dbSNP Short Genetic Variations
Welcome to the Reference SNP (rs) Report
All alleles are reported in the Forward orientation. Click on the Variant Details tab for details on Genomic Placement, Gene, and Amino Acid changes. HGVS names are in the HGVS tab.
Reference SNP (rs) Report
This page reports data for a single dbSNP Reference SNP variation (RefSNP or rs) from the new redesigned dbSNP build.
Top of the page reports a concise summary for the rs, with more specific details included in the corresponding tabs below.
All alleles are reported in the Forward orientation. Use the Genomic View to inspect the nucleotides flanking the variant, and its neighbors.
For more information see Help documentation.
rs1465810365
Current Build 156
Released September 21, 2022
- Organism
- Homo sapiens
- Position
-
chr12:48122773 (GRCh38.p14) Help
The anchor position for this RefSNP. Includes all nucleotides potentially affected by this change, thus it can differ from HGVS, which is right-shifted. See here for details.
- Alleles
- T>A
- Variation Type
- SNV Single Nucleotide Variation
- Frequency
- A=0.000007 (1/140232, GnomAD)
- Clinical Significance
- Not Reported in ClinVar
- Gene : Consequence
- PFKM : Missense Variant
- Publications
- 0 citations
- Genomic View
- See rs on genome
Frequency tab displays a table of the reference and alternate allele frequencies reported by various studies and populations. Table lines, where Population="Global" refer to the entire study population, whereas lines, where Group="Sub", refer to a study-specific population subgroupings (i.e. AFR, CAU, etc.), if available. Frequency for the alternate allele (Alt Allele) is a ratio of samples observed-to-total, where the numerator (observed samples) is the number of chromosomes in the study with the minor allele present (found in "Sample size", where Group="Sub"), and the denominator (total samples) is the total number of all chromosomes in the study for the variant (found in "Sample size", where Group="Study-wide" and Population="Global").
DownloadStudy | Population | Group | Sample Size | Ref Allele | Alt Allele |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
gnomAD - Genomes | Global | Study-wide | 140232 | T=0.999993 | A=0.000007 |
gnomAD - Genomes | European | Sub | 75952 | T=0.99999 | A=0.00001 |
gnomAD - Genomes | African | Sub | 42032 | T=1.00000 | A=0.00000 |
gnomAD - Genomes | American | Sub | 13648 | T=1.00000 | A=0.00000 |
gnomAD - Genomes | Ashkenazi Jewish | Sub | 3320 | T=1.0000 | A=0.0000 |
gnomAD - Genomes | East Asian | Sub | 3132 | T=1.0000 | A=0.0000 |
gnomAD - Genomes | Other | Sub | 2148 | T=1.0000 | A=0.0000 |
Variant Details tab shows known variant placements on genomic sequences: chromosomes (NC_), RefSeqGene, pseudogenes or genomic regions (NG_), and in a separate table: on transcripts (NM_) and protein sequences (NP_). The corresponding transcript and protein locations are listed in adjacent lines, along with molecular consequences from Sequence Ontology. When no protein placement is available, only the transcript is listed. Column "Codon[Amino acid]" shows the actual base change in the format of "Reference > Alternate" allele, including the nucleotide codon change in transcripts, and the amino acid change in proteins, respectively, allowing for known ribosomal slippage sites. To view nucleotides adjacent to the variant use the Genomic View at the bottom of the page - zoom into the sequence until the nucleotides around the variant become visible.
Sequence name | Change |
---|---|
GRCh38.p14 chr 12 | NC_000012.12:g.48122773T>A |
GRCh37.p13 chr 12 | NC_000012.11:g.48516556T>A |
PFKM RefSeqGene (LRG_1177) | NG_016199.2:g.22521T>A |
Molecule type | Change | Amino acid[Codon] | SO Term |
---|---|---|---|
PFKM transcript variant 4 | NM_000289.6:c.-2= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 17 | NM_001354747.2:c.-78= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 18 | NM_001354748.2:c.-78= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 14 | NM_001354744.2:c.-2= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 15 | NM_001354745.2:c.-327= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 3 | NM_001166688.2:c.-2= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 25 | NM_001363619.2:c.-2= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 13 | NM_001354743.2:c.-2= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 16 | NM_001354746.2:c.-2= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 2 | NM_001166687.2:c.-2= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 12 | NM_001354742.2:c.-2= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 8 | NM_001354738.1:c.212T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 1 | NP_001341667.1:p.Ile71Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 9 | NM_001354739.1:c.212T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 1 | NP_001341668.1:p.Ile71Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 5 | NM_001354735.1:c.308T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 3 | NP_001341664.1:p.Ile103Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 7 | NM_001354737.1:c.212T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 1 | NP_001341666.1:p.Ile71Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 10 | NM_001354740.1:c.143T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 4 | NP_001341669.1:p.Ile48Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 6 | NM_001354736.1:c.308T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 3 | NP_001341665.1:p.Ile103Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 1 | NM_001166686.2:c.212T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 1 | NP_001160158.1:p.Ile71Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 11 | NM_001354741.2:c.23T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 5 | NP_001341670.1:p.Ile8Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 20 | NR_148955.1:n.582T>A | N/A | Non Coding Transcript Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 21 | NR_148956.2:n.50T>A | N/A | Non Coding Transcript Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 19 | NR_148954.2:n.50T>A | N/A | Non Coding Transcript Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 24 | NR_148959.2:n.50T>A | N/A | Non Coding Transcript Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 23 | NR_148958.2:n.50T>A | N/A | Non Coding Transcript Variant |
PFKM transcript variant 22 | NR_148957.2:n.50T>A | N/A | Non Coding Transcript Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X13 | XM_024449022.2:c.-2= | N/A | 5 Prime UTR Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X1 | XM_047428999.1:c.518T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X1 | XP_047284955.1:p.Ile173Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X2 | XM_011538487.2:c.518T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X2 | XP_011536789.2:p.Ile173Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X3 | XM_047429000.1:c.422T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X3 | XP_047284956.1:p.Ile141Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X4 | XM_047429001.1:c.317T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X4 | XP_047284957.1:p.Ile106Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X5 | XM_005268974.2:c.308T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X5 | XP_005269031.1:p.Ile103Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X6 | XM_005268976.4:c.308T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X5 | XP_005269033.1:p.Ile103Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X7 | XM_024449020.2:c.221T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X6 | XP_024304788.1:p.Ile74Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X8 | XM_047429002.1:c.221T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X7 | XP_047284958.1:p.Ile74Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X9 | XM_017019469.2:c.212T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X8 | XP_016874958.1:p.Ile71Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X10 | XM_024449021.2:c.98T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X9 | XP_024304789.1:p.Ile33Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X11 | XM_047429003.1:c.143T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X10 | XP_047284959.1:p.Ile48Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
PFKM transcript variant X12 | XM_047429004.1:c.98T>A | I [ATC] > N [AAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X11 | XP_047284960.1:p.Ile33Asn | I (Ile) > N (Asn) | Missense Variant |
Clinical Significance tab shows a list of clinical significance entries from ClinVar associated with the variation, per allele. Click on the RCV accession (i.e. RCV000001615.2) or Allele ID (i.e. 12274) to access full ClinVar report.
Aliases tab displays HGVS names representing the variant placements and allele changes on genomic, transcript and protein sequences, per allele. HGVS name is an expression for reporting sequence accession and version, sequence type, position, and allele change. The column "Note" can have two values: "diff" means that there is a difference between the reference allele (variation interval) at the placement reported in HGVS name and the reference alleles reported in other HGVS names, and "rev" means that the sequence of this variation interval at the placement reported in HGVS name is in reverse orientation to the sequence(s) of this variation in other HGVS names not labeled as "rev".
Placement | T= | A |
---|---|---|
GRCh38.p14 chr 12 | NC_000012.12:g.48122773= | NC_000012.12:g.48122773T>A |
GRCh37.p13 chr 12 | NC_000012.11:g.48516556= | NC_000012.11:g.48516556T>A |
PFKM RefSeqGene (LRG_1177) | NG_016199.2:g.22521= | NG_016199.2:g.22521T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 4 | NM_000289.6:c.-2= | NM_000289.6:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 4 | NM_000289.5:c.-2= | NM_000289.5:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 22 | NR_148957.2:n.50= | NR_148957.2:n.50T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 22 | NR_148957.1:n.184= | NR_148957.1:n.184T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 1 | NM_001166686.2:c.212= | NM_001166686.2:c.212T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 1 | NM_001166686.1:c.212= | NM_001166686.1:c.212T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 13 | NM_001354743.2:c.-2= | NM_001354743.2:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 13 | NM_001354743.1:c.-2= | NM_001354743.1:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 19 | NR_148954.2:n.50= | NR_148954.2:n.50T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 19 | NR_148954.1:n.184= | NR_148954.1:n.184T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 15 | NM_001354745.2:c.-327= | NM_001354745.2:c.-327T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 15 | NM_001354745.1:c.-327= | NM_001354745.1:c.-327T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 21 | NR_148956.2:n.50= | NR_148956.2:n.50T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 21 | NR_148956.1:n.184= | NR_148956.1:n.184T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 23 | NR_148958.2:n.50= | NR_148958.2:n.50T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 23 | NR_148958.1:n.184= | NR_148958.1:n.184T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 11 | NM_001354741.2:c.23= | NM_001354741.2:c.23T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 11 | NM_001354741.1:c.23= | NM_001354741.1:c.23T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 24 | NR_148959.2:n.50= | NR_148959.2:n.50T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 24 | NR_148959.1:n.184= | NR_148959.1:n.184T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 3 | NM_001166688.2:c.-2= | NM_001166688.2:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 3 | NM_001166688.1:c.-2= | NM_001166688.1:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 14 | NM_001354744.2:c.-2= | NM_001354744.2:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 14 | NM_001354744.1:c.-2= | NM_001354744.1:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 12 | NM_001354742.2:c.-2= | NM_001354742.2:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 12 | NM_001354742.1:c.-2= | NM_001354742.1:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 2 | NM_001166687.2:c.-2= | NM_001166687.2:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 2 | NM_001166687.1:c.-2= | NM_001166687.1:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 17 | NM_001354747.2:c.-78= | NM_001354747.2:c.-78T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 17 | NM_001354747.1:c.-78= | NM_001354747.1:c.-78T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 18 | NM_001354748.2:c.-78= | NM_001354748.2:c.-78T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 18 | NM_001354748.1:c.-78= | NM_001354748.1:c.-78T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 25 | NM_001363619.2:c.-2= | NM_001363619.2:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 25 | NM_001363619.1:c.-2= | NM_001363619.1:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 16 | NM_001354746.2:c.-2= | NM_001354746.2:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 16 | NM_001354746.1:c.-2= | NM_001354746.1:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 20 | NR_148955.1:n.582= | NR_148955.1:n.582T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 6 | NM_001354736.1:c.308= | NM_001354736.1:c.308T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 5 | NM_001354735.1:c.308= | NM_001354735.1:c.308T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 7 | NM_001354737.1:c.212= | NM_001354737.1:c.212T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 9 | NM_001354739.1:c.212= | NM_001354739.1:c.212T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 8 | NM_001354738.1:c.212= | NM_001354738.1:c.212T>A |
PFKM transcript variant 10 | NM_001354740.1:c.143= | NM_001354740.1:c.143T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X6 | XM_005268976.4:c.308= | XM_005268976.4:c.308T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X2 | XM_005268976.3:c.308= | XM_005268976.3:c.308T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X4 | XM_005268976.2:c.308= | XM_005268976.2:c.308T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X3 | XM_005268976.1:c.308= | XM_005268976.1:c.308T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X2 | XM_011538487.2:c.518= | XM_011538487.2:c.518T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X3 | XM_011538487.1:c.308= | XM_011538487.1:c.308T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X5 | XM_005268974.2:c.308= | XM_005268974.2:c.308T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X1 | XM_005268974.1:c.308= | XM_005268974.1:c.308T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X7 | XM_024449020.2:c.221= | XM_024449020.2:c.221T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X4 | XM_024449020.1:c.221= | XM_024449020.1:c.221T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X9 | XM_017019469.2:c.212= | XM_017019469.2:c.212T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X6 | XM_017019469.1:c.212= | XM_017019469.1:c.212T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X10 | XM_024449021.2:c.98= | XM_024449021.2:c.98T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X7 | XM_024449021.1:c.98= | XM_024449021.1:c.98T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X13 | XM_024449022.2:c.-2= | XM_024449022.2:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X8 | XM_024449022.1:c.-2= | XM_024449022.1:c.-2T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X1 | XM_047428999.1:c.518= | XM_047428999.1:c.518T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X3 | XM_047429000.1:c.422= | XM_047429000.1:c.422T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X4 | XM_047429001.1:c.317= | XM_047429001.1:c.317T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X8 | XM_047429002.1:c.221= | XM_047429002.1:c.221T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X11 | XM_047429003.1:c.143= | XM_047429003.1:c.143T>A |
PFKM transcript variant X12 | XM_047429004.1:c.98= | XM_047429004.1:c.98T>A |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 1 | NP_001160158.1:p.Ile71= | NP_001160158.1:p.Ile71Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 5 | NP_001341670.1:p.Ile8= | NP_001341670.1:p.Ile8Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 3 | NP_001341665.1:p.Ile103= | NP_001341665.1:p.Ile103Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 3 | NP_001341664.1:p.Ile103= | NP_001341664.1:p.Ile103Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 1 | NP_001341666.1:p.Ile71= | NP_001341666.1:p.Ile71Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 1 | NP_001341668.1:p.Ile71= | NP_001341668.1:p.Ile71Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 1 | NP_001341667.1:p.Ile71= | NP_001341667.1:p.Ile71Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform 4 | NP_001341669.1:p.Ile48= | NP_001341669.1:p.Ile48Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X5 | XP_005269033.1:p.Ile103= | XP_005269033.1:p.Ile103Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X2 | XP_011536789.2:p.Ile173= | XP_011536789.2:p.Ile173Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X5 | XP_005269031.1:p.Ile103= | XP_005269031.1:p.Ile103Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X6 | XP_024304788.1:p.Ile74= | XP_024304788.1:p.Ile74Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X8 | XP_016874958.1:p.Ile71= | XP_016874958.1:p.Ile71Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X9 | XP_024304789.1:p.Ile33= | XP_024304789.1:p.Ile33Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X1 | XP_047284955.1:p.Ile173= | XP_047284955.1:p.Ile173Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X3 | XP_047284956.1:p.Ile141= | XP_047284956.1:p.Ile141Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X4 | XP_047284957.1:p.Ile106= | XP_047284957.1:p.Ile106Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X7 | XP_047284958.1:p.Ile74= | XP_047284958.1:p.Ile74Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X10 | XP_047284959.1:p.Ile48= | XP_047284959.1:p.Ile48Asn |
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X11 | XP_047284960.1:p.Ile33= | XP_047284960.1:p.Ile33Asn |
Submissions tab displays variations originally submitted to dbSNP, now supporting this RefSNP cluster (rs). We display Submitter handle, Submission identifier, Date and Build number, when the submission appeared for the first time. Direct submissions to dbSNP have Submission ID in the form of an ss-prefixed number (ss#). Other supporting variations are listed in the table without ss#.
No | Submitter | Submission ID | Date (Build) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | GNOMAD | ss2748853726 | Nov 08, 2017 (151) |
2 | GNOMAD | ss2910222428 | Nov 08, 2017 (151) |
3 | gnomAD - Genomes | NC_000012.12 - 48122773 | Apr 26, 2021 (155) |
History tab displays RefSNPs (Associated ID) from previous builds (Build) that now support the current RefSNP, and the dates, when the history was updated for each Associated ID (History Updated).
Publications tab displays PubMed articles citing the variation as a listing of PMID, Title, Author, Year, Journal, ordered by Year, descending.
No publications for rs1465810365
The Flanks tab provides retrieving flanking sequences of a SNP on all molecules that have placements.
Genomic regions, transcripts, and products
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Help
NCBI Graphical Sequence Viewer display of the genomic region, transcripts and protein products for the reported RefSNP (rs).
Use the zoom option to view the nucleotides around the RefSNP and find other neighboring RefSNPs.
Visit Sequence Viewer for help with navigating inside the display and modifying the selection of displayed data tracks.
NCBI Graphical Sequence Viewer display of the genomic region, transcripts and protein products for the reported RefSNP (rs).
Use the zoom option to view the nucleotides around the RefSNP and find other neighboring RefSNPs.
Visit Sequence Viewer for help with navigating inside the display and modifying the selection of displayed data tracks.