001137690.1  patronin, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001137690.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7YZJ1, H6WS59
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1250 → 1370
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1523 → 1641
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:591 → 658
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    3. NM_001274125.1 → NP_001261054.1  patronin, isoform L [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261054.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4KG58, H6WS59
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1186 → 1306
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1398 → 1516
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:577 → 644
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    4. NM_206153.3 → NP_995875.1  patronin, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995875.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A1ZAU8, A1ZAU9, A1ZAV0, Q86NU5, Q8MSU7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      H6WS59
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1217 → 1337
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1490 → 1608
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:591 → 658
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    5. NM_001144219.3 → NP_001137691.1  patronin, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001137691.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7YZJ2, H6WS59
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1271 → 1391
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1459 → 1577
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:612 → 679
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    6. NM_001274122.1 → NP_001261051.1  patronin, isoform I [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261051.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4KEY4, H6WS59
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1271 → 1391
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1549 → 1667
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:612 → 679
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    7. NM_001169706.2 → NP_001163177.2  patronin, isoform O [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001163177.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E1JH91, H6WS59
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1271 → 1391
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1543 → 1661
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:612 → 679
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    8. NM_001169704.2 → NP_001163175.1  patronin, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001163175.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E1JH90, H6WS59
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1271 → 1391
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1531 → 1649
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:612 → 679
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    9. NM_001274126.1 → NP_001261055.1  patronin, isoform M [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261055.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4KFU3, A0A0U3DWR7
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1140 → 1260
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1364 → 1482
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:530 → 597
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    10. NM_001274124.1 → NP_001261053.1  patronin, isoform K [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261053.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4KFA4, H6WS59
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1287 → 1407
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1540 → 1658
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:628 → 695
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    11. NM_001274123.1 → NP_001261052.1  patronin, isoform J [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261052.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4KET5, H6WS59
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1321 → 1441
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1534 → 1652
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:663 → 730
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    12. NM_206154.3 → NP_995876.1  patronin, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995876.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      H6WS59
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1189 → 1309
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1400 → 1518
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:612 → 679
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin

    13. NM_176218.3 → NP_788398.1  patronin, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_788398.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0U3DWR7
      Related
      FBpp0086104
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR02794
      Location:1189 → 1309
      tolA_full; TolA protein
      pfam08683
      Location:1377 → 1495
      CAMSAP_CKK; Microtubule-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated
      pfam11971
      Location:189 → 272
      CAMSAP_CH; CAMSAP CH domain
      pfam17095
      Location:612 → 679
      CAMSAP_CC1; Spectrin-binding region of Ca2+-Calmodulin
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    A0A0B4KET5 A0A0B4KET5
    A0A0B4KEY4 A0A0B4KEY4
    A0A0B4KEY6 A0A0B4KEY6
    A0A0B4KFA4 A0A0B4KFA4
    A0A0B4KFU3 A0A0B4KFU3
    A0A0B4KG58 A0A0B4KG58
    A1ZAU8.1 A1ZAU8
    B7YZJ1 B7YZJ1
    B7YZJ2 B7YZJ2
    E1JH90 E1JH90
    E1JH91 E1JH91
    Q8MSC7 Q8MSC7
    Q8T0T0 Q8T0T0

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