Amyloid beta (A4) Precursor protein-Binding, family B, member 1 Interacting Protein pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; APBB1IP consists of a Ras-associated (RA) domain, a PH domain, a family-specific BPS region, and a C-terminal SH2 domain. Grb7, Grb10 and Grb14 are paralogs that are also present in this hierarchy. These adapter proteins bind a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases, including the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) receptors. Grb10 and Grb14 are important tissue-specific negative regulators of insulin and IGF1 signaling based and may contribute to type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes in humans. RA-PH function as a single structural unit and is dimerized via a helical extension of the PH domain. The PH domain here are proposed to bind phosphoinositides non-cannonically ahd are unlikely to bind an activated GTPase. The tandem RA-PH domains are present in a second adapter-protein family, MRL proteins, Caenorhabditis elegans protein MIG-1012, the mammalian proteins RIAM and lamellipodin and the Drosophila melanogaster protein Pico12, all of which are Ena/VASP-binding proteins involved in actin-cytoskeleton rearrangement. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 225 NAGSFPEIQGFLQLRGSGRKLWKRFFCFLRRSGLYYSTKGTSKDPRHLQYVADVNESNVYVVTQGRKLYGMPTDFGFCVK 304
Cdd:cd01259     1 NSVSCPEIEGFLYLKEDGKKSWKKRYFVLRASGLYYSPKGKSKESRDLQCLAQFDDYNVYTGLNGKKKYKAPTDFGFCLK 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1057503096 305 PNKLR-NGHKGLRIFCSEDEQSRTCWLAAFRLFKYGVQLYKNYQ 347
Cdd:cd01259    81 PNKQQeKGSKDIKYLCAEDEQSRTCWLTAIRLAKYGKQLYENYR 124

BPS (Between PH and SH2); The BPS (Between PH and SH2) domain, comprised of 2 beta strands and a C-terminal helix, is an approximately 45 residue region found in the adaptor proteins Grb7/10/14 that mediates inhibition of the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor by binding of the N-terminal portion of the BPS domain to the substrate peptide groove of the kinase, acting as a pseudosubstrate inhibitor.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1057503096 365 RSASDNTLVAMDFSGHAGRVIENPREALSVALEEAQAWRKKTNHRL 410
Cdd:pfam08947   1 RSVSESSLVAMDFSGAGGRVIENPEEALSEAEEEGAAWRKKTLRRC 46

Amyloid beta (A4) Precursor protein-Binding, family B, member 1 Interacting Protein pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; APBB1IP consists of a Ras-associated (RA) domain, a PH domain, a family-specific BPS region, and a C-terminal SH2 domain. Grb7, Grb10 and Grb14 are paralogs that are also present in this hierarchy. These adapter proteins bind a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases, including the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) receptors. Grb10 and Grb14 are important tissue-specific negative regulators of insulin and IGF1 signaling based and may contribute to type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes in humans. RA-PH function as a single structural unit and is dimerized via a helical extension of the PH domain. The PH domain here are proposed to bind phosphoinositides non-cannonically ahd are unlikely to bind an activated GTPase. The tandem RA-PH domains are present in a second adapter-protein family, MRL proteins, Caenorhabditis elegans protein MIG-1012, the mammalian proteins RIAM and lamellipodin and the Drosophila melanogaster protein Pico12, all of which are Ena/VASP-binding proteins involved in actin-cytoskeleton rearrangement. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 225 NAGSFPEIQGFLQLRGSGRKLWKRFFCFLRRSGLYYSTKGTSKDPRHLQYVADVNESNVYVVTQGRKLYGMPTDFGFCVK 304
Cdd:cd01259     1 NSVSCPEIEGFLYLKEDGKKSWKKRYFVLRASGLYYSPKGKSKESRDLQCLAQFDDYNVYTGLNGKKKYKAPTDFGFCLK 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1057503096 305 PNKLR-NGHKGLRIFCSEDEQSRTCWLAAFRLFKYGVQLYKNYQ 347
Cdd:cd01259    81 PNKQQeKGSKDIKYLCAEDEQSRTCWLTAIRLAKYGKQLYENYR 124

BPS (Between PH and SH2); The BPS (Between PH and SH2) domain, comprised of 2 beta strands and a C-terminal helix, is an approximately 45 residue region found in the adaptor proteins Grb7/10/14 that mediates inhibition of the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor by binding of the N-terminal portion of the BPS domain to the substrate peptide groove of the kinase, acting as a pseudosubstrate inhibitor.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1057503096 365 RSASDNTLVAMDFSGHAGRVIENPREALSVALEEAQAWRKKTNHRL 410
Cdd:pfam08947   1 RSVSESSLVAMDFSGAGGRVIENPEEALSEAEEEGAAWRKKTLRRC 46

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain; RasGTP effectors (in cases of AF6, canoe and RalGDS); putative RasGTP effectors in other cases. Recent evidence (not yet in MEDLINE) shows that some RA domains do NOT bind RasGTP. Predicted structure similar to that determined, and that of the RasGTP-binding domain of Raf kinase.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 101 PHVVKVYSEDGA----CRSVEVAAGATARHVCEMLVQRAH-ALSDETWGLVECHPHLALERGLEDHESVVEVQAAWPV-G 174
Cdd:pfam00788   2 DGVLKVYTEDGKpgttYKTILVSSSTTAEEVIEALLEKFGlEDDPRDYVLVEVLERGGGERRLPDDECPLQIQLQWPRdA 81

                          90
                  ....*....|
gi 1057503096 175 GDSRFVFRKN 184
Cdd:pfam00788  82 SDSRFLLRKR 91

PH domain; PH stands for pleckstrin homology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 230 PEIQGFLQLRGSGRKL-WKRFFCFLRRSGLYYSTKgtSKDPRHLQYVADVNESNVYVVTQGRKLYgMPTDFGFCVKPNKL 308
Cdd:pfam00169   1 VVKEGWLLKKGGGKKKsWKKRYFVLFDGSLLYYKD--DKSGKSKEPKGSISLSGCEVVEVVASDS-PKRKFCFELRTGER 77

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 309 RNGHKglRIFCSEDEQSRTCWLAAFRLFKY 338
Cdd:pfam00169  78 TGKRT--YLLQAESEEERKDWIKAIQSAIR 105

Amyloid beta (A4) Precursor protein-Binding, family B, member 1 Interacting Protein pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; APBB1IP consists of a Ras-associated (RA) domain, a PH domain, a family-specific BPS region, and a C-terminal SH2 domain. Grb7, Grb10 and Grb14 are paralogs that are also present in this hierarchy. These adapter proteins bind a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases, including the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) receptors. Grb10 and Grb14 are important tissue-specific negative regulators of insulin and IGF1 signaling based and may contribute to type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes in humans. RA-PH function as a single structural unit and is dimerized via a helical extension of the PH domain. The PH domain here are proposed to bind phosphoinositides non-cannonically ahd are unlikely to bind an activated GTPase. The tandem RA-PH domains are present in a second adapter-protein family, MRL proteins, Caenorhabditis elegans protein MIG-1012, the mammalian proteins RIAM and lamellipodin and the Drosophila melanogaster protein Pico12, all of which are Ena/VASP-binding proteins involved in actin-cytoskeleton rearrangement. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 225 NAGSFPEIQGFLQLRGSGRKLWKRFFCFLRRSGLYYSTKGTSKDPRHLQYVADVNESNVYVVTQGRKLYGMPTDFGFCVK 304
Cdd:cd01259     1 NSVSCPEIEGFLYLKEDGKKSWKKRYFVLRASGLYYSPKGKSKESRDLQCLAQFDDYNVYTGLNGKKKYKAPTDFGFCLK 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1057503096 305 PNKLR-NGHKGLRIFCSEDEQSRTCWLAAFRLFKYGVQLYKNYQ 347
Cdd:cd01259    81 PNKQQeKGSKDIKYLCAEDEQSRTCWLTAIRLAKYGKQLYENYR 124

Ras-associating (RA) domain found in growth factor receptor-bound (Grb) protein 7/10/14; The RA domain is highly conserved among the members of the Grb proteins family which includes Grb7, Grb10 and Grb14. Grb7/10/14 are multi-domain cytoplasmic adaptor proteins that are recruited to activated receptor tyrosine kinases. RA domain has the beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold with low sequence similarity to ubiquitin (Ub). Ub is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair in eukaryotes. Grb7 and its related family members Grb10 and Grb14 share a conserved domain architecture that includes an amino-terminal proline-rich region, a central segment termed the GM region (for Grb and Mig) which includes the RA, PIR, and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, and a carboxyl-terminal SH2 domain. The tandem RA and PH domains of Grb7/10/14 are also found in a second adaptor family, Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) and lamellipodin, which is involved in actin-cytoskeleton rearrangement. Grb7/10/14 family proteins are phosphorylated on serine/threonine as well as tyrosine residues and are mainly localized to the cytoplasm.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 101 PHVVKVYSEDGACRSVEVAAGATARHVCEMLVQRAHALSDETWGLVECHPHLALERGLEDHESVVEVQAAWPVGGDSRFV 180
Cdd:cd16124     1 KQVVKVYSEDGTSRSVEVAADATARDVCQLLVQKAHALDDESWTLVEHHPHLGLERGLEDHELVVEVQSAWPVGGESKFV 80

                  ....*
gi 1057503096 181 FRKNF 185
Cdd:cd16124    81 FRKNY 85

Ras-associating (RA) domain found in Mig10/RIAM/Lpd (MRL) family and growth factor receptor-bound (Grb) protein 7/10/14; MRL proteins share a common structural architecture, including a central structural unit consisting of a Ras-associating (RA) domain and a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an upstream coiled-coil region, and a number of polyproline motifs. RA domain-containing proteins function by interacting with Ras proteins directly or indirectly and are involved in several different functions ranging from tumor suppression to being oncoproteins. Ras proteins are small GTPases that are involved in cellular signal transduction. RA domain has the beta-grasp ubiquitin-like (Ubl) fold with low sequence similarity to ubiquitin (Ub). Ub is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair in eukaryotes. RA and PH form a tandem domain pair (RA-PH), and serve tightly coordinated functions in both Ras GTPase signaling via the RA domain and membrane translocalization via the PH domain. MRL proteins have distinct functions in cell migration and adhesion, signaling, and in cell growth. Grb7/10/14 are multi-domain cytoplasmic adaptor proteins that are recruited to activated receptor tyrosine kinases. Grb7 and its related family members Grb10 and Grb14 share a conserved domain architecture that includes an amino-terminal proline-rich region, a central segment termed the GM region (for Grb and Mig) which includes the RA, PIR, and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, and a carboxyl-terminal SH2 domain. The tandem RA and PH domains of Grb7/10/14 are also found in a second adaptor family, Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) and lamellipodin, which is involved in actin-cytoskeleton rearrangement. Grb7/10/14 family proteins are phosphorylated on serine/threonine as well as tyrosine residues and are mainly localized to the cytoplasm.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 103 VVKVYSEDGACRSVEVAAGATARHVCEMLVQRAHALSDETWGLVECHPHLALERGLEDHESVVEVQAAWPVGGDSRFVFR 182
Cdd:cd17112     1 VVKVYNEDGSSKTVAVDENMTARDVCQILVEKNHVDPDKSWSLVEELPELGLERTLEDHELVVDVYSKWPSDSNNKFLFR 80

                  .
gi 1057503096 183 K 183
Cdd:cd17112    81 K 81

BPS (Between PH and SH2); The BPS (Between PH and SH2) domain, comprised of 2 beta strands and a C-terminal helix, is an approximately 45 residue region found in the adaptor proteins Grb7/10/14 that mediates inhibition of the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor by binding of the N-terminal portion of the BPS domain to the substrate peptide groove of the kinase, acting as a pseudosubstrate inhibitor.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1057503096 365 RSASDNTLVAMDFSGHAGRVIENPREALSVALEEAQAWRKKTNHRL 410
Cdd:pfam08947   1 RSVSESSLVAMDFSGAGGRVIENPEEALSEAEEEGAAWRKKTLRRC 46

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain; RasGTP effectors (in cases of AF6, canoe and RalGDS); putative RasGTP effectors in other cases. Recent evidence (not yet in MEDLINE) shows that some RA domains do NOT bind RasGTP. Predicted structure similar to that determined, and that of the RasGTP-binding domain of Raf kinase.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 101 PHVVKVYSEDGA----CRSVEVAAGATARHVCEMLVQRAH-ALSDETWGLVECHPHLALERGLEDHESVVEVQAAWPV-G 174
Cdd:pfam00788   2 DGVLKVYTEDGKpgttYKTILVSSSTTAEEVIEALLEKFGlEDDPRDYVLVEVLERGGGERRLPDDECPLQIQLQWPRdA 81

                          90
                  ....*....|
gi 1057503096 175 GDSRFVFRKN 184
Cdd:pfam00788  82 SDSRFLLRKR 91

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096  230 PEIQGFLQLRGS-GRKLWKRFFCFLRRSGLYYSTKGTSKDPRHLQYVADVNESNVYVVTQGRKlygMPTDFGFcvkpnKL 308
Cdd:smart00233   1 VIKEGWLYKKSGgGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLYYKSKKDKKSYKPKGSIDLSGCTVREAPDPDS---SKKPHCF-----EI 72

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1057503096  309 RNGHKGLRIFCSEDEQSRTCWLAAFR 334
Cdd:smart00233  73 KTSDRKTLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALR 98

PH domain; PH stands for pleckstrin homology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 230 PEIQGFLQLRGSGRKL-WKRFFCFLRRSGLYYSTKgtSKDPRHLQYVADVNESNVYVVTQGRKLYgMPTDFGFCVKPNKL 308
Cdd:pfam00169   1 VVKEGWLLKKGGGKKKsWKKRYFVLFDGSLLYYKD--DKSGKSKEPKGSISLSGCEVVEVVASDS-PKRKFCFELRTGER 77

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 309 RNGHKglRIFCSEDEQSRTCWLAAFRLFKY 338
Cdd:pfam00169  78 TGKRT--YLLQAESEEERKDWIKAIQSAIR 105

Ras-associating (RA) domain, structurally similar to a beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold; RA domain-containing proteins function by interacting with Ras proteins directly or indirectly and are involved in various functions ranging from tumor suppression to being oncoproteins. Ras proteins are small GTPases that are involved in cellular signal transduction. The RA domain has the beta-grasp ubiquitin-like (Ubl) fold with low sequence similarity to ubiquitin (Ub); Ub is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair. RA-containing proteins include RalGDS, AF6, RIN, RASSF1, SNX27, CYR1, STE50, and phospholipase C epsilon.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 103 VVKVYSED----GACRSVEVAAGATARHVCEMLVQRAH-ALSDETWGLVECHPHLALERGLEDHESVVEVQAAW-PVGGD 176
Cdd:cd17043     1 VLKVYDDDlapgSAYKSILVSSTTTAREVVQLLLEKYGlEEDPEDYSLYEVSEKQETERVLHDDECPLLIQLEWgPQGTE 80

                  ....*..
gi 1057503096 177 SRFVFRK 183
Cdd:cd17043    81 FRFVLKR 87

Ras-associating (RA) domain found in Arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing proteins ARAP1, ARAP2, ARAP3, and similar proteins; ARAPs are phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3))-dependent Arf Rap-activated guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating proteins (GAPs). They contain multiple functional domains, including ArfGAP and RhoGAP domains, as well as a sterile alpha motif (Sam) domain, five PH domains, and a RA domain. The RA domain has the beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold with low sequence similarity to ubiquitin (Ub); Ub is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair in eukaryotes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 104 VKVYSEDGACRSVEVAAGATARHVCEMLVQRAH-ALSDETWGLVECHPHLALERGLEDHESVVEVQAAWPV--GGDSRFV 180
Cdd:cd17113     8 VYIEEKEGTSVNIKVTPTMTAEEVVEQALNKKNlGGPEGNWALFEVIEDGGLERPLHESEKVLDVVLRWSQwpRKSNYLC 87

                  ....
gi 1057503096 181 FRKN 184
Cdd:cd17113    88 VKKN 91

RAS p21 protein activator (GTPase activating protein) 1 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; RASA1 (also called RasGap1 or p120) is a member of the RasGAP family of GTPase-activating proteins. RASA1 contains N-terminal SH2-SH3-SH2 domains, followed by two C2 domains, a PH domain, a RasGAP domain, and a BTK domain. Splice variants lack the N-terminal domains. It is a cytosolic vertebrate protein that acts as a suppressor of RAS via its C-terminal GAP domain function, enhancing the weak intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of RAS, allowing control of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, it is involved in mitogenic signal transmission towards downstream interacting partners through its N-terminal SH2-SH3-SH2 domains. RASA1 interacts with a number of proteins including: G3BP1, SOCS3, ANXA6, Huntingtin, KHDRBS1, Src, EPHB3, EPH receptor B2, Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, PTK2B, DOK1, PDGFRB, HCK, Caveolin 2, DNAJA3, HRAS, GNB2L1 and NCK1. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 233 QGFLQLRGSGRKLWKRFFCFL--RRSGLYYSTKGTSKDPRHLqyvADVNESNVYVVTQgrKLYGMPTDFGFCVKPNKLRN 310
Cdd:cd13260     6 KGYLLKKGGKNKKWKNLYFVLegKEQHLYFFDNEKRTKPKGL---IDLSYCSLYPVHD--SLFGRPNCFQIVVRALNEST 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1057503096 311 GHkglrIFCSEDEQSRTCWLAAFRLF 336
Cdd:cd13260    81 IT----YLCADTAELAQEWMRALRAF 102

ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; ACAP (also called centaurin beta) functions both as a Rab35 effector and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) by which it controls actin remodeling and membrane trafficking. ACAP contain an NH2-terminal bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a phospholipid-binding domain, a PH domain, a GAP domain, and four ankyrin repeats. The AZAPs constitute a family of Arf GAPs that are characterized by an NH2-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and a central Arf GAP domain followed by two or more ankyrin repeats. On the basis of sequence and domain organization, the AZAP family is further subdivided into four subfamilies: 1) the ACAPs contain an NH2-terminal bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain (a phospholipid-binding domain that is thought to sense membrane curvature), a single PH domain followed by the GAP domain, and four ankyrin repeats; 2) the ASAPs also contain an NH2-terminal BAR domain, the tandem PH domain/GAP domain, three ankyrin repeats, two proline-rich regions, and a COOH-terminal Src homology 3 domain; 3) the AGAPs contain an NH2-terminal GTPase-like domain (GLD), a split PH domain, and the GAP domain followed by four ankyrin repeats; and 4) the ARAPs contain both an Arf GAP domain and a Rho GAP domain, as well as an NH2-terminal sterile-a motif (SAM), a proline-rich region, a GTPase-binding domain, and five PH domains. PMID 18003747 and 19055940 Centaurin can bind to phosphatidlyinositol (3,4,5)P3. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1057503096 232 IQGFLQLRGS-GRKLWKRFFCFLRRSGLYYSTKGTSKDPRHLqyVADVNESNVYVVTQgrklygmpTDFGFC---VKPNK 307
Cdd:cd13250     1 KEGYLFKRSSnAFKTWKRRWFSLQNGQLYYQKRDKKDEPTVM--VEDLRLCTVKPTED--------SDRRFCfevISPTK 70

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1057503096 308 lrnghkglrIFC--SEDEQSRTCWLAAFR 334
Cdd:cd13250    71 ---------SYMlqAESEEDRQAWIQAIQ 90