bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, DNA precursor synthesis, and for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP
thymidylate synthase; Members of this protein family are thymidylate synthase, an enzyme that ...
237-519
3.31e-127
thymidylate synthase; Members of this protein family are thymidylate synthase, an enzyme that produces dTMP from dUMP. In prokaryotes, its gene usually is found close to that for dihydrofolate reductase, and in some systems the two enzymes are found as a fusion protein. This model excludes a set of related proteins (TIGR03283) that appears to replace this family in archaeal methanogens, where tetrahydrofolate is replaced by tetrahydromethanopterin. [Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, and nucleotides, 2'-Deoxyribonucleotide metabolism]
Pssm-ID: 213790 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 295 Bit Score: 372.93 E-value: 3.31e-127
Thymidylate synthase and pyrimidine hydroxymethylase: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and ...
237-472
8.59e-107
Thymidylate synthase and pyrimidine hydroxymethylase: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase (dCMP-HMase) are homologs that catalyze analogous alkylation of C5 of pyrimidine nucleotides. Both enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of DNA precursors and are active as homodimers. However, they exhibit distinct pyrimidine base specificities and differ in the details of their catalyzed reactions. TS is biologically ubiquitous and catalyzes the conversion of dUMP and methylene-tetrahydrofolate (CH2THF) to dTMP and dihydrofolate (DHF). It also acts as a regulator of its own expression by binding and inactivating its own RNA. Due to its key role in the de novo pathway for thymidylate synthesis and, hence, DNA synthesis, it is one of the most conserved enzymes across species and phyla. TS is a well-recognized target for anticancer chemotherapy, as well as a valuable new target against infectious diseases. Interestingly, in several protozoa, a single polypeptide chain codes for both, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TS), forming a bifunctional enzyme (DHFR-TS), possibly through gene fusion at a single evolutionary point. DHFR-TS is also active as a dimer. Virus encoded dCMP-HMase catalyzes the reversible conversion of dCMP and CH2THF to hydroxymethyl-dCMP and THF. This family also includes dUMP hydroxymethylase, which is encoded by several bacteriophages that infect Bacillus subtilis, for their own protection against the host restriction system, and contain hydroxymethyl-dUMP instead of dTMP in their DNA.
Pssm-ID: 238211 Cd Length: 215 Bit Score: 317.68 E-value: 8.59e-107
thymidylate synthase; Members of this protein family are thymidylate synthase, an enzyme that ...
237-519
3.31e-127
thymidylate synthase; Members of this protein family are thymidylate synthase, an enzyme that produces dTMP from dUMP. In prokaryotes, its gene usually is found close to that for dihydrofolate reductase, and in some systems the two enzymes are found as a fusion protein. This model excludes a set of related proteins (TIGR03283) that appears to replace this family in archaeal methanogens, where tetrahydrofolate is replaced by tetrahydromethanopterin. [Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, and nucleotides, 2'-Deoxyribonucleotide metabolism]
Pssm-ID: 213790 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 295 Bit Score: 372.93 E-value: 3.31e-127
Thymidylate synthase and pyrimidine hydroxymethylase: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and ...
237-472
8.59e-107
Thymidylate synthase and pyrimidine hydroxymethylase: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase (dCMP-HMase) are homologs that catalyze analogous alkylation of C5 of pyrimidine nucleotides. Both enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of DNA precursors and are active as homodimers. However, they exhibit distinct pyrimidine base specificities and differ in the details of their catalyzed reactions. TS is biologically ubiquitous and catalyzes the conversion of dUMP and methylene-tetrahydrofolate (CH2THF) to dTMP and dihydrofolate (DHF). It also acts as a regulator of its own expression by binding and inactivating its own RNA. Due to its key role in the de novo pathway for thymidylate synthesis and, hence, DNA synthesis, it is one of the most conserved enzymes across species and phyla. TS is a well-recognized target for anticancer chemotherapy, as well as a valuable new target against infectious diseases. Interestingly, in several protozoa, a single polypeptide chain codes for both, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TS), forming a bifunctional enzyme (DHFR-TS), possibly through gene fusion at a single evolutionary point. DHFR-TS is also active as a dimer. Virus encoded dCMP-HMase catalyzes the reversible conversion of dCMP and CH2THF to hydroxymethyl-dCMP and THF. This family also includes dUMP hydroxymethylase, which is encoded by several bacteriophages that infect Bacillus subtilis, for their own protection against the host restriction system, and contain hydroxymethyl-dUMP instead of dTMP in their DNA.
Pssm-ID: 238211 Cd Length: 215 Bit Score: 317.68 E-value: 8.59e-107
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Reduces 7,8-dihydrofolate to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate with ...
4-174
4.98e-53
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Reduces 7,8-dihydrofolate to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate with NADPH as a cofactor. This is an essential step in the biosynthesis of deoxythymidine phosphate since 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate is required to regenerate 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate which is then utilized by thymidylate synthase. Inhibition of DHFR interrupts thymidilate synthesis and DNA replication, inhibitors of DHFR (such as Methotrexate) are used in cancer chemotherapy. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate also is involved in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.
Pssm-ID: 238127 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 158 Bit Score: 176.56 E-value: 4.98e-53
thymidylate synthase, methanogen type; Thymidylate synthase makes dTMP for DNA synthesis, and ...
312-465
1.25e-11
thymidylate synthase, methanogen type; Thymidylate synthase makes dTMP for DNA synthesis, and is among the most widely distributed of all enzymes. Members of this protein family are encoded within a completed genome sequence if and only if that species is one of the methanogenenic archaea. In these species, tetrahydromethanopterin replaces tetrahydrofolate, The member from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was shown to behave as a thymidylate synthase based on similar side reactions (the exchange of a characteristic proton with water), although the full reaction was not reconstituted. Partial sequence data showed no similarity to known thymidylate synthases simply because the region sequenced was from a distinctive N-terminal region not found in other thymidylate synthases. Members of this protein family appear, therefore, to a novel, tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent thymidylate synthase. [Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, and nucleotides, 2'-Deoxyribonucleotide metabolism]
Pssm-ID: 132326 Cd Length: 199 Bit Score: 63.99 E-value: 1.25e-11
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
of the residues that compose this conserved feature have been mapped to the query sequence.
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