Scr Sex combs reduced [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Scrprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: Sex combs reducedprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0003339
Locus tag: Dmel_CG1030
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0003339
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: BG:DS07876.2; CG1030; Dmel\CG1030; DmScr; l(3)84Af; Msc; scr; SCR
Summary: Enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II and sex comb development. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including ganglia; gut section; imaginal disc; organism subdivision; and thoracic adult muscle precursor cell. Orthologous to several human genes including HOXA5 (homeobox A5). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 84A5-84A5; 3-48 cM

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3R	NT_033777.3 (6823120..6849981, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3R	NT_033777.2 (2648842..2675703, complement)

Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Data show that the Distalless and Engrailed homeodomain transcription factors act through sequences in this enhancer to establish elevated Sex combs reduced (Scr) expression in spatially defined domains.
Title: A Distalless-responsive enhancer of the Hox gene Sex combs reduced is required for segment- and sex-specific sensory organ development in Drosophila.
Results from NMR spectroscopy show that spontaneous deamidation of Scr protein at residue Asn 321 reduces its affinity for target DNA.
Title: Asparagine deamidation reduces DNA-binding affinity of the Drosophila melanogaster Scr homeodomain.
To test if Hox proteins directly use shape readout, study characterized Exd-Scr co-crystal structures. When minor groove-inserting residues of Scr were mutated to alanines, thus impairing its ability to use shape readout, the mutant proteins no longer preferred sequences containing these minor groove width minima.
Title: Deconvolving the recognition of DNA shape from sequence.
male-like pattern of SCR expression is independent of dsx function, and dsx F must be responsible for bringing about dimorphism in SCR expression, whereas dsx M function is required with Scr for the morphogenesis of sex comb.
Title: Male- and female-specific variants of doublesex gene products have different roles to play towards regulation of Sex combs reduced expression and sex comb morphogenesis in Drosophila.
Study shows that the LASCY, DYTQL, NANGE motifs, and the C-terminal domain of SCR mediate suppression of induction of ectopic proboscis identity, which would explain why co-expression of PB and SCR is unable to induce ectopic proboscises.
Title: Developmental competence and the induction of ectopic proboscises in Drosophila melanogaster.
Dynamic changes in Sex comb reduced protein expression are responsible for the diversity seen in sex comb morphology.
Title: Evolution of sex comb from the primitive bristle pattern in Drosophila is associated with modification in the developmental regulatory protein Dachshund.
Results indicate that Scr functions as a homodimer to increase its transcriptional specificity and suggest that the formation of homeodomain (HD) homo- or heterodimers might underlie the functional distinction between very similar HD proteins in vivo.
Title: Dimer formation via the homeodomain is required for function and specificity of Sex combs reduced in Drosophila.
alteration in Scr expression expands or contracts the doublesex domain, and vice versa
Title: Evolution of sex-specific traits through changes in HOX-dependent doublesex expression.
Study shows that subtle differences in the way Dfd and Scr recognize their specific binding sites, in conjunction with non-DNA-binding domains, influence whether the target gene is transcriptionally activated or repressed.
Title: Dissecting the functional specificities of two Hox proteins.
Differences in sex comb numbers reflect changes of Scr expression in tarsus primordia in Drosophila.
Title: How Drosophila change their combs: the Hox gene Sex combs reduced and sex comb variation among Sophophora species.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (14)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein homodimerization activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in anterior/posterior pattern specification	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in midgut development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in salivary gland boundary specification	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in sex comb development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in nucleoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: Sex combs reduced

Names: CG1030-PA; CG1030-PB; CG1030-PD; CG1030-PE; CG1030-PF; Scr-PA; Scr-PB; Scr-PD; Scr-PE; Scr-PF; multi sex combs; multiple sex comb; sex combs reduced; sex-combs reduced

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033777.3 Reference assembly

Range

6823120..6849981 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001369958.1 → NP_001356915.1 Sex combs reduced, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A4D6K1B2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00046
Location:328 → 381

Homeobox; Homeobox domain
NM_001369959.1 → NP_001356897.1 Sex combs reduced, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A499GTR4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00046
Location:328 → 381

Homeobox; Homeobox domain
NM_001382008.1 → NP_001368995.1 Sex combs reduced, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A6H2EG18

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00046
Location:328 → 381

Homeobox; Homeobox domain
NM_079524.4 → NP_524248.2 Sex combs reduced, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_524248.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P09077, Q23990, Q24508, Q9V3Q3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A4V2I1

Related

FBpp0081163

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00046
Location:328 → 380

Homeobox; Homeobox domain
NM_206443.3 → NP_996165.1 Sex combs reduced, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996165.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P09077, Q23990, Q24508, Q9V3Q3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A4V2I1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00046
Location:328 → 380

Homeobox; Homeobox domain