C1 family peptidase (also called papain family protein) is a papain-like cysteine peptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in substrates using a catalytic dyad of Cys and His residues
Peptidase C1A subfamily (MEROPS database nomenclature); composed of cysteine peptidases (CPs) similar to papain, including the mammalian CPs (cathepsins B, C, F, H, L, K, O, S, V, X and W). Papain is an endopeptidase with specific substrate preferences, primarily for bulky hydrophobic or aromatic residues at the S2 subsite, a hydrophobic pocket in papain that accommodates the P2 sidechain of the substrate (the second residue away from the scissile bond). Most members of the papain subfamily are endopeptidases. Some exceptions to this rule can be explained by specific details of the catalytic domains like the occluding loop in cathepsin B which confers an additional carboxydipeptidyl activity and the mini-chain of cathepsin H resulting in an N-terminal exopeptidase activity. Papain-like CPs have different functions in various organisms. Plant CPs are used to mobilize storage proteins in seeds. Parasitic CPs act extracellularly to help invade tissues and cells, to hatch or to evade the host immune system. Mammalian CPs are primarily lysosomal enzymes with the exception of cathepsin W, which is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. They are responsible for protein degradation in the lysosome. Papain-like CPs are synthesized as inactive proenzymes with N-terminal propeptide regions, which are removed upon activation. In addition to its inhibitory role, the propeptide is required for proper folding of the newly synthesized enzyme and its stabilization in denaturing pH conditions. Residues within the propeptide region also play a role in the transport of the proenzyme to lysosomes or acidified vesicles. Also included in this subfamily are proteins classified as non-peptidase homologs, which lack peptidase activity or have missing active site residues.
:
Pssm-ID: 239068 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 210 Bit Score: 249.08 E-value: 3.32e-81
Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29); This domain is found at the N-terminus of some C1 ...
120-177
2.56e-20
Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29); This domain is found at the N-terminus of some C1 peptidases such as Cathepsin L where it acts as a propeptide. There are also a number of proteins that are composed solely of multiple copies of this domain such as the peptidase inhibitor salarin Swiss:Q70SU8. This family is classified as I29 by MEROPS.
:
Pssm-ID: 462410 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 58 Bit Score: 83.85 E-value: 2.56e-20
Peptidase C1A subfamily (MEROPS database nomenclature); composed of cysteine peptidases (CPs) similar to papain, including the mammalian CPs (cathepsins B, C, F, H, L, K, O, S, V, X and W). Papain is an endopeptidase with specific substrate preferences, primarily for bulky hydrophobic or aromatic residues at the S2 subsite, a hydrophobic pocket in papain that accommodates the P2 sidechain of the substrate (the second residue away from the scissile bond). Most members of the papain subfamily are endopeptidases. Some exceptions to this rule can be explained by specific details of the catalytic domains like the occluding loop in cathepsin B which confers an additional carboxydipeptidyl activity and the mini-chain of cathepsin H resulting in an N-terminal exopeptidase activity. Papain-like CPs have different functions in various organisms. Plant CPs are used to mobilize storage proteins in seeds. Parasitic CPs act extracellularly to help invade tissues and cells, to hatch or to evade the host immune system. Mammalian CPs are primarily lysosomal enzymes with the exception of cathepsin W, which is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. They are responsible for protein degradation in the lysosome. Papain-like CPs are synthesized as inactive proenzymes with N-terminal propeptide regions, which are removed upon activation. In addition to its inhibitory role, the propeptide is required for proper folding of the newly synthesized enzyme and its stabilization in denaturing pH conditions. Residues within the propeptide region also play a role in the transport of the proenzyme to lysosomes or acidified vesicles. Also included in this subfamily are proteins classified as non-peptidase homologs, which lack peptidase activity or have missing active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 239068 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 210 Bit Score: 249.08 E-value: 3.32e-81
Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29); This domain is found at the N-terminus of some C1 ...
120-177
2.56e-20
Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29); This domain is found at the N-terminus of some C1 peptidases such as Cathepsin L where it acts as a propeptide. There are also a number of proteins that are composed solely of multiple copies of this domain such as the peptidase inhibitor salarin Swiss:Q70SU8. This family is classified as I29 by MEROPS.
Pssm-ID: 462410 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 58 Bit Score: 83.85 E-value: 2.56e-20
Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29); This domain is found at the N-terminus of some C1 ...
120-175
2.01e-14
Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29); This domain is found at the N-terminus of some C1 peptidases such as Cathepsin L where it acts as a propeptide. There are also a number of proteins that are composed solely of multiple copies of this domain such as the peptidase inhibitor salarin. This family is classified as I29 by MEROPS. Peptide proteinase inhibitors can be found as single domain proteins or as single or multiple domains within proteins; these are referred to as either simple or compound inhibitors, respectively. In many cases they are synthesised as part of a larger precursor protein, either as a prepropeptide or as an N-terminal domain associated with an inactive peptidase or zymogen. This domain prevents access of the substrate to the active site. Removal of the N-terminal inhibitor domain either by interaction with a second peptidase or by autocatalytic cleavage activates the zymogen. Other inhibitors interact direct with proteinases using a simple noncovalent lock and key mechanism; while yet others use a conformational change-based trapping mechanism that depends on their structural and thermodynamic properties.
Pssm-ID: 214853 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 57 Bit Score: 67.27 E-value: 2.01e-14
Peptidase C1A subfamily (MEROPS database nomenclature); composed of cysteine peptidases (CPs) similar to papain, including the mammalian CPs (cathepsins B, C, F, H, L, K, O, S, V, X and W). Papain is an endopeptidase with specific substrate preferences, primarily for bulky hydrophobic or aromatic residues at the S2 subsite, a hydrophobic pocket in papain that accommodates the P2 sidechain of the substrate (the second residue away from the scissile bond). Most members of the papain subfamily are endopeptidases. Some exceptions to this rule can be explained by specific details of the catalytic domains like the occluding loop in cathepsin B which confers an additional carboxydipeptidyl activity and the mini-chain of cathepsin H resulting in an N-terminal exopeptidase activity. Papain-like CPs have different functions in various organisms. Plant CPs are used to mobilize storage proteins in seeds. Parasitic CPs act extracellularly to help invade tissues and cells, to hatch or to evade the host immune system. Mammalian CPs are primarily lysosomal enzymes with the exception of cathepsin W, which is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. They are responsible for protein degradation in the lysosome. Papain-like CPs are synthesized as inactive proenzymes with N-terminal propeptide regions, which are removed upon activation. In addition to its inhibitory role, the propeptide is required for proper folding of the newly synthesized enzyme and its stabilization in denaturing pH conditions. Residues within the propeptide region also play a role in the transport of the proenzyme to lysosomes or acidified vesicles. Also included in this subfamily are proteins classified as non-peptidase homologs, which lack peptidase activity or have missing active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 239068 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 210 Bit Score: 249.08 E-value: 3.32e-81
Cathepsin B group; composed of cathepsin B and similar proteins, including tubulointerstitial ...
226-433
2.58e-35
Cathepsin B group; composed of cathepsin B and similar proteins, including tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen (TIN-Ag). Cathepsin B is a lysosomal papain-like cysteine peptidase which is expressed in all tissues and functions primarily as an exopeptidase through its carboxydipeptidyl activity. Together with other cathepsins, it is involved in the degradation of proteins, proenzyme activation, Ag processing, metabolism and apoptosis. Cathepsin B has been implicated in a number of human diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease. The unique carboxydipeptidyl activity of cathepsin B is attributed to the presence of an occluding loop in its active site which favors the binding of the C-termini of substrate proteins. Some members of this group do not possess the occluding loop. TIN-Ag is an extracellular matrix basement protein which was originally identified as a target Ag involved in anti-tubular basement membrane antibody-mediated interstitial nephritis. It plays a role in renal tubulogenesis and is defective in hereditary tubulointerstitial disorders. TIN-Ag is exclusively expressed in kidney tissues.
Pssm-ID: 239111 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 236 Bit Score: 130.47 E-value: 2.58e-35
C1 Peptidase family (MEROPS database nomenclature), also referred to as the papain family; ...
231-413
1.47e-34
C1 Peptidase family (MEROPS database nomenclature), also referred to as the papain family; composed of two subfamilies of cysteine peptidases (CPs), C1A (papain) and C1B (bleomycin hydrolase). Papain-like enzymes are mostly endopeptidases with some exceptions like cathepsins B, C, H and X, which are exopeptidases. Papain-like CPs have different functions in various organisms. Plant CPs are used to mobilize storage proteins in seeds while mammalian CPs are primarily lysosomal enzymes responsible for protein degradation in the lysosome. Papain-like CPs are synthesized as inactive proenzymes with N-terminal propeptide regions, which are removed upon activation. Bleomycin hydrolase (BH) is a CP that detoxifies bleomycin by hydrolysis of an amide group. It acts as a carboxypeptidase on its C-terminus to convert itself into an aminopeptidase and peptide ligase. BH is found in all tissues in mammals as well as in many other eukaryotes. It forms a hexameric ring barrel structure with the active sites imbedded in the central channel. Some members of the C1 family are proteins classified as non-peptidase homologs which lack peptidase activity or have missing active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 239110 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 223 Bit Score: 128.02 E-value: 1.47e-34
Cathepsin C; also known as Dipeptidyl Peptidase I (DPPI), an atypical papain-like cysteine ...
236-433
1.15e-33
Cathepsin C; also known as Dipeptidyl Peptidase I (DPPI), an atypical papain-like cysteine peptidase with chloride dependency and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity, resulting from its tetrameric structure which limits substrate access. Each subunit of the tetramer is composed of three peptides: the heavy and light chains, which together adopts the papain fold and forms the catalytic domain; and the residual propeptide region, which forms a beta barrel and points towards the substrate's N-terminus. The subunit composition is the result of the unique characteristic of procathepsin C maturation involving the cleavage of the catalytic domain and the non-autocatalytic excision of an activation peptide within its propeptide region. By removing N-terminal dipeptide extensions, cathepsin C activates granule serine peptidases (granzymes) involved in cell-mediated apoptosis, inflammation and tissue remodelling. Loss-of-function mutations in cathepsin C are associated with Papillon-Lefevre and Haim-Munk syndromes, rare diseases characterized by hyperkeratosis and early-onset periodontitis. Cathepsin C is widely expressed in many tissues with high levels in lung, kidney and placenta. It is also highly expressed in cytotoxic lymphocytes and mature myeloid cells.
Pssm-ID: 239112 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 243 Bit Score: 126.35 E-value: 1.15e-33
Cathepsin X; the only papain-like lysosomal cysteine peptidase exhibiting carboxymonopeptidase ...
236-423
2.89e-30
Cathepsin X; the only papain-like lysosomal cysteine peptidase exhibiting carboxymonopeptidase activity. It can also act as a carboxydipeptidase, like cathepsin B, but has been shown to preferentially cleave substrates through a monopeptidyl carboxypeptidase pathway. The propeptide region of cathepsin X, the shortest among papain-like peptidases, is covalently attached to the active site cysteine in the inactive form of the enzyme. Little is known about the biological function of cathepsin X. Some studies point to a role in early tumorigenesis. A more recent study indicates that cathepsin X expression is restricted to immune cells suggesting a role in phagocytosis and the regulation of the immune response.
Pssm-ID: 239149 Cd Length: 239 Bit Score: 117.13 E-value: 2.89e-30
Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29); This domain is found at the N-terminus of some C1 ...
120-177
2.56e-20
Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29); This domain is found at the N-terminus of some C1 peptidases such as Cathepsin L where it acts as a propeptide. There are also a number of proteins that are composed solely of multiple copies of this domain such as the peptidase inhibitor salarin Swiss:Q70SU8. This family is classified as I29 by MEROPS.
Pssm-ID: 462410 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 58 Bit Score: 83.85 E-value: 2.56e-20
Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29); This domain is found at the N-terminus of some C1 ...
120-175
2.01e-14
Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29); This domain is found at the N-terminus of some C1 peptidases such as Cathepsin L where it acts as a propeptide. There are also a number of proteins that are composed solely of multiple copies of this domain such as the peptidase inhibitor salarin. This family is classified as I29 by MEROPS. Peptide proteinase inhibitors can be found as single domain proteins or as single or multiple domains within proteins; these are referred to as either simple or compound inhibitors, respectively. In many cases they are synthesised as part of a larger precursor protein, either as a prepropeptide or as an N-terminal domain associated with an inactive peptidase or zymogen. This domain prevents access of the substrate to the active site. Removal of the N-terminal inhibitor domain either by interaction with a second peptidase or by autocatalytic cleavage activates the zymogen. Other inhibitors interact direct with proteinases using a simple noncovalent lock and key mechanism; while yet others use a conformational change-based trapping mechanism that depends on their structural and thermodynamic properties.
Pssm-ID: 214853 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 57 Bit Score: 67.27 E-value: 2.01e-14
Peptidase C1-like family; This family is closely related to the Peptidase_C1 family pfam00112, ...
360-410
4.08e-06
Peptidase C1-like family; This family is closely related to the Peptidase_C1 family pfam00112, containing several prokaryotic and eukaryotic aminopeptidases and bleomycin hydrolases.
Pssm-ID: 397262 Cd Length: 438 Bit Score: 48.88 E-value: 4.08e-06
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
of the residues that compose this conserved feature have been mapped to the query sequence.
Click on the triangle to view details about the feature, including a multiple sequence alignment
of your query sequence and the protein sequences used to curate the domain model,
where hash marks (#) above the aligned sequences show the location of the conserved feature residues.
The thumbnail image, if present, provides an approximate view of the feature's location in 3 dimensions.
Click on the triangle for interactive 3D structure viewing options.
Functional characterization of the conserved domain architecture found on the query.
Click here to see more details.
This image shows a graphical summary of conserved domains identified on the query sequence.
The Show Concise/Full Display button at the top of the page can be used to select the desired level of detail: only top scoring hits
(labeled illustration) or all hits
(labeled illustration).
Domains are color coded according to superfamilies
to which they have been assigned. Hits with scores that pass a domain-specific threshold
(specific hits) are drawn in bright colors.
Others (non-specific hits) and
superfamily placeholders are drawn in pastel colors.
if a domain or superfamily has been annotated with functional sites (conserved features),
they are mapped to the query sequence and indicated through sets of triangles
with the same color and shade of the domain or superfamily that provides the annotation. Mouse over the colored bars or triangles to see descriptions of the domains and features.
click on the bars or triangles to view your query sequence embedded in a multiple sequence alignment of the proteins used to develop the corresponding domain model.
The table lists conserved domains identified on the query sequence. Click on the plus sign (+) on the left to display full descriptions, alignments, and scores.
Click on the domain model's accession number to view the multiple sequence alignment of the proteins used to develop the corresponding domain model.
To view your query sequence embedded in that multiple sequence alignment, click on the colored bars in the Graphical Summary portion of the search results page,
or click on the triangles, if present, that represent functional sites (conserved features)
mapped to the query sequence.
Concise Display shows only the best scoring domain model, in each hit category listed below except non-specific hits, for each region on the query sequence.
(labeled illustration) Standard Display shows only the best scoring domain model from each source, in each hit category listed below for each region on the query sequence.
(labeled illustration) Full Display shows all domain models, in each hit category below, that meet or exceed the RPS-BLAST threshold for statistical significance.
(labeled illustration) Four types of hits can be shown, as available,
for each region on the query sequence:
specific hits meet or exceed a domain-specific e-value threshold
(illustrated example)
and represent a very high confidence that the query sequence belongs to the same protein family as the sequences use to create the domain model
non-specific hits
meet or exceed the RPS-BLAST threshold for statistical significance (default E-value cutoff of 0.01, or an E-value selected by user via the
advanced search options)
the domain superfamily to which the specific and non-specific hits belong
multi-domain models that were computationally detected and are likely to contain multiple single domains
Retrieve proteins that contain one or more of the domains present in the query sequence, using the Conserved Domain Architecture Retrieval Tool
(CDART).
Modify your query to search against a different database and/or use advanced search options
