Downstream of tyrosine kinase 4, 5, and 6 proteins phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTBi); The Dok family adapters are phosphorylated by different protein tyrosine kinases. Dok proteins are involved in processes such as modulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as in control of the cell spreading and migration The Dok protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by a central phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which has a PH-like fold, and a proline- and tyrosine-rich C-terminal tail. The PH domain binds to acidic phospholids and localizes proteins to the plasma membrane, while the PTB domain mediates protein-protein interactions by binding to phosphotyrosine-containing motifs. The C-terminal part of Dok contains multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that serve as potential docking sites for Src homology 2-containing proteins such as ras GTPase-activating protein and Nck, leading to inhibition of ras signaling pathway activation and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun activation, respectively. There are 7 mammalian Dok members: Dok-1 to Dok-7. Dok-1 and Dok-2 act as negative regulators of the Ras-Erk pathway downstream of many immunoreceptor-mediated signaling systems, and it is believed that recruitment of p120 rasGAP by Dok-1 and Dok-2 is critical to their negative regulation. Dok-3 is a negative regulator of the activation of JNK and mobilization of Ca2+ in B-cell receptor-mediated signaling, interacting with SHIP-1 and Grb2. Dok-4- 6 play roles in protein tyrosine kinase(PTK)-mediated signaling in neural cells and Dok-7 is the key cytoplasmic activator of MuSK (Muscle-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase). PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the IRS-like subgroup.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491 133 REQNERFNVYLMPTPNLDIYGECTMQITHENIYLWDIHNAKVKLVMWPLSSLRRYGRDSTWFTFESGRMCDTGEGLFTFQ 212
Cdd:cd13164   1 REQNERFNVFLLPSPNLDVYGECLLQITHENIYLWDIHNPRVKLVSWPLCSLRRYGRDSTWFTFEAGRMCDTGEGLFTFQ 80

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|...
gi 85677491 213 TREGEMIYQKVHSATLAIAEQHE 235
Cdd:cd13164  81 TREGEQIYQRVHSATLAIAEQHK 103

Downstream of tyrosine kinase 4, 5, and 6 proteins phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTBi); The Dok family adapters are phosphorylated by different protein tyrosine kinases. Dok proteins are involved in processes such as modulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as in control of the cell spreading and migration The Dok protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by a central phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which has a PH-like fold, and a proline- and tyrosine-rich C-terminal tail. The PH domain binds to acidic phospholids and localizes proteins to the plasma membrane, while the PTB domain mediates protein-protein interactions by binding to phosphotyrosine-containing motifs. The C-terminal part of Dok contains multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that serve as potential docking sites for Src homology 2-containing proteins such as ras GTPase-activating protein and Nck, leading to inhibition of ras signaling pathway activation and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun activation, respectively. There are 7 mammalian Dok members: Dok-1 to Dok-7. Dok-1 and Dok-2 act as negative regulators of the Ras-Erk pathway downstream of many immunoreceptor-mediated signaling systems, and it is believed that recruitment of p120 rasGAP by Dok-1 and Dok-2 is critical to their negative regulation. Dok-3 is a negative regulator of the activation of JNK and mobilization of Ca2+ in B-cell receptor-mediated signaling, interacting with SHIP-1 and Grb2. Dok-4- 6 play roles in protein tyrosine kinase(PTK)-mediated signaling in neural cells and Dok-7 is the key cytoplasmic activator of MuSK (Muscle-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase). PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the IRS-like subgroup.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491 133 REQNERFNVYLMPTPNLDIYGECTMQITHENIYLWDIHNAKVKLVMWPLSSLRRYGRDSTWFTFESGRMCDTGEGLFTFQ 212
Cdd:cd13164   1 REQNERFNVFLLPSPNLDVYGECLLQITHENIYLWDIHNPRVKLVSWPLCSLRRYGRDSTWFTFEAGRMCDTGEGLFTFQ 80

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|...
gi 85677491 213 TREGEMIYQKVHSATLAIAEQHE 235
Cdd:cd13164  81 TREGEQIYQRVHSATLAIAEQHK 103

PTB domain (IRS-1 type);

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491   136 NERFNV---YLMPTPNLDIYGECTMQITHENIYLwDIHNAKVKLVMWPLSSLRRYGRDSTWFTFESGRMCDTGEGLFTFQ 212
Cdd:pfam02174   1 VEVFPVtvrRTGASERCGLSGSYRLCLTAEALTL-DKLNTRVPLVSWPLTSLRRYGRDKNFFSFEAGRRCVTGEGEFWFQ 79

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491   213 TREGEMIYQKVHSATLAIAE 232
Cdd:pfam02174  80 TDDAEEIFETVLAAMKAQKE 99

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491      8 IVKQGYVKIRS-RKLGIFRRCWLVFKkasskgPRRLEKFPDEKAAYFRNFHKVTELHN--IKNITRLPRETKKHAVAIIF 84
Cdd:smart00233   1 VIKEGWLYKKSgGGKKSWKKRYFVLF------NSTLLYYKSKKDKKSYKPKGSIDLSGctVREAPDPDSSKKPHCFEIKT 74

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 85677491     85 HDETSKTFACESELEAEEWCKHLCMEC 111
Cdd:smart00233  75 SDRKTLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKAI 101

Downstream of tyrosine kinase 4, 5, and 6 proteins phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTBi); The Dok family adapters are phosphorylated by different protein tyrosine kinases. Dok proteins are involved in processes such as modulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as in control of the cell spreading and migration The Dok protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by a central phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which has a PH-like fold, and a proline- and tyrosine-rich C-terminal tail. The PH domain binds to acidic phospholids and localizes proteins to the plasma membrane, while the PTB domain mediates protein-protein interactions by binding to phosphotyrosine-containing motifs. The C-terminal part of Dok contains multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that serve as potential docking sites for Src homology 2-containing proteins such as ras GTPase-activating protein and Nck, leading to inhibition of ras signaling pathway activation and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun activation, respectively. There are 7 mammalian Dok members: Dok-1 to Dok-7. Dok-1 and Dok-2 act as negative regulators of the Ras-Erk pathway downstream of many immunoreceptor-mediated signaling systems, and it is believed that recruitment of p120 rasGAP by Dok-1 and Dok-2 is critical to their negative regulation. Dok-3 is a negative regulator of the activation of JNK and mobilization of Ca2+ in B-cell receptor-mediated signaling, interacting with SHIP-1 and Grb2. Dok-4- 6 play roles in protein tyrosine kinase(PTK)-mediated signaling in neural cells and Dok-7 is the key cytoplasmic activator of MuSK (Muscle-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase). PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the IRS-like subgroup.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491 133 REQNERFNVYLMPTPNLDIYGECTMQITHENIYLWDIHNAKVKLVMWPLSSLRRYGRDSTWFTFESGRMCDTGEGLFTFQ 212
Cdd:cd13164   1 REQNERFNVFLLPSPNLDVYGECLLQITHENIYLWDIHNPRVKLVSWPLCSLRRYGRDSTWFTFEAGRMCDTGEGLFTFQ 80

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|...
gi 85677491 213 TREGEMIYQKVHSATLAIAEQHE 235
Cdd:cd13164  81 TREGEQIYQRVHSATLAIAEQHK 103

PTB domain (IRS-1 type);

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491   136 NERFNV---YLMPTPNLDIYGECTMQITHENIYLwDIHNAKVKLVMWPLSSLRRYGRDSTWFTFESGRMCDTGEGLFTFQ 212
Cdd:pfam02174   1 VEVFPVtvrRTGASERCGLSGSYRLCLTAEALTL-DKLNTRVPLVSWPLTSLRRYGRDKNFFSFEAGRRCVTGEGEFWFQ 79

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491   213 TREGEMIYQKVHSATLAIAE 232
Cdd:pfam02174  80 TDDAEEIFETVLAAMKAQKE 99

Downstream of tyrosine kinase 1, 2, and 3 proteins phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTBi); The Dok family adapters are phosphorylated by different protein tyrosine kinases. Dok proteins are involved in processes such as modulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as in control of the cell spreading and migration The Dok protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by a central phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which has a PH-like fold, and a proline- and tyrosine-rich C-terminal tail. The PH domain is binds to acidic phospholids and localizes proteins to the plasma membrane, while the PTB domain mediates protein-protein interactions by binding to phosphotyrosine-containing motifs. The C-terminal part of Dok contains multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that serve as potential docking sites for Src homology 2-containing proteins such as ras GTPase-activating protein and Nck, leading to inhibition of ras signaling pathway activation and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun activation, respectively. There are 7 mammalian Dok members: Dok-1 to Dok-7. Dok-1 and Dok-2 act as negative regulators of the Ras-Erk pathway downstream of many immunoreceptor-mediated signaling systems, and it is believed that recruitment of p120 rasGAP by Dok-1 and Dok-2 is critical to their negative regulation. Dok-3 is a negative regulator of the activation of JNK and mobilization of Ca2+ in B-cell receptor-mediated signaling, interacting with SHIP-1 and Grb2. Dok-4- 6 play roles in protein tyrosine kinase(PTK)-mediated signaling in neural cells and Dok-7 is the key cytoplasmic activator of MuSK (Muscle-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase). PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the IRS-like subgroup.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491 153 GECTMQITHENIYLWDIHNAKVkLVMWPLSSLRRYGRDSTWFTFESGRMCDTGEGLFTFQTREGEMIYQKVHSatlAIAE 232
Cdd:cd01203  22 GSYLLRAGQDALELLDPQTKKP-LYSWPYRFLRRFGRDKVMFSFEAGRRCDSGEGLFTFETPQGNEIFQAVEA---AIAA 97

                .
gi 85677491 233 Q 233
Cdd:cd01203  98 Q 98

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) molecules are mediators in insulin signaling and play a role in maintaining basic cellular functions such as growth and metabolism. They act as docking proteins between the insulin receptor and a complex network of intracellular signaling molecules containing Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. Four members (IRS-1, IRS-2, IRS-3, IRS-4) of this family have been identified that differ as to tissue distribution, subcellular localization, developmental expression, binding to the insulin receptor, and interaction with SH2 domain-containing proteins. IRS molecules have an N-terminal PH domain, followed by an IRS-like PTB domain which has a PH-like fold. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.cytoskeletal associated molecules, and in lipid associated enzymes.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491   6 NDIVKQGYVkirsRKLGIFRRCWLVFKKASSKGPRRLEKFPDEKaAYFRNFH--KVTELHNIKNITRLPRETKKHAVAII 83
Cdd:cd01257   1 TDVRKSGYL----KKLKTMRKRYFVLRAESHGGPARLEYYENEK-KFRRNAEpkRVIPLSSCFNINKRADAKHKHLIALY 75

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491  84 FHDETSkTFACESELEAEEW 103
Cdd:cd01257  76 TKDECF-GLVAESEEEQDEW 94

Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 85677491  10 KQGYVKIRSRK-LGIFRRCWLVFKKasskgpRRLEKFPDEKAAYFRNFHKVtELHNIKNITRLPRETKKHAVAIIFHDET 88
Cdd:cd00821   1 KEGYLLKRGGGgLKSWKKRWFVLFE------GVLLYYKSKKDSSYKPKGSI-PLSGILEVEEVSPKERPHCFELVTPDGR 73

                        90
                ....*....|....*....
gi 85677491  89 SKTFACESELEAEEWCKHL 107
Cdd:cd00821  74 TYYLQADSEEERQEWLKAL 92

Downstream of tyrosine kinase 7 phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTBi); The Dok family adapters are phosphorylated by different protein tyrosine kinases. Dok proteins are involved in processes such as modulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as in control of the cell spreading and migration The Dok protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by a central phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which has a PH-like fold, and a proline- and tyrosine-rich C-terminal tail. The PH domain is binds to acidic phospholids and localizes proteins to the plasma membrane, while the PTB domain mediates protein-protein interactions by binding to phosphotyrosine-containing motifs. The C-terminal part of Dok contains multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that serve as potential docking sites for Src homology 2-containing proteins such as ras GTPase-activating protein and Nck, leading to inhibition of ras signaling pathway activation and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun activation, respectively. There are 7 mammalian Dok members: Dok-1 to Dok-7. Dok-1 and Dok-2 act as negative regulators of the Ras-Erk pathway downstream of many immunoreceptor-mediated signaling systems, and it is believed that recruitment of p120 rasGAP by Dok-1 and Dok-2 is critical to their negative regulation. Dok-3 is a negative regulator of the activation of JNK and mobilization of Ca2+ in B-cell receptor-mediated signaling, interacting with SHIP-1 and Grb2. Dok-4- 6 play roles in protein tyrosine kinase(PTK)-mediated signaling in neural cells and Dok-7 is the key cytoplasmic activator of MuSK (Muscle-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase). PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the IRS-like subgroup.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 85677491 179 WPLSSLRRYGRDSTWFTFESGRMCDTGEGLFTFQTREGEMI 219
Cdd:cd13165  45 WKLSDLRRYGAVPGGFIFEGGTRCGKWAGVFFLSTEEGEQI 85

SifA and kinesin-interacting protein Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; SKIP (also called PLEKHM2/Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 2) is a soluble cytosolic protein that contains a RUN domain and a PH domain separated by a unstructured linker region. SKIP is a target of the Salmonella effector protein SifA and the SifA-SKIP complex regulates kinesin-1 on the bacterial vacuole. The PH domain of SKIP binds to the N-terminal region of SifA while the N-terminus of SKIP is proposed to bind the TPR domain of the kinesin light chain. The opposite side of the SKIP PH domain is proposed to bind phosphoinositides. TSifA, SKIP, SseJ, and RhoA family GTPases are also thought to promote host membrane tubulation. Recently, it was shown that the lysosomal GTPase Arl8 binds to the kinesin-1 linker SKIP and that both are required for the normal intracellular distribution of lysosomes. Interestingly, two kinesin light chain binding motifs (WD) in SKIP have now been identified to match a consensus sequence for a kinesin light chain binding site found in several proteins including calsyntenin-1/alcadein, caytaxin, and vaccinia virus A36. SKIP has also been shown to interact with Rab1A. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 85677491  70 RLPRETKKHAVAIIFHDETSKTFACESELEAEEWCKHLC 108
Cdd:cd13309  59 RINNTERPHTFELILTDRSSLELAAPDEYEASEWLQSLC 97

FERM domain C-lobe/F3 of Talin; Talin (also called filopodin) plays an important role in initiating actin filament growth in motile cell protrusions. It is responsible for linking the cytoplasmic domains of integrins to the actin-based cytoskeleton, and is involved in vinculin, integrin and actin interactions. At the leading edge of motile cells, talin colocalises with the hyaluronan receptor layilin in transient adhesions, some of which become more stable focal adhesions (FA). During this maturation process, layilin is replaced with integrins, where localized production of PI(4,5)P(2) by type 1 phosphatidyl inositol phosphate kinase type 1gamma (PIPK1gamma) is thought to play a role in FA assembly. Talins are composed of a N-terminal region FERM domain which us made up of 3 subdomains (N, alpha-, and C-lobe; or- A-lobe, B-lobe, and C-lobe; or F1, F2, and F3) connected by short linkers, a talin rod which binds vinculin, and a conserved C-terminal region with actin- and integrin-binding sites. There are 2 additional actin-binding domains, one in the talin rod and the other in the FERM domain. Both the F2 and F3 FERM subdomains contribute to F-actin binding. Subdomain F3 of the FERM domain contains overlapping binding sites for integrin cytoplasmic domains and for the type 1 gamma isoform of PIP-kinase (phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase). The FERM domain has a cloverleaf tripart structure . F3 within the FERM domain is part of the PH domain family. The FERM domain is found in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins such as ezrin, moesin, radixin, 4.1R, and merlin. These proteins provide a link between the membrane and cytoskeleton and are involved in signal transduction pathways. The FERM domain is also found in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) , the tyrosine kinases FAK and JAK, in addition to other proteins involved in signaling. This domain is structurally similar to the PH and PTB domains and consequently is capable of binding to both peptides and phospholipids at different sites.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 85677491 159 ITHENIYLWDIHNAKVkLVMWPLSSLRRYGRDSTWFTFESGrmcDTGEGLFTFQTREGEMIYQ 221
Cdd:cd10569  24 ITKESVLRLDEETKEV-LKVWPLTTIKRWAASPKSFTLDFG---DYSENYYSVQTTEGEQISQ 82