wts warts [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: wtsprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: wartsprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0011739
Locus tag: Dmel_CG12072
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0011739
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG12072; Dlats; Dmel\CG12072; dmLATS; l(3)100Aa; lats; Lats; LATS; Lats/Warts; LATS1; Lats1/2; lts; MENE (3R)-G; wart; Warts; warts/lats; Warts/Lats; Wts; WTS; wts/lats; Wts/Lats; WTS/LATS
Summary: Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including R8 cell differentiation; intracellular signal transduction; and negative regulation of neurogenesis. Located in apicomedial cortex and cytosol. Colocalizes with adherens junction. Is expressed in adult brain; adult mushroom body; photoreceptor cell R8 of pale ommatidium; photoreceptor cell R8 of yellow ommatidium; and spermatozoon. Used to study benign neoplasm; cancer; carcinoma; kidney cancer; and neurodegenerative disease. Orthologous to several human genes including LATS1 (large tumor suppressor kinase 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 100A5-100A5; 3-101 cM

Exon count:: 8

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3R	NT_033777.3 (30789625..30806619, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3R	NT_033777.2 (26615347..26632341, complement)

Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The study outlines a new function of Salvador-Warts-Hippo signaling that crosstalks to caspase-dependent nonapoptotic signaling and Wg/Wnt signaling in neural precursor development, which might be implicated in neuronal pathogenesis.
Title: Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway regulates sensory organ development via caspase-dependent nonapoptotic signaling.
Wts mediates effects of insulin and the neuropeptide prothoracicotropic hormone on regulation of ecdysone production through Yorkie and the microRNA bantam. Thus coupling insulin signaling with ecdysone production to adjust systemic growth in response to nutritional conditions during development.
Title: Warts Signaling Controls Organ and Body Growth through Regulation of Ecdysone.
In this work, we have explored the disc autonomous function of TGFbeta that promotes wing imaginal disc growth. We have studied the genetic interactions between TGFbeta signaling and other pathways regulating wing disc growth, such as the Insulin and Hippo/Salvador/Warts pathways, as well as cell cycle regulators.
Title: A Search for Genes Mediating the Growth-Promoting Function of TGFβ in the Drosophila melanogaster Wing Disc.
Rae1 increases activation of the core kinases Hippo and Warts and plays a post-transcriptional role to increase the protein levels of the Merlin, Hippo, and Warts components of the pathway; therefore, in addition to Rae1 coordinating organ size regulation with proliferative control, we propose that Rae1 also acts in a feedback circuit to regulate pathway homeostas
Title: The Hippo Pathway Targets Rae1 to Regulate Mitosis and Organ Size and to Feed Back to Regulate Upstream Components Merlin, Hippo, and Warts.
Wts activation in wing disc epithelial cells occurs at sub-apical junctions where Hpo, Sav, Ex and Wts overlap.
Title: Localization of Hippo signalling complexes and Warts activation in vivo.
Yorkie activity is controlled by LKB1/AMPK and the Hippo/Warts cascade in the central nervous system
Title: Differential control of Yorkie activity by LKB1/AMPK and the Hippo/Warts cascade in the central nervous system.
Results demonstrate distinct lipid metabolism defects elicited in hypoxia as well as a novel role for insulin signaling and Warts function in the adaptation to low oxygen availability.
Title: Insulin- and warts-dependent regulation of tracheal plasticity modulates systemic larval growth during hypoxia in Drosophila melanogaster.
In the normal epithelium, JNK signaling antagonizes the Hippo pathway effector Yorkie (Yki) through elevation of Warts activity, thereby suppressing tissue growth. In contrast, in the presence of hyperactive Ras, JNK signaling enhances Yki activation by accumulating F-actin through the activity of the LIM domain protein Ajuba, thereby promoting tissue growth.
Title: JNK signaling is converted from anti- to pro-tumor pathway by Ras-mediated switch of Warts activity.
Sufficient knock-down of dSmurf increases the protein abundance of Wts and thus increases phosphorylation level at S168 of Yki, the key downstream target of Wts in the Hippo pathway.
Title: Ubiquitin E3 ligase dSmurf is essential for Wts protein turnover and Hippo signaling.
the Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway has a cell-autonomous function to prevent inappropriate differentiation due to transcription factor imbalance and monitors the intrinsic developmental status of progenitor cells
Title: Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway in a developmental checkpoint monitoring helix-loop-helix proteins.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (35)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in R8 cell development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in R8 cell fate specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in border follicle cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell fate specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in hippo signaling	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in hippo signaling	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in hippo signaling	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in hippo signaling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of imaginal disc growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of protein import into nucleus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in open tracheal system development	HMP more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of lipophagy	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of cell shape	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of dendrite morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of organ growth	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to ionizing radiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in stem cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
colocalizes_with adherens junction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in apicomedial cortex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
colocalizes_with cell-cell junction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: warts

Names: CG12072-PA; LATS1/2; Warts/Lats; large tumor suppressor; large tumor supressor; miracle-gro; warts kinase; warts/D-lats; warts/large tumour suppressor; wts-PA

NP_733403.1

EC 2.7.11.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033777.3 Reference assembly

Range

30789625..30806619 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_170524.2 → NP_733403.1 warts [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_733403.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9VA38

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q24096

Related

FBpp0085082

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00220
Location:719 → 1020

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd05598
Location:717 → 1078

STKc_LATS; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Large Tumor Suppressor