Agmatinase-like family includes proclavaminic acid amidinohydrolase; This agmatinase subfamily ...
19-284
8.72e-144
Agmatinase-like family includes proclavaminic acid amidinohydrolase; This agmatinase subfamily contains bacterial and fungal/metazoan enzymes, including proclavaminic acid amidinohydrolase (PAH, EC 3.5.3.22) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa guanidinobutyrase (GbuA) and guanidinopropionase (GpuA). PAH hydrolyzes amidinoproclavaminate to yield proclavaminate and urea in clavulanic acid biosynthesis. Clavulanic acid is an effective inhibitor of beta-lactamases and is used in combination with amoxicillin to prevent the beta-lactam rings of the antibiotic from hydrolysis and, thus keeping the antibiotic biologically active. GbuA hydrolyzes 4-guanidinobutyrate (4-GB) into 4-aminobutyrate and urea while GpuA hydrolyzes 3-guanidinopropionate (3-GP) into beta-alanine and urea. Mutation studies show that significant variations in two active site loops in these two enzymes may be important for substrate specificity. This subfamily belongs to the ureohydrolase superfamily, which includes arginase, agmatinase, proclavaminate amidinohydrolase, and formiminoglutamase.
Pssm-ID: 212538 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 406.09 E-value: 8.72e-144
agmatinase; Members of this family include known and predicted examples of agmatinase ...
21-299
1.50e-143
agmatinase; Members of this family include known and predicted examples of agmatinase (agmatine ureohydrolase). The seed includes members of archaea, for which no definitive agmatinase sequence has yet been made available. However, archaeal sequences are phylogenetically close to the experimentally verified B. subtilis sequence. One species of Halobacterium has been demonstrated in vitro to produce agmatine from arginine, but no putrescine from ornithine, suggesting that arginine decarboxylase and agmatinase, rather than arginase and ornithine decarboxylase, lead from Arg to polyamine biosynthesis. Note: a history of early misannotation of members of this family is detailed in PUBMED:10931887.
Pssm-ID: 273514 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 405.30 E-value: 1.50e-143
Arginase/agmatinase family enzyme [Amino acid transport and metabolism]; Arginase/agmatinase ...
30-284
1.96e-88
Arginase/agmatinase family enzyme [Amino acid transport and metabolism]; Arginase/agmatinase family enzyme is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Urea cycle
Pssm-ID: 439781 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 283 Bit Score: 265.54 E-value: 1.96e-88
Agmatinase-like family includes proclavaminic acid amidinohydrolase; This agmatinase subfamily ...
19-284
8.72e-144
Agmatinase-like family includes proclavaminic acid amidinohydrolase; This agmatinase subfamily contains bacterial and fungal/metazoan enzymes, including proclavaminic acid amidinohydrolase (PAH, EC 3.5.3.22) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa guanidinobutyrase (GbuA) and guanidinopropionase (GpuA). PAH hydrolyzes amidinoproclavaminate to yield proclavaminate and urea in clavulanic acid biosynthesis. Clavulanic acid is an effective inhibitor of beta-lactamases and is used in combination with amoxicillin to prevent the beta-lactam rings of the antibiotic from hydrolysis and, thus keeping the antibiotic biologically active. GbuA hydrolyzes 4-guanidinobutyrate (4-GB) into 4-aminobutyrate and urea while GpuA hydrolyzes 3-guanidinopropionate (3-GP) into beta-alanine and urea. Mutation studies show that significant variations in two active site loops in these two enzymes may be important for substrate specificity. This subfamily belongs to the ureohydrolase superfamily, which includes arginase, agmatinase, proclavaminate amidinohydrolase, and formiminoglutamase.
Pssm-ID: 212538 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 406.09 E-value: 8.72e-144
agmatinase; Members of this family include known and predicted examples of agmatinase ...
21-299
1.50e-143
agmatinase; Members of this family include known and predicted examples of agmatinase (agmatine ureohydrolase). The seed includes members of archaea, for which no definitive agmatinase sequence has yet been made available. However, archaeal sequences are phylogenetically close to the experimentally verified B. subtilis sequence. One species of Halobacterium has been demonstrated in vitro to produce agmatine from arginine, but no putrescine from ornithine, suggesting that arginine decarboxylase and agmatinase, rather than arginase and ornithine decarboxylase, lead from Arg to polyamine biosynthesis. Note: a history of early misannotation of members of this family is detailed in PUBMED:10931887.
Pssm-ID: 273514 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 405.30 E-value: 1.50e-143
Arginase/agmatinase family enzyme [Amino acid transport and metabolism]; Arginase/agmatinase ...
30-284
1.96e-88
Arginase/agmatinase family enzyme [Amino acid transport and metabolism]; Arginase/agmatinase family enzyme is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Urea cycle
Pssm-ID: 439781 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 283 Bit Score: 265.54 E-value: 1.96e-88
Agmatinase and related proteins; This family includes known and predicted bacterial and ...
35-281
7.72e-75
Agmatinase and related proteins; This family includes known and predicted bacterial and archaeal agmatinase (agmatine ureohydrolase; AUH; SpeB; EC=3.5.3.11), a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme that belongs to the ureohydrolase superfamily. It is a key enzyme in the synthesis of polyamine putrescine; it catalyzes hydrolysis of agmatine to yield urea and putrescine, the precursor for biosynthesis of higher polyamines, spermidine, and spermine. As compared to E. coli where two paths to putrescine exist, via decarboxylation of an amino acid, ornithine or arginine, a single path is found in Bacillus subtilis, where polyamine synthesis starts with agmatine; the speE and speB encode spermidine synthase and agmatinase, respectively. The level of agmatinase synthesis is very low, allowing strict control on the synthesis of putrescine and therefore, of all polyamines, consistent with polyamine levels in the cell. This subfamily belongs to the ureohydrolase superfamily, which includes arginase, agmatinase, proclavaminate amidinohydrolase, and formiminoglutamase.
Pssm-ID: 212539 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 263 Bit Score: 230.05 E-value: 7.72e-75
Agmatinase-like family; Agmatinase subfamily currently includes metalloenzymes such as ...
36-284
6.81e-71
Agmatinase-like family; Agmatinase subfamily currently includes metalloenzymes such as agmatinase, guanidinobutyrase, guanidopropionase, formimidoylglutamase and proclavaminate amidinohydrolase. Agmatinase (agmatine ureohydrolase; SpeB; EC=3.5.3.11) is the key enzyme in the synthesis of polyamine putrescine; it catalyzes hydrolysis of agmatine to yield putrescine and urea. This enzyme has been found in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, requiring divalent Mn and sometimes Zn, Co or Ca for activity. In mammals, the highest level of agmatinase mRNA was found in liver and kidney. However, catabolism of agmatine via agmatinase apparently is a not major path; it is mostly catabolized via diamine oxidase. Agmatinase has been shown to be down-regulated in tumor renal cells. Guanidinobutyrase (Gbh, EC=3.5.3.7) catalyzes hydrolysis of 4-guanidinobutanoate to yield 4-aminobutanoate and urea in arginine degradation pathway. Activity has been shown for purified enzyme from Arthrobacter sp. KUJ 8602. Additionally, guanidinobutyrase is able to hydrolyze D-arginine, 3-guanidinopropionate, 5-guanidinovaleriate and L-arginine with much less affinity, having divalent Zn ions for catalysis. Proclavaminate amidinohydrolase (Pah, EC 3.5.3.22) hydrolyzes amidinoproclavaminate to yield proclavaminate and urea in clavulanic acid biosynthesis. Activity has been shown for purified enzyme from Streptomyces clavuligerus. Clavulanic acid is the effective inhibitor of beta-lactamases. This acid is used in combination with the penicillin amoxicillin to prevent antibiotic's beta-lactam rings from hydrolysis, thus keeping the antibiotics biologically active.
Pssm-ID: 212516 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 220.50 E-value: 6.81e-71
Ureohydrolase superfamily includes arginase, formiminoglutamase, agmatinase and proclavaminate ...
36-280
2.94e-61
Ureohydrolase superfamily includes arginase, formiminoglutamase, agmatinase and proclavaminate amidinohydrolase (PAH); This family, also known as arginase-like amidino hydrolase family, includes Mn-dependent enzymes: arginase (Arg, EC 3.5.3.1), formimidoylglutamase (HutG, EC 3.5.3.8 ), agmatinase (SpeB, EC 3.5.3.11), guanidinobutyrase (Gbh, EC=3.5.3.7), proclavaminate amidinohydrolase (PAH, EC 3.5.3.22) and related proteins. These enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of amide bond. They are involved in control of cellular levels of arginine and ornithine (both involved in protein biosynthesis, and production of creatine, polyamines, proline and nitric acid), in histidine and arginine degradation, and in clavulanic acid biosynthesis.
Pssm-ID: 212511 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 270 Bit Score: 195.73 E-value: 2.94e-61
Agmatinase and related proteins; This family includes known and predicted bacterial agmatinase ...
37-284
3.18e-49
Agmatinase and related proteins; This family includes known and predicted bacterial agmatinase (agmatine ureohydrolase; AUH; SpeB; EC=3.5.3.11), a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme, belonging to the ureohydrolase superfamily. It is a key enzyme in the synthesis of polyamine putrescine; it catalyzes hydrolysis of agmatine to yield urea and putrescine, the precursor for biosynthesis of higher polyamines, spermidine, and spermine. Agmatinase from Deinococcus radiodurans shows approximately 33% of sequence identity to human mitochondrial agmatinase. An analysis of the evolutionary relationship among ureohydrolase superfamily enzymes indicates the pathway involving arginine decarboxylase and agmatinase evolved earlier than the arginase pathway of polyamine.
Pssm-ID: 212537 Cd Length: 274 Bit Score: 164.70 E-value: 3.18e-49
Arginase-like and histone-like hydrolases; Arginase-like/histone-like hydrolase superfamily ...
99-280
6.58e-36
Arginase-like and histone-like hydrolases; Arginase-like/histone-like hydrolase superfamily includes metal-dependent enzymes that belong to Arginase-like amidino hydrolase family and histone/histone-like deacetylase class I, II, IV family, respectively. These enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of amide bond. Arginases are known to be involved in control of cellular levels of arginine and ornithine, in histidine and arginine degradation and in clavulanic acid biosynthesis. Deacetylases play a role in signal transduction through histone and/or other protein modification and can repress/activate transcription of a number of different genes. They participate in different cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, embryonic development, cytokine signaling important for immune response and post-translational control of the acetyl coenzyme A synthetase. Mammalian histone deacetyases are known to be involved in progression of different tumors. Specific inhibitors of mammalian histone deacetylases are an emerging class of promising novel anticancer drugs.
Pssm-ID: 212513 Cd Length: 217 Bit Score: 128.65 E-value: 6.58e-36
Arginase family; This family includes arginase, also known as arginase-like amidino hydrolase ...
36-280
9.74e-36
Arginase family; This family includes arginase, also known as arginase-like amidino hydrolase family, and related proteins. Arginase is a binuclear Mn-dependent metalloenzyme and catalyzes hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea (Arg, EC 3.5.3.1), the reaction being the fifth and final step in the urea cycle, providing the path for the disposal of nitrogenous compounds. Arginase controls cellular levels of arginine and ornithine which are involved in protein biosynthesis, and in production of creatine, polyamines, proline and nitric acid. In vertebrates, at least two isozymes have been identified: type I (ARG1) cytoplasmic or hepatic liver-type arginase and type II (ARG2) mitochondrial or non-hepatic arginase. Point mutations in human arginase ARG1 gene lead to hyperargininemia with consequent mental disorders, retarded development and early death. Hyperargininemia is associated with a several-fold increase in the activity of the mitochondrial arginase (ARG2), causing persistent ureagenesis in patients. ARG2 overexpression plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of cholesterol mediated endothelial dysfunction. Thus, arginase is a therapeutic target to treat asthma, erectile dysfunction, atherosclerosis and cancer.
Pssm-ID: 212515 Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 129.92 E-value: 9.74e-36
Formimidoylglutamase or HutE; Formimidoylglutamase (N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate ...
36-282
2.45e-31
Formimidoylglutamase or HutE; Formimidoylglutamase (N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate formimidoylhydrolase; formiminoglutamase; N-formiminoglutamate hydrolase; N-formimino-L-glutamate formiminohydrolase; HutE; EC 3.5.3.8) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate to L-glutamate and formamide. This enzyme is involved in histidine degradation, requiring Mn as a cofactor while glutathione may be required for maximal activity. In Pseudomonas PAO1, mutation studies show that histidine degradation proceeds via a 'four-step' pathway if the 'five-step' route is absent and vice versa; in the four-step pathway, formiminoglutaminase (HutE, EC 3.5.3.8) directly converts formiminoglutamate (FIGLU) to L-glutamate and formamide in a single step. Formiminoglutamase has traditionally also been referred to as HutG; however, formiminoglutamase is structurally and mechanistically unrelated to N-formyl-glutamate deformylase (also called HutG). Phylogenetic analysis has suggested that HutE was acquired by horizontal gene transfer from a Ralstonia-like ancestor.
Pssm-ID: 212514 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 117.62 E-value: 2.45e-31
Arginase types I and II and arginase-like family; This family includes arginase, also known as ...
37-281
5.52e-28
Arginase types I and II and arginase-like family; This family includes arginase, also known as arginase-like amidino hydrolase family, and related proteins, found in bacteria, archaea and eykaryotes. Arginase is a binuclear Mn-dependent metalloenzyme and catalyzes hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea (Arg, EC 3.5.3.1), the reaction being the fifth and final step in the urea cycle, providing the path for the disposal of nitrogenous compounds. Arginase controls cellular levels of arginine and ornithine which are involved in protein biosynthesis, and in production of creatine, polyamines, proline and nitric acid. In vertebrates, at least two isozymes have been identified: type I cytoplasmic or hepatic liver-type arginase and type II mitochondrial or non-hepatic arginase. Point mutations in human arginase gene lead to hyperargininemia with consequent mental disorders, retarded development and early death. Arginase is a therapeutic target to treat asthma, erectile dysfunction, atherosclerosis and cancer.
Pssm-ID: 212536 Cd Length: 294 Bit Score: 109.50 E-value: 5.52e-28
formimidoylglutamase; Formiminoglutamase, the fourth enzyme of histidine degradation, is ...
30-280
7.87e-27
formimidoylglutamase; Formiminoglutamase, the fourth enzyme of histidine degradation, is similar to arginases and agmatinases. It is often encoded near other enzymes of the histidine degredation pathway: histidine ammonia-lyase, urocanate hydratase, and imidazolonepropionase. [Energy metabolism, Amino acids and amines]
Pssm-ID: 273513 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 307 Bit Score: 106.79 E-value: 7.87e-27
arginase; This model helps resolve arginases from known and putative agmatinases, ...
37-283
1.78e-23
arginase; This model helps resolve arginases from known and putative agmatinases, formiminoglutamases, and other related proteins of unknown specifity. The pathway from arginine to the polyamine putrescine may procede by hydrolysis to remove urea (arginase) followed by decarboxylation (ornithine decarboxylase), or by decarboxylation first (arginine decarboxylase) followed by removal of urea (agmatinase).
Pssm-ID: 162262 Cd Length: 300 Bit Score: 97.50 E-value: 1.78e-23
Arginase-like amidino hydrolase family; This family includes arginase, also known as ...
92-284
3.76e-16
Arginase-like amidino hydrolase family; This family includes arginase, also known as arginase-like amidino hydrolase family, as well as arginase-like proteins and are found in bacteria, archaea and eykaryotes, but does not include metazoan arginases. Arginase is a binuclear Mn-dependent metalloenzyme and catalyzes hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea (Arg, EC 3.5.3.1), the reaction being the fifth and final step in the urea cycle, providing the path for the disposal of nitrogenous compounds. Arginase controls cellular levels of arginine and ornithine which are involved in protein biosynthesis, and in production of creatine, polyamines, proline and nitric acid.
Pssm-ID: 212523 Cd Length: 272 Bit Score: 76.90 E-value: 3.76e-16
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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