C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in natural killer cell receptors (NKRs); CLECT_NK_receptors_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in natural killer cell receptors (NKRs), including proteins similar to oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) receptor (LOX-1), CD94, CD69, NKG2-A and -D, osteoclast inhibitory lectin (OCIL), dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (dectin-1), human myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin-like receptor (MICL), mast cell-associated functional antigen (MAFA), killer cell lectin-like receptors: subfamily F, member 1 (KLRF1) and subfamily B, member 1 (KLRB1), and lys49 receptors. CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. NKRs are variously associated with activation or inhibition of natural killer (NK) cells. Activating NKRs stimulate cytolysis by NK cells of virally infected or transformed cells; inhibitory NKRs block cytolysis upon recognition of markers of healthy self cells. Most Lys49 receptors are inhibitory; some are stimulatory. OCIL inhibits NK cell function via binding to the receptor NKRP1D. Murine OCIL in addition to inhibiting NK cell function inhibits osteoclast differentiation. MAFA clusters with the type I Fc epsilon receptor (FcepsilonRI) and inhibits the mast cells secretory response to FcepsilonRI stimulus. CD72 is a negative regulator of B cell receptor signaling. NKG2D is an activating receptor for stress-induced antigens; human NKG2D ligands include the stress induced MHC-I homologs, MICA, MICB, and ULBP family of glycoproteins Several NKRs have a carbohydrate-binding capacity which is not mediated through calcium ions (e.g. OCIL binds a range of high molecular weight sulfated glycosaminoglycans including dextran sulfate, fucoidan, and gamma-carrageenan sugars). Dectin-1 binds fungal beta-glucans and in involved in the innate immune responses to fungal pathogens. MAFA binds saccharides having terminal alpha-D mannose residues in a calcium-dependent manner. LOX-1 is the major receptor for OxLDL in endothelial cells and thought to play a role in the pathology of atherosclerosis. Some NKRs exist as homodimers (e.g.Lys49, NKG2D, CD69, LOX-1) and some as heterodimers (e.g. CD94/NKG2A). Dectin-1 can function as a monomer in vitro.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 309243119  38 CPESWIGFQRKCFYFSDDTKNWTSSQRFCDSQDADLAQVESFQELNFLLRYKGPSDHWIGLSREQ-GQPWKWINGTEWTR 116
Cdd:cd03593    1 CPKDWICYGNKCYYFSMEKKTWNESKEACSSKNSSLLKIDDEEELEFLQSQIGSSSYWIGLSREKsEKPWKWIDGSPLNN 80

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 309243119 117 QFPILGA---GECAYLNDKGASSARHYTERKWICSK 149
Cdd:cd03593   81 LFNIRGStksGNCAYLSSTGIYSEDCSTKKRWICEK 116

Lectin C-type domain; This family includes both long and short form C-type

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 309243119   56 TKNWTSSQRFCDSQDADLAQVESFQELNFL--LRYKGPSDHWIGLSREQ-GQPWKWINGTE-----WTRQFPILGAGE-C 126
Cdd:pfam00059   1 SKTWDEAREACRKLGGHLVSINSAEELDFLssTLKKSNKYFWIGLTDRKnEGTWKWVDGSPvnytnWAPEPNNNGENEdC 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 309243119  127 AYLNDKGAS--SARHYTERKWICSK 149
Cdd:pfam00059  81 VELSSSSGKwnDENCNSKNPFVCEK 105

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in natural killer cell receptors (NKRs); CLECT_NK_receptors_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in natural killer cell receptors (NKRs), including proteins similar to oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) receptor (LOX-1), CD94, CD69, NKG2-A and -D, osteoclast inhibitory lectin (OCIL), dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (dectin-1), human myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin-like receptor (MICL), mast cell-associated functional antigen (MAFA), killer cell lectin-like receptors: subfamily F, member 1 (KLRF1) and subfamily B, member 1 (KLRB1), and lys49 receptors. CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. NKRs are variously associated with activation or inhibition of natural killer (NK) cells. Activating NKRs stimulate cytolysis by NK cells of virally infected or transformed cells; inhibitory NKRs block cytolysis upon recognition of markers of healthy self cells. Most Lys49 receptors are inhibitory; some are stimulatory. OCIL inhibits NK cell function via binding to the receptor NKRP1D. Murine OCIL in addition to inhibiting NK cell function inhibits osteoclast differentiation. MAFA clusters with the type I Fc epsilon receptor (FcepsilonRI) and inhibits the mast cells secretory response to FcepsilonRI stimulus. CD72 is a negative regulator of B cell receptor signaling. NKG2D is an activating receptor for stress-induced antigens; human NKG2D ligands include the stress induced MHC-I homologs, MICA, MICB, and ULBP family of glycoproteins Several NKRs have a carbohydrate-binding capacity which is not mediated through calcium ions (e.g. OCIL binds a range of high molecular weight sulfated glycosaminoglycans including dextran sulfate, fucoidan, and gamma-carrageenan sugars). Dectin-1 binds fungal beta-glucans and in involved in the innate immune responses to fungal pathogens. MAFA binds saccharides having terminal alpha-D mannose residues in a calcium-dependent manner. LOX-1 is the major receptor for OxLDL in endothelial cells and thought to play a role in the pathology of atherosclerosis. Some NKRs exist as homodimers (e.g.Lys49, NKG2D, CD69, LOX-1) and some as heterodimers (e.g. CD94/NKG2A). Dectin-1 can function as a monomer in vitro.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 309243119  38 CPESWIGFQRKCFYFSDDTKNWTSSQRFCDSQDADLAQVESFQELNFLLRYKGPSDHWIGLSREQ-GQPWKWINGTEWTR 116
Cdd:cd03593    1 CPKDWICYGNKCYYFSMEKKTWNESKEACSSKNSSLLKIDDEEELEFLQSQIGSSSYWIGLSREKsEKPWKWIDGSPLNN 80

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 309243119 117 QFPILGA---GECAYLNDKGASSARHYTERKWICSK 149
Cdd:cd03593   81 LFNIRGStksGNCAYLSSTGIYSEDCSTKKRWICEK 116

C-type lectin-like protein; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 309243119  38 CPESWIGFQRKCFYFSDDTKNWTSSQRFCDSQDADLAQVESFQELNFLLRYKGPSDHWIGLSREQGQPWKwinGTEWTRQ 117
Cdd:PHA03097  46 CRSGWVGYNNKCYTFSENITNKHLAIERCADMDGILTLIDDQKEVLFVSRYKGGQDLWIGIEKKKGDDDD---REVLDKV 122

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 309243119 118 FPILGAGECAYLNDKGASSARHYTERKWICS 148
Cdd:PHA03097 123 VKPPKSGKCAYLKDKTIISSNCNATKGWICF 153

C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain; CLECT: C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain; protein domains homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. This group is chiefly comprised of eukaryotic CTLDs, but contains some, as yet functionally uncharacterized, bacterial CTLDs. Many CTLDs are calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding modules; other CTLDs bind protein ligands, lipids, and inorganic surfaces, including CaCO3 and ice. Animal C-type lectins are involved in such functions as extracellular matrix organization, endocytosis, complement activation, pathogen recognition, and cell-cell interactions. For example: mannose-binding lectin and lung surfactant proteins A and D bind carbohydrates on surfaces (e.g. pathogens, allergens, necrotic, and apoptotic cells) and mediate functions associated with killing and phagocytosis; P (platlet)-, E (endothelial)-, and L (leukocyte)- selectins (sels) mediate the initial attachment, tethering, and rolling of lymphocytes on inflamed vascular walls enabling subsequent lymphocyte adhesion and transmigration. CTLDs may bind a variety of carbohydrate ligands including mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and fucose. Several CTLDs bind to protein ligands, and only some of these binding interactions are Ca2+-dependent; including the CTLDs of Coagulation Factors IX/X (IX/X) and Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) binding proteins, and natural killer cell receptors. C-type lectins, such as lithostathine, and some type II antifreeze glycoproteins function in a Ca2+-independent manner to bind inorganic surfaces. Many proteins in this group contain a single CTLD; these CTLDs associate with each other through several different surfaces to form dimers, trimers, or tetramers, from which ligand-binding sites project in different orientations. Various vertebrate type 1 transmembrane proteins including macrophage mannose receptor, endo180, phospholipase A2 receptor, and dendritic and epithelial cell receptor (DEC205) have extracellular domains containing 8 or more CTLDs; these CTLDs remain in the parent model. In some members (IX/X and VWF binding proteins), a loop extends to the adjoining domain to form a loop-swapped dimer. A similar conformation is seen in the macrophage mannose receptor CRD4's putative non-sugar bound form of the domain in the acid environment of the endosome. Lineage specific expansions of CTLDs have occurred in several animal lineages including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans; these CTLDs also remain in the parent model.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 309243119  48 KCFYFSDDTKNWTSSQRFCDSQDADLAQVESFQELNFL---LRYKGPSDHWIGLSR-EQGQPWKWINGTE------WTRQ 117
Cdd:cd00037    1 SCYKFSTEKLTWEEAQEYCRSLGGHLASIHSEEENDFLaslLKKSSSSDVWIGLNDlSSEGTWKWSDGSPlvdytnWAPG 80

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 309243119 118 FPILGAGE-CAYLNDKGA---SSARHYTERKWICSK 149
Cdd:cd00037   81 EPNPGGSEdCVVLSSSSDgkwNDVSCSSKLPFICEK 116

C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain subgroup 1; a subgroup of protein domains homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins; CLECT_1: C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain subgroup 1; a subgroup of protein domains homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. Many CTLDs are calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding modules; other CTLDs bind protein ligands, lipids, and inorganic surfaces including CaCO3 and ice. Animal C-type lectins are involved in such functions as extracellular matrix organization, endocytosis, complement activation, pathogen recognition, and cell-cell interactions. CTLDs may bind a variety of carbohydrate ligands including mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and fucose. CTLDs associate with each other through several different surfaces to form dimers, trimers, or tetramers from which ligand-binding sites project in different orientations. In some CTLDs a loop extends to the adjoining domain to form a loop-swapped dimer.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 309243119  50 FYFSDDTKNWTSSQRFCDSQDADLAQVESFQELNFL--LRYKGPSDHWIGLSREQGqPWKWING-----TEWTrQFPILG 122
Cdd:cd03602    3 FYLVNESKTWSEAQQYCRENYTDLATVQNQEDNALLsnLSRVSNSAAWIGLYRDVD-SWRWSDGsessfRNWN-TFQPFG 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 309243119 123 AGECAYLNDKGASSARHYTERK-WICSK 149
Cdd:cd03602   81 QGDCATMYSSGRWYAALCSALKpFICYD 108

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in Human REG-1 (lithostathine), REG-4, and avian eggshell-specific proteins: ansocalcin, structhiocalcin-1(SCA-1), and -2(SCA-2); CLECT_REG-1_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in Human REG-1 (lithostathine), REG-4, and avian eggshell-specific proteins: ansocalcin, structhiocalcin-1(SCA-1), and -2(SCA-2). CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. REG-1 is a proliferating factor which participates in various kinds of tissue regeneration including pancreatic beta-cell regeneration, regeneration of intestinal mucosa, regeneration of motor neurons, and perhaps in tissue regeneration of damaged heart. REG-1 may play a role on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and in the development of gastric cancers. Its expression is correlated with reduced survival from early-stage colorectal cancer. REG-1 also binds and aggregates several bacterial strains from the intestinal flora and it has been suggested that it is involved in the control of the intestinal bacterial ecosystem. Rat lithostathine has calcium carbonate crystal inhibitor activity in vitro. REG-IV is unregulated in pancreatic, gastric, hepatocellular, and prostrate adenocarcinomas. REG-IV activates the EGF receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in colorectal carcinoma. Ansocalcin, SCA-1 and -2 are found at high concentration in the calcified egg shell layer of goose and ostrich, respectively and tend to form aggregates. Ansocalcin nucleates calcite crystal aggregates in vitro.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 309243119  38 CPESWIGFQRKCFYFSDDTKNWTSSQRFCDS--QDADLAQVESFQELNFLLRY-----KGPSDHWIGLSR-EQGQPWKWI 109
Cdd:cd03594    1 CPKGWLPYKGNCYGYFRQPLSWSDAELFCQKygPGAHLASIHSPAEAAAIASLissyqKAYQPVWIGLHDpQQSRGWEWS 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 309243119 110 NGT-----EWTRQFPILGAGECAYLNDK 132
Cdd:cd03594   81 DGSkldyrSWDRNPPYARGGYCAELSRS 108

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core proteins; CLECT_CSPGs: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core proteins (CSPGs) in human and chicken aggrecan, frog brevican, and zebra fish dermacan. CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. In cartilage, aggrecan forms cartilage link protein stabilized aggregates with hyaluronan (HA). These aggregates contribute to the tissue's load bearing properties. Aggregates having other CSPGs substituting for aggrecan may contribute to the structural integrity of many different tissues. Xenopus brevican is expressed in the notochord and the brain during early embryogenesis. Zebra fish dermacan is expressed in dermal bones and may play a role in dermal bone development. CSPGs do contain LINK domain(s) which bind HA. These LINK domains are considered by one classification system to be a variety of CTLD, but are omitted from this hierarchical classification based on insignificant sequence similarity.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 309243119  38 CPESWIGFQRKCFYFSDDTKNWTSSQRFCDSQDADLAQVESFQELNFLLRyKGPSDHWIGLS 99
Cdd:cd03588    1 CEEGWDKFQGHCYRHFPDRETWEDAERRCREQQGHLSSIVTPEEQEFVNN-NAQDYQWIGLN 61