RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in vertebrate matrin-3; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM2 of Matrin 3 (MATR3 or P130), a highly conserved inner nuclear matrix protein with a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS), two zinc finger domains predicted to bind DNA, and two RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), that are known to interact with RNA. MATR3 has been implicated in various biological processes. It is involved in RNA processing by interacting with other nuclear proteins to anchor hyperedited RNAs to the nuclear matrix. It plays a role in mRNA stabilization through maintaining the stability of certain mRNA species. Besides, it modulates the activity of proximal promoters by binding to highly repetitive sequences of matrix/scaffold attachment region (MAR/SAR). The phosphorylation of MATR3 is assumed to cause neuronal death. It is phosphorylated by the protein kinase ATM, which activates the cellular response to double strand breaks in the DNA. Its phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) is responsible for the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor. Furthermore, MATR3 has been identified as both a Ca2+-dependent CaM-binding protein and a downstream substrate of caspases. Additional research indicates that matrin 3 also binds Rev/Rev responsive element (RRE)-containing viral RNA and functions as a cofactor that mediates the post-transcriptional regulation of HIV-1.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2182782382 158 RVIHLSNLPHSGYSDSAVLKLAEPYGKIKNYILMRMKSQAFIEMETREDAMAMVDHCLKKALWFQGRCVKVDLSEKYKKL 237
Cdd:cd12715     1 RVIHLSNLPHSGYSDAAVLKLAEPYGKVKNYILMRMKNQAFLEMESREDAMAMVDHCKKKPLWFQGRCVKVDLSQKYKTL 80

U1-like zinc finger; Family of C2H2-type zinc fingers, present in matrin, U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C and other RNA-binding proteins.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2182782382  460 KTGFYCKLCSLFYTNeEVAKNTHCSSLPHYQKLKKF 495
Cdd:smart00451   1 TGGFYCKLCNVTFTD-EISVEAHLKGKKHKKNVKKR 35

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in vertebrate matrin-3; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM2 of Matrin 3 (MATR3 or P130), a highly conserved inner nuclear matrix protein with a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS), two zinc finger domains predicted to bind DNA, and two RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), that are known to interact with RNA. MATR3 has been implicated in various biological processes. It is involved in RNA processing by interacting with other nuclear proteins to anchor hyperedited RNAs to the nuclear matrix. It plays a role in mRNA stabilization through maintaining the stability of certain mRNA species. Besides, it modulates the activity of proximal promoters by binding to highly repetitive sequences of matrix/scaffold attachment region (MAR/SAR). The phosphorylation of MATR3 is assumed to cause neuronal death. It is phosphorylated by the protein kinase ATM, which activates the cellular response to double strand breaks in the DNA. Its phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) is responsible for the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor. Furthermore, MATR3 has been identified as both a Ca2+-dependent CaM-binding protein and a downstream substrate of caspases. Additional research indicates that matrin 3 also binds Rev/Rev responsive element (RRE)-containing viral RNA and functions as a cofactor that mediates the post-transcriptional regulation of HIV-1.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2182782382 158 RVIHLSNLPHSGYSDSAVLKLAEPYGKIKNYILMRMKSQAFIEMETREDAMAMVDHCLKKALWFQGRCVKVDLSEKYKKL 237
Cdd:cd12715     1 RVIHLSNLPHSGYSDAAVLKLAEPYGKVKNYILMRMKNQAFLEMESREDAMAMVDHCKKKPLWFQGRCVKVDLSQKYKTL 80

hnRNP-L/PTB/hephaestus splicing factor family; Included in this family of heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins are PTB (polypyrimidine tract binding protein) and hnRNP-L. These proteins contain four RNA recognition motifs (rrm: pfam00067).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2182782382  59 SRVVHImdfqRG---KNLRYQLLQLVEPFGVISNHLILNKINEAFIEMATTEDAQAAVDYYTTTPALVFGKPVRVHLSQk 135
Cdd:TIGR01649   2 SPVVHV----RNlpqDVVEADLVEALIPFGPVSYVMMLPGKRQALVEFEDEESAKACVNFATSVPIYIRGQPAFFNYST- 76

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2182782382 136 YKRIKKPeGKPDQKFDQKQELGRVIHLSNLphsgYSDSA-VL-KLAEPYGKIKNYILMRMKS--QAFIEMETREDAMAmV 211
Cdd:TIGR01649  77 SQEIKRD-GNSDFDSAGPNKVLRVIVENPM----YPITLdVLyQIFNPYGKVLRIVTFTKNNvfQALVEFESVNSAQH-A 150

                         170       180       190       200       210
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2182782382 212 DHCLKKALWFQGRC-VKVDLSEKYKKLVLRIPNRGIDLLKKDKSRKRSYSPD 262
Cdd:TIGR01649 151 KAALNGADIYNGCCtLKIEYAKPTRLNVKYNDDDSRDYTNPDLPGRRDPGLD 202

U1-like zinc finger; Family of C2H2-type zinc fingers, present in matrin, U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C and other RNA-binding proteins.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2182782382  460 KTGFYCKLCSLFYTNeEVAKNTHCSSLPHYQKLKKF 495
Cdd:smart00451   1 TGGFYCKLCNVTFTD-EISVEAHLKGKKHKKNVKKR 35

amidase domain-containing protein;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2182782382 247 DLLKKD--KSRKRSYSPDGKESPSDKKSKTDGSQKTESSTEGKEQEEK--SGEDGEKDTKDDQTEQEPNMLLESEDELLV 322
Cdd:PRK08581   29 DPQKDStaKTTSHDSKKSNDDETSKDTSSKDTDKADNNNTSNQDNNDKkfSTIDSSTSDSNNIIDFIYKNLPQTNINQLL 108

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2182782382 323 DEEEA------AALLESGSSVGDETDLANLGDVASDGKKEPSD------KAVKKDGSASAAAKKKLKKVDKIEELDQENE 390
Cdd:PRK08581  109 TKNKYddnyslTTLIQNLFNLNSDISDYEQPRNSEKSTNDSNKnsdssiKNDTDTQSSKQDKADNQKAPSSNNTKPSTSN 188

                         170       180       190       200       210
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2182782382 391 AALENGIKNEENTePGAESSENADDPNKDTSENADGQSDENKDdyTIPDEY 441
Cdd:PRK08581  189 KQPNSPKPTQPNQ-SNSQPASDDTANQKSSSKDNQSMSDSALD--SILDQY 236

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in vertebrate matrin-3; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM2 of Matrin 3 (MATR3 or P130), a highly conserved inner nuclear matrix protein with a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS), two zinc finger domains predicted to bind DNA, and two RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), that are known to interact with RNA. MATR3 has been implicated in various biological processes. It is involved in RNA processing by interacting with other nuclear proteins to anchor hyperedited RNAs to the nuclear matrix. It plays a role in mRNA stabilization through maintaining the stability of certain mRNA species. Besides, it modulates the activity of proximal promoters by binding to highly repetitive sequences of matrix/scaffold attachment region (MAR/SAR). The phosphorylation of MATR3 is assumed to cause neuronal death. It is phosphorylated by the protein kinase ATM, which activates the cellular response to double strand breaks in the DNA. Its phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) is responsible for the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor. Furthermore, MATR3 has been identified as both a Ca2+-dependent CaM-binding protein and a downstream substrate of caspases. Additional research indicates that matrin 3 also binds Rev/Rev responsive element (RRE)-containing viral RNA and functions as a cofactor that mediates the post-transcriptional regulation of HIV-1.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2182782382 158 RVIHLSNLPHSGYSDSAVLKLAEPYGKIKNYILMRMKSQAFIEMETREDAMAMVDHCLKKALWFQGRCVKVDLSEKYKKL 237
Cdd:cd12715     1 RVIHLSNLPHSGYSDAAVLKLAEPYGKVKNYILMRMKNQAFLEMESREDAMAMVDHCKKKPLWFQGRCVKVDLSQKYKTL 80

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) and 2 (RRM2) found in the matrin 3 family of nuclear proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of the matrin 3 family of nuclear proteins consisting of Matrin 3 (MATR3), nuclear protein 220 (NP220) and similar proteins. MATR3 is a highly conserved inner nuclear matrix protein that has been implicated in various biological processes. NP220 is a large nucleoplasmic DNA-binding protein that binds to cytidine-rich sequences, such as CCCCC (G/C), in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Both, Matrin 3 and NP220, contain two RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), and a Cys2-His2 zinc finger-like motif at the C-terminal region.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2182782382 158 RVIHLSNLPHSGYSDSAVLKLAEPYGKIKNYILMRMKSQAFIEMETREDAMAMVDHCLKKALWFQGRCVKVDLSEK 233
Cdd:cd12436     1 RVLYLTGLPVSKYSEEDVLKLAEPFGKVNNVLLIRSKREAFIEMETAEDAQAMLSYCKTKPITIKGKKVKVSVSQK 76

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of the majority of family members that include polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2 or nPTB), regulator of differentiation 1 (Rod1), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNP-LL), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein homolog 3 (PTBPH3), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein homolog 1 and 2 (PTBPH1 and PTBPH2), and similar proteins. PTB is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTBP2 is highly homologous to PTB and is perhaps specific to the vertebrates. Unlike PTB, PTBP2 is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. It binds more stably to the downstream control sequence (DCS) RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. PTBP2 also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP), to the DCS RNA. The binding properties of PTBP2 and its reduced inhibitory activity on splicing imply roles in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. Rod1 is a mammalian polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) homolog of a regulator of differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where the nrd1 gene encodes an RNA binding protein negatively regulates the onset of differentiation. ROD1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells or organs. It might play a role controlling differentiation in mammals. hnRNP-L is a higher eukaryotic specific subunit of human KMT3a (also known as HYPB or hSet2) complex required for histone H3 Lys-36 trimethylation activity. It plays both, nuclear and cytoplasmic, roles in mRNA export of intronless genes, IRES-mediated translation, mRNA stability, and splicing. hnRNP-LL protein plays a critical and unique role in the signal-induced regulation of CD45 and acts as a global regulator of alternative splicing in activated T cells. The family also includes polypyrimidine tract binding protein homolog 3 (PTBPH3) found in plant. Although its biological roles remain unclear, PTBPH3 shows significant sequence similarity to other family members, all of which contain four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). Although their biological roles remain unclear, both PTBPH1 and PTBPH2 show significant sequence similarity to PTB. However, in contrast to PTB, they have three RRMs. In addition, this family also includes RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) that is an alternative splicing regulator associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and contains only one RRM.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2182782382 159 VIHLSNLPHSGySDSAVLKLAEPYGKIKNYILMRMKSQAFIEMETREDAMAMVDHCLKKALWFQGRCVKVDLS 231
Cdd:cd12421     1 VVHIRNLPPDA-TEADLVALGLPFGKVTNVLLLKGKNQALVEMEDVESASSMVNYYTTVPPLIRGRPVYVQYS 72

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of the majority of family members that include polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2 or nPTB), regulator of differentiation 1 (Rod1), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNP-LL), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein homolog 3 (PTBPH3), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein homolog 1 and 2 (PTBPH1 and PTBPH2), and similar proteins. PTB is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTBP2 is highly homologous to PTB and is perhaps specific to the vertebrates. Unlike PTB, PTBP2 is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. It binds more stably to the downstream control sequence (DCS) RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. PTBP2 also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP), to the DCS RNA. The binding properties of PTBP2 and its reduced inhibitory activity on splicing imply roles in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. Rod1 is a mammalian polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) homolog of a regulator of differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where the nrd1 gene encodes an RNA binding protein negatively regulates the onset of differentiation. ROD1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells or organs. It might play a role controlling differentiation in mammals. hnRNP-L is a higher eukaryotic specific subunit of human KMT3a (also known as HYPB or hSet2) complex required for histone H3 Lys-36 trimethylation activity. It plays both, nuclear and cytoplasmic, roles in mRNA export of intronless genes, IRES-mediated translation, mRNA stability, and splicing. hnRNP-LL protein plays a critical and unique role in the signal-induced regulation of CD45 and acts as a global regulator of alternative splicing in activated T cells. The family also includes polypyrimidine tract binding protein homolog 3 (PTBPH3) found in plant. Although its biological roles remain unclear, PTBPH3 shows significant sequence similarity to other family members, all of which contain four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). Although their biological roles remain unclear, both PTBPH1 and PTBPH2 show significant sequence similarity to PTB. However, in contrast to PTB, they have three RRMs. In addition, this family also includes RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) that is an alternative splicing regulator associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and contains only one RRM.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2182782382  61 VVHImdfqrgKNLRY-----QLLQLVEPFGVISNHLILNKINEAFIEMATTEDAQAAVDYYTTTPALVFGKPVRVHLSQ 134
Cdd:cd12421     1 VVHI------RNLPPdateaDLVALGLPFGKVTNVLLLKGKNQALVEMEDVESASSMVNYYTTVPPLIRGRPVYVQYSN 73

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in vertebrate RNA-binding protein 20 (RBM20); This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of RBM20, an alternative splicing regulator associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). It contains only one copy of RNA-recognition motif (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2182782382  60 RVVHIMDFQRGKNLRYQLLQLVEPFGVISNHLILNKINEAFIEMATTEDAQAAVDYYTTTPALVFGKPVRVHLSQK 135
Cdd:cd12685     1 RVVHICNLPEGSCTENDVINLGLPFGKVTNYILMRSTNQAFLEMAYTEAAQAMVQYYQEKPAMINEEKLLIRMSKR 76

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) and 2 (RRM2) found in vertebrate nuclear protein 220 (NP220); This subgroup corresponds to RRM1 and RRM2 of NP220, also termed zinc finger protein 638 (ZN638), or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen se33-1, or zinc finger matrin-like protein, a large nucleoplasmic DNA-binding protein that binds to cytidine-rich sequences, such as CCCCC (G/C), in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). NP220 contains multiple domains, including MH1, MH2, and MH3, domains homologous to the acidic nuclear protein matrin 3; RS, an arginine/serine-rich domain commonly found in pre-mRNA splicing factors; PstI-HindIII, a domain essential for DNA binding; acidic repeat, a domain with nine repeats of the sequence LVTVDEVIEEEDL; and a Cys2-His2 zinc finger-like motif that is also present in matrin 3. It may be involved in packaging, transferring, or processing transcripts. This subgroup corresponds to the domain of MH2 that contains two tandem RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2182782382 159 VIHLSNLPHSGYSDSAVLKLAEPYGKIKNYILMRMKSQAFIEMETREDAMAMVDHCLKKALWFQGRCVKVDLSEK 233
Cdd:cd12716     2 VVLISNLPEKGYTVEEISNLAKPFGGVNDILILSSHKKAYLEMNFKEAVDSMVKYYETFPVLVGGKRLKISMAEK 76

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in vertebrate polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB); This subgroup corresponds to the RRM1 of PTB, also known as 58 kDa RNA-binding protein PPTB-1 or heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I (hnRNP I), an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells. PTB also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTB contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). RRM1 and RRM2 are independent from each other and separated by flexible linkers. By contrast, there is an unusual and conserved interdomain interaction between RRM3 and RRM4. It is widely held that only RRMs 3 and 4 are involved in RNA binding and RRM2 mediates PTB homodimer formation. However, new evidence shows that the RRMs 1 and 2 also contribute substantially to RNA binding. Moreover, PTB may not always dimerize to repress splicing. It is a monomer in solution.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2182782382 158 RVIHLSNLPhSGYSDSAVLKLAEPYGKIKNYILMRMKSQAFIEMETREDAMAMVDH 213
Cdd:cd12777     1 RVIHVRKLP-NDVTEAEVISLGLPFGKVTNLLMLKGKNQAFIEMNTEEAANTMVNY 55

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2 or nPTB), regulator of differentiation 1 (Rod1), and similar proteins found in Metazoa. PTB is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and functions at several aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTBP2 is highly homologous to PTB and is perhaps specific to the vertebrates. Unlike PTB, PTBP2 is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. It binds more stably to the downstream control sequence (DCS) RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. PTBP2 also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP), to the DCS RNA. The binding properties of PTBP2 and its reduced inhibitory activity on splicing imply roles in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. PTBP2 also contains four RRMs. ROD1 coding protein Rod1 is a mammalian PTB homolog of a regulator of differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where the nrd1 gene encodes an RNA binding protein and negatively regulates the onset of differentiation. ROD1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells or organs. It may play a role controlling differentiation in mammals. All members in this family contain four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2182782382 158 RVIHLSNLPhSGYSDSAVLKLAEPYGKIKNYILMRMKSQAFIEMETREDAMAMVDH 213
Cdd:cd12688     1 RVLHIRKLP-CDVTEAEVISLGLPFGKVTNLLMLKGKNQAFLEMATEEAAVTMVNY 55

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in vertebrate polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2); This subgroup corresponds to the RRM1 of PTBP2, also known as neural polypyrimidine tract-binding protein or neurally-enriched homolog of PTB (nPTB), highly homologous to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) and perhaps specific to the vertebrates. Unlike PTB, PTBP2 is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. It binds more stably to the downstream control sequence (DCS) RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. PTBP2 also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP), to the DCS RNA. The binding properties of PTBP2 and its reduced inhibitory activity on splicing imply roles in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. PTBP2 contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2182782382  59 SRVVHIMDFQrGKNLRYQLLQLVEPFGVISNHLILNKINEAFIEMATTEDAQAAVDYYTTTPALVFGKPVRVHLSQkYKR 138
Cdd:cd12778     1 SRVLHIRKLP-GEVTETEVIALGLPFGKVTNILMLKGKNQAFLELATEEAAITMVNYYTAVTPHLRNQPIYIQYSN-HKE 78

                  ..
gi 2182782382 139 IK 140
Cdd:cd12778    79 LK 80

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB or hnRNP I), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2 or nPTB), regulator of differentiation 1 (Rod1), and similar proteins found in Metazoa. PTB is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and functions at several aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. PTBP2 is highly homologous to PTB and is perhaps specific to the vertebrates. Unlike PTB, PTBP2 is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. It binds more stably to the downstream control sequence (DCS) RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. PTBP2 also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP), to the DCS RNA. The binding properties of PTBP2 and its reduced inhibitory activity on splicing imply roles in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. PTBP2 also contains four RRMs. ROD1 coding protein Rod1 is a mammalian PTB homolog of a regulator of differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where the nrd1 gene encodes an RNA binding protein and negatively regulates the onset of differentiation. ROD1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells or organs. It may play a role controlling differentiation in mammals. All members in this family contain four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2182782382  60 RVVHIMDFQrGKNLRYQLLQLVEPFGVISNHLILNKINEAFIEMATTEDAQAAVDYYTTTPALVFGKPVRVHLSQkYKRI 139
Cdd:cd12688     1 RVLHIRKLP-CDVTEAEVISLGLPFGKVTNLLMLKGKNQAFLEMATEEAAVTMVNYYTPVTPHLRSQPIYIQYSN-HKEL 78

                  .
gi 2182782382 140 K 140
Cdd:cd12688    79 K 79

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) and 2 (RRM2) found in vertebrate nuclear protein 220 (NP220); This subgroup corresponds to RRM1 and RRM2 of NP220, also termed zinc finger protein 638 (ZN638), or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen se33-1, or zinc finger matrin-like protein, a large nucleoplasmic DNA-binding protein that binds to cytidine-rich sequences, such as CCCCC (G/C), in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). NP220 contains multiple domains, including MH1, MH2, and MH3, domains homologous to the acidic nuclear protein matrin 3; RS, an arginine/serine-rich domain commonly found in pre-mRNA splicing factors; PstI-HindIII, a domain essential for DNA binding; acidic repeat, a domain with nine repeats of the sequence LVTVDEVIEEEDL; and a Cys2-His2 zinc finger-like motif that is also present in matrin 3. It may be involved in packaging, transferring, or processing transcripts. This subgroup corresponds to the domain of MH2 that contains two tandem RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2182782382  61 VVHIMDFQRGKNLRYQLLQLVEPFGVISNHLILNKINEAFIEMATTEDAQAAVDYYTTTPALVFGKPVRVHLSQK 135
Cdd:cd12716     2 VVLISNLPEKGYTVEEISNLAKPFGGVNDILILSSHKKAYLEMNFKEAVDSMVKYYETFPVLVGGKRLKISMAEK 76

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in plant polypyrimidine tract-binding protein homolog 3 (PTBPH3); This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of PTBPH3. Although its biological roles remain unclear, PTBPH3 shows significant sequence similarity to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) that is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. Like PTB, PTBPH3 contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2182782382  77 LLQLVEPFGVISNHLILNKINEAFIEMATTEDAQAAVDYYTTTPALVFGKPVRVHLS 133
Cdd:cd12687    17 LLQLAQPFGVVTKLVMLRAKNQALLQMQDVSAAISALQFYTSVQPSIRGRNVYIQFS 73

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNP-LL), and similar proteins. hnRNP-L is a higher eukaryotic specific subunit of human KMT3a (also known as HYPB or hSet2) complex required for histone H3 Lys-36 trimethylation activity. It plays both, nuclear and cytoplasmic, roles in mRNA export of intronless genes, IRES-mediated translation, mRNA stability, and splicing. hnRNP-LL plays a critical and unique role in the signal-induced regulation of CD45 and acts as a global regulator of alternative splicing in activated T cells. It is closely related in domain structure and sequence to hnRNP-L, which contains three RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2182782382 158 RVIHLSNLPhSGYSDSAVLKLAEPYGKIKNYILMRMKSQAFIEMETREDAMAMVDHCLKKALWFQGRCVKVDLS 231
Cdd:cd12689     3 PVVHVRGLS-EHVTEADLVEALQNFGPISYVTMMPKKRQALVEFEDIEGAKACVNYAQQNPIYVGGRPAYFNYS 75

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in plant polypyrimidine tract-binding protein homolog 3 (PTBPH3); This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of PTBPH3. Although its biological roles remain unclear, PTBPH3 shows significant sequence similarity to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) that is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. Like PTB, PTBPH3 contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2182782382 158 RVIHLSNLPHSgYSDSAVLKLAEPYGKIKNYILMRMKSQAFIEMETREDAMAMVDHCLKKALWFQGRCVKVDLS 231
Cdd:cd12687     1 KVLHVRNVGHE-ISENDLLQLAQPFGVVTKLVMLRAKNQALLQMQDVSAAISALQFYTSVQPSIRGRNVYIQFS 73

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNP-LL), and similar proteins. hnRNP-L is a higher eukaryotic specific subunit of human KMT3a (also known as HYPB or hSet2) complex required for histone H3 Lys-36 trimethylation activity. It plays both, nuclear and cytoplasmic, roles in mRNA export of intronless genes, IRES-mediated translation, mRNA stability, and splicing. hnRNP-LL plays a critical and unique role in the signal-induced regulation of CD45 and acts as a global regulator of alternative splicing in activated T cells. It is closely related in domain structure and sequence to hnRNP-L, which contains three RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2182782382  59 SRVVHImdfqRG--KNLRYQ-LLQLVEPFGVISNHLILNKINEAFIEMATTEDAQAAVDYYTTTPALVFGKPV 128
Cdd:cd12689     2 SPVVHV----RGlsEHVTEAdLVEALQNFGPISYVTMMPKKRQALVEFEDIEGAKACVNYAQQNPIYVGGRPA 70

RNA recognition motif;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2182782382   76 QLLQLVEPFGVISN-HLILNKINE-----AFIEMATTEDAQAAVDYYTTTPalVFGKPVRV 130
Cdd:smart00360  15 ELRELFSKFGKVESvRLVRDKETGkskgfAFVEFESEEDAEKALEALNGKE--LDGRPLKV 73

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in plant polypyrimidine tract-binding protein homolog 1 and 2 (PTBPH1 and PTBPH2); This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of PTBPH1 and PTBPH2. Although their biological roles remain unclear, PTBPH1 and PTBPH2 show significant sequence similarity to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) that is an important negative regulator of alternative splicing in mammalian cells and also functions at several other aspects of mRNA metabolism, including mRNA localization, stabilization, polyadenylation, and translation. Both, PTBPH1 and PTBPH2, contain three RNA recognition motifs (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2182782382 158 RVIHLSNLPHSGySDSAVLKLAEPYGKIKNYILM--RMKSQAFIEMETREDAMAMVDH 213
Cdd:cd12686     3 KVLHLRNLPWEC-TEEELIELCKPFGTVVNTKCNvgANKNQAFVEFADLNQAISMVSY 59