Bivalent Mical/EHBP Rab binding domain; A variety of different effector proteins interact specifically with GTP-bound Rab proteins and mediate their versatile roles in membrane trafficking, including budding of vesicles from a donor membrane, directed transport through the cell and finally tethering and fusion with a target membrane. The 'bivalent Mical/EHBP Rab binding' (bMERB) domain is a Rab effector domain that is present in proteins of the Mical and EHBP families, both known to act in endosomal trafficking. The bMERB domain displays a preference for Rab8 family proteins (Rab8, 10, 13 and 15) and at least some of the bMERB domains contain two separate binding sites for Rab-proteins, allowing Micals and EHBPs to bind two Rabs simultaneously. The strong similarity between the two binding sites within one bMRB domain strongly suggests an evolutionarily development via duplication of a common ancestor supersecondary structure element. The bMERB domain has a completely alpha-helical fold consisting of a central helix and N- and C-terminal helices folding back on this central helix.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  1052 ELAALENEQKQIDTRAALVEKRLRYLMDtgrNTEEEEAMMQEWFMLVNKKNALIRRMNQLSLLEKEHDLERRYELLNREL 1131
Cdd:pfam12130    1 ELEEIEERQRELEERGVELEKALRGEMS---GDEEEEQLLQEWFKLVNEKNALVRRESELMYLAKEQDLEERQARLEQEL 77

                           90       100       110       120       130
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 358356414  1132 RAMLAIEDWQKTEAQKRREQLLLDELVALVDKRDALVRDLDAQEKQAEEEDEHL 1185
Cdd:pfam12130   78 RELMSKPDWLKTEEDKQREEELLEELVEIVEQRDALVDSLEEDRLREEEEDEEL 131

Bivalent Mical/EHBP Rab binding domain; A variety of different effector proteins interact specifically with GTP-bound Rab proteins and mediate their versatile roles in membrane trafficking, including budding of vesicles from a donor membrane, directed transport through the cell and finally tethering and fusion with a target membrane. The 'bivalent Mical/EHBP Rab binding' (bMERB) domain is a Rab effector domain that is present in proteins of the Mical and EHBP families, both known to act in endosomal trafficking. The bMERB domain displays a preference for Rab8 family proteins (Rab8, 10, 13 and 15) and at least some of the bMERB domains contain two separate binding sites for Rab-proteins, allowing Micals and EHBPs to bind two Rabs simultaneously. The strong similarity between the two binding sites within one bMRB domain strongly suggests an evolutionarily development via duplication of a common ancestor supersecondary structure element. The bMERB domain has a completely alpha-helical fold consisting of a central helix and N- and C-terminal helices folding back on this central helix.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  1052 ELAALENEQKQIDTRAALVEKRLRYLMDtgrNTEEEEAMMQEWFMLVNKKNALIRRMNQLSLLEKEHDLERRYELLNREL 1131
Cdd:pfam12130    1 ELEEIEERQRELEERGVELEKALRGEMS---GDEEEEQLLQEWFKLVNEKNALVRRESELMYLAKEQDLEERQARLEQEL 77

                           90       100       110       120       130
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 358356414  1132 RAMLAIEDWQKTEAQKRREQLLLDELVALVDKRDALVRDLDAQEKQAEEEDEHL 1185
Cdd:pfam12130   78 RELMSKPDWLKTEEDKQREEELLEELVEIVEQRDALVDSLEEDRLREEEEDEEL 131

Calponin homology (CH) domain; The CH domain is found in both cytoskeletal proteins and signal transduction proteins. The CH domain is involved in actin binding in some members of the family. However in calponins there is evidence that the CH domain is not involved in its actin binding activity. Most member proteins have from two to four copies of the CH domain, however some proteins such as calponin have only a single copy.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414   432 QSLLAWCREVTKNY-RGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLN--PQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISR-LLE 506
Cdd:pfam00307    5 KELLRWINSHLAEYgPGVRVTNFTTDLRDGLALCALLNKLAPGLVDKKKLNksEFDKLENINLALDvAEKKLGVPKvLIE 84

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 358356414   507 PSDMVLlaiPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHFSG 534
Cdd:pfam00307   85 PEDLVE---GDNKSVLTYLASLFRRFQA 109

Ca2+-binding actin-bundling protein fimbrin/plastin (EF-Hand superfamily) [Cytoskeleton];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  434 LLAWCREVTKNYR-GVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQ--DIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRLLEPSD 509
Cdd:COG5069   130 LLLWCDEDTGGYKpEVDTFDFFRSWRDGLAFSALIHDSRPDTLDPNVLDLQkkNKALNNFQAFEnANKVIGIARLIGVED 209

                          90
                  ....*....|....*.
gi 358356414  510 MVLLAIPDKLTVMTYL 525
Cdd:COG5069   210 IVNVSIPDERSIMTYV 225

calponin homology (CH) domain found in the EH domain-binding protein (EHBP) family; The EHBP family includes EHBP1 and EHBP1-like protein (EHBP1L1). EHBP1 is a regulator of endocytic recycling and may play a role in actin reorganization by linking clathrin-mediated endocytosis to the actin cytoskeleton. It may act as an effector of small GTPases, including RAB-10 (Rab10), and play a role in vesicle trafficking. EHBP1 is associated with aggressive prostate cancer and insulin-stimulated trafficking and cell migration. EHBP1L1 may also act as Rab effector protein and play a role in vesicle trafficking. It coordinates Rab8 and Bin1 to regulate apical-directed transport in polarized epithelial cells. Members of this family contain a single copy of the CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  429 NASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYDGFASIGISRLLEPS 508
Cdd:cd21198     1 SSGQDLLEWCQEVTKGYRGVKITNLTTSWRNGLAFCAILHHFRPDLIDFSSLSPHDIKENCKLAFDAAAKLGIPRLLDPA 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 358356414  509 DMVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHFS 533
Cdd:cd21198    81 DMVLLSVPDKLSVMTYLHQIRAHFT 105

calponin homology (CH) domain found in the MICAL and EHBP families; This group is composed of the molecule interacting with CasL protein (MICAL) and EH domain-binding protein (EHBP) families. MICAL is a large, multidomain, cytosolic protein with a single LIM domain, a calponin homology (CH) domain and a flavoprotein monooxygenase (MO) domain. In Drosophila, MICAL is expressed in axons, interacts with the neuronal A (PlexA) receptor and is required for Semaphorin 1a (Sema-1a)-PlexA-mediated repulsive axon guidance. The LIM and CH domains mediate interactions with the cytoskeleton, cytoskeletal adaptor proteins, and other signaling proteins. The flavoprotein MO is required for semaphorin-plexin repulsive axon guidance during axonal pathfinding in the Drosophila neuromuscular system. The EHBP family includes EHBP1 and EHBP1-like protein (EHBP1L1). EHBP1 is a regulator of endocytic recycling and may play a role in actin reorganization by linking clathrin-mediated endocytosis to the actin cytoskeleton. It may act as an effector of small GTPases, including RAB-10 (Rab10), and play a role in vesicle trafficking. EHBP proteins contain a single CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  430 ASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYDGFAS-IGISRLLEPS 508
Cdd:cd22198     1 RPEELLSWCQEQTEGYRGVKVTDLTSSWRSGLALCAIIHRFRPDLIDFSSLDPENIAENNQLAFDVAEQeLGIPPVMTGQ 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 358356414  509 DMVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHFS 533
Cdd:cd22198    81 EMASLAVPDKLSMVSYLSQFYEAFK 105

calponin homology (CH) domain found in MICAL-like protein 2 and similar proteins; MICAL-like protein 2 (MICAL-L2), also called junctional Rab13-binding protein (JRAB), or molecule interacting with CasL-like 2, acts as an effector of small Rab GTPases which is involved in junctional complexes assembly through the regulation of cell adhesion molecule transport to the plasma membrane, and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. It regulates the endocytic recycling of occludins, claudins, and E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and may thereby regulate the establishment of tight junctions and adherens junctions. Members of this subfamily contain a single copy of CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  430 ASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRLLEPS 508
Cdd:cd21253     2 GIKALQQWCRQQTEGYRDVKVTNMTTSWRDGLAFCAIIHRFRPDLIDFDSLSKENVYENNKLAFTvAEKELGIPALLDAE 81

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....
gi 358356414  509 DMVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHF 532
Cdd:cd21253    82 DMVALKVPDKLSILTYVSQYYNYF 105

calponin homology (CH) domain found in the cytospin family; The cytospin family includes cytospin-A and cytospin-B. Cytospin-A, also called renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-22, sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1-like, or SPECC1-like (SPECC1L) protein, is involved in cytokinesis and spindle organization. It may play a role in actin cytoskeleton organization and microtubule stabilization and hence, is required for proper cell adhesion and migration. Cytospin-B, also called nuclear structure protein 5 (NSP5), sperm antigen HCMOGT-1, or sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1 (SPECC1), is a novel fusion partner to PDGFRB in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with translocation t(5;17)(q33;p11.2). Members of this family contain a single copy of the CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  425 GQKPNAsqsLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYDGFASIGISRL 504
Cdd:cd21199     7 GSKRNA---LLKWCQEKTQGYKGIDITNFSSSWNDGLAFCALLHSYLPDKIPYSELNPQDKRRNFTLAFKAAESVGIPTT 83

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 358356414  505 LEPSDMVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHF 532
Cdd:cd21199    84 LTIDEMVSMERPDWQSVMSYVTAIYKHF 111

N-terminal C2 in EEIG1 and EHBP1 proteins; This version of the C2 domain was initally identified in the vertebrate estrogen early-induced gene 1 (EEIG1), and its Drosophila ortholog required for uptake of dsRNA via the endocytotic machinery to induce RNAi silencing. It is also in C.elegans ortholog Sym-3 (SYnthetic lethal with Mec-3) and the mammalian protein EHBP1 (EH domain Binding Protein-1) that regulates endocytotic recycling and two plant proteins, RPG that regulates Rhizobium-directed polar growth and PMI1 (Plastid Movement Impaired 1) that is essential for intracellular movement of chloroplasts in response to blue light.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414    12 GKHASKFQFVASYQELMVECTkkwQPDKLVVVWtrrsRRKSSKAHSWQPGIKNPYRGVVVWPvpENIEITVTLFKDPHAE 91
Cdd:pfam10358    1 KKRKPKFQFVLTIHELQNLPL---VGGELFVKW----RRGDKKGSSGTTEKALVNNGRAIFN--EEFSIPVTLFLDKKGG 71

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 358356414    92 EFEDKEWTFVIENESPSGRRKALATSSINMKQYASPMPTQTDVKLKFKplSKKVVSATLQFSLSCIFLREGKAT 165
Cdd:pfam10358   72 KYEEKLLEFSVYKVTKKGKKKVLGKASIDLAEYANLKKKPTTVRFLLK--KSSKKNATLSLSIQVLPLGEDPND 143

second calponin homology (CH) domain found in the beta spectrin family; The beta spectrin family includes beta-I, -II, -III, -IV and -V spectrins. Spectrin is an actin crosslinking and molecular scaffold protein that links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, and functions in the determination of cell shape, arrangement of transmembrane proteins, and organization of organelles. It is composed of two antiparallel dimers of alpha- and beta- subunits. Beta-I spectrin, also called spectrin beta chain, erythrocytic (SPTB), may be involved in anaemia pathogenesis. Beta-II spectrin, also called spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), or fodrin beta chain, is a component of fodrin, which is the general spectrin-like protein that seems to be involved in secretion. Fodrin interacts with calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner and is thus a candidate for the calcium-dependent movement of the cytoskeleton at the membrane. Beta-IV spectrin is also called spectrin, non-erythroid beta chain 3 (SPTBN3) or spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 4 (SPTBN4). Its mutation associates with congenital myopathy, neuropathy, and central deafness. Beta-III spectrin is also called spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 2 (SPTBN2), or spinocerebellar ataxia 5 protein (SCA5). Beta-V spectrin, also called spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 5 (SPTBN5), is a mammalian ortholog of Drosophila beta H spectrin. Beta-III and Beta-V spectrins may play crucial roles as longer actin-membrane cross-linkers or fulfill the need for greater extensible flexibility than can be provided by the other smaller conventional spectrins. Members of this family contain two copies of the CH domain. This model corresponds to the second CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  430 ASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYDGFAS-IGISRLLEPS 508
Cdd:cd21194     3 AKDALLLWCQRKTAGYPGVNIQNFTTSWRDGLAFNALIHAHRPDLIDYNRLDPNDHLGNLNNAFDVAEQeLGIAKLLDAE 82

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 358356414  509 DmVLLAIPDKLTVMTYL 525
Cdd:cd21194    83 D-VDVARPDEKSIMTYV 98

second calponin homology (CH) domain found in the dystrophin family; The dystrophin family includes dystrophin and its paralog, utrophin. Dystrophin, encoded by the DMD gene, is a large, submembrane cytoskeletal protein that is the main component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) in skeletal muscles. It links the transmembrane DGC to the actin cytoskeleton through binding strongly to the cytoplasmic tail of beta-dystroglycan, the transmembrane subunit of a highly O-glycosylated cell-surface protein. Dystrophin is also involved in maintaining the structural integrity of cells, as well as in the formation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Utrophin, also called dystrophin-related protein 1 (DRP-1), is an autosomal dystrophin homolog that increases dystrophic muscle function and reduces pathology. It is broadly expressed in both the mRNA and protein levels, and occurs in the cerebrovascular endothelium. Utrophin forms the utrophin-glycoprotein complex (UGC) by interacting with dystroglycans (DGs) and sarcoglycan-dystroglycans, as well as sarcoglycan and sarcospan (SG-SSPN) subcomplexes. It may act as a scaffolding protein that stabilizes lipid microdomains and clusters mechanosensitive channel subunits, and link the F-actin cytoskeleton to the cell membrane via the associated glycoprotein complex. Members of this family contain two copies of the CH domain. This model corresponds to the second CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  432 QSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRLLEPSDm 510
Cdd:cd21187     3 KTLLAWCRQSTRGYEQVDVKNFTTSWRDGLAFNALIHRHRPDLFDFDSLVKDSPESRLEHAFTvAHEHLGIEKLLDPED- 81

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 358356414  511 VLLAIPDKLTVMTYL 525
Cdd:cd21187    82 VNVEQPDKKSILMYV 96

calponin homology (CH) domain found in molecule interacting with CasL protein 3; MICAL-3 is a [F-actin]-monooxygenase that promotes depolymerization of F-actin by mediating oxidation of specific methionine residues on actin to form methionine-sulfoxide, resulting in actin filament disassembly and preventing repolymerization. In the absence of actin, it also functions as a NADPH oxidase producing H(2)O(2). MICAL-3 seems to act as a Rab effector protein and plays a role in vesicle trafficking. It is involved in exocytic vesicle tethering and fusion. MICAL3 contains a single copy of the CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  431 SQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRLLEPSD 509
Cdd:cd21251     7 SSKLLGWCQRQTEGYAGVNVTDLTMSWKSGLALCAIIHRYRPDLIDFDSLDEQDVEKNNQLAFDiAEKEFGISPIMTGKE 86

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|...
gi 358356414  510 MVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHF 532
Cdd:cd21251    87 MASVGEPDKLSMVMYLTQFYEMF 109

second calponin homology (CH) domain found in the plectin/dystonin/MACF1 family; This family includes plectin, dystonin and microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1, isoforms 1/2/3/5 (MACF1). Plectin, also called PCN, PLTN, hemidesmosomal protein 1 (HD1), or plectin-1, is a structural component of muscle. It interlinks intermediate filaments with microtubules and microfilaments, and anchors intermediate filaments to desmosomes or hemidesmosomes. It could also bind muscle proteins such as actin to membrane complexes in muscle. Dystonin, also called 230 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen, 230/240 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen, bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (BPA or BPAG1), dystonia musculorum protein, or hemidesmosomal plaque protein, is a cytoskeletal linker protein that acts as an integrator of intermediate filaments, actin, and microtubule cytoskeleton networks. It is required for anchoring either intermediate filaments to the actin cytoskeleton in neural and muscle cells, or keratin-containing intermediate filaments to hemidesmosomes in epithelial cells. MACF1, also called 620 kDa actin-binding protein (ABP620), actin cross-linking family protein 7 (ACF7), macrophin-1, or trabeculin-alpha, is a large protein containing numerous spectrin and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. It facilitates actin-microtubule interactions at the cell periphery and couples the microtubule network to cellular junctions. Members of this family contain two copies of the CH domain. This model corresponds to the second CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  429 NASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRLLEP 507
Cdd:cd21189     1 SAKEALLLWARRTTEGYPGVRVTNFTSSWRDGLAFNAIIHRNRPDLIDFRSVRNQSNRENLENAFNvAEKEFGVTRLLDP 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 358356414  508 SDmVLLAIPDKLTVMTY 524
Cdd:cd21189    81 ED-VDVPEPDEKSIITY 96

second calponin homology (CH) domain found in the beta-I spectrin-like subfamily; The beta-I spectrin-like family includes beta-I, -II, -III and -IV spectrins. Spectrin is an actin crosslinking and molecular scaffold protein that links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, and functions in the determination of cell shape, arrangement of transmembrane proteins, and organization of organelles. It is composed of two antiparallel dimers of alpha- and beta- subunits. Beta-I spectrin, also called spectrin beta chain, erythrocytic (SPTB), may be involved in anaemia pathogenesis. Beta-II spectrin, also called spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), or fodrin beta chain, is a component of fodrin, which is the general spectrin-like protein that seems to be involved in secretion. Fodrin interacts with calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner and is thus a candidate for the calcium-dependent movement of the cytoskeleton at the membrane. Beta-III spectrin, also called spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 2 (SPTBN2), or spinocerebellar ataxia 5 protein (SCA5), may play a crucial role as a longer actin-membrane cross-linker or fulfill the need for greater extensible flexibility than can be provided by the other smaller conventional spectrins. Beta-IV spectrin is also called spectrin, non-erythroid beta chain 3 (SPTBN3) or spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 4 (SPTBN4). Its mutation associates with congenital myopathy, neuropathy, and central deafness. Members of this subfamily contain two copies of the CH domain. This model corresponds to the second CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  430 ASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRLLEPS 508
Cdd:cd21248     3 AKDALLLWCQMKTAGYPNVNVRNFTTSWRDGLAFNALIHKHRPDLIDYDKLSKSNALYNLQNAFNvAEQKLGLTKLLDPE 82

                          90
                  ....*....|....*.
gi 358356414  509 DmVLLAIPDKLTVMTY 524
Cdd:cd21248    83 D-VNVEQPDEKSIITY 97

second calponin homology (CH) domain found in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein (SYNE) family; The SYNE family includes SYNE-1, -2 and calmin. SYNE-1 (also called nesprin-1, enaptin, KASH domain-containing protein 1, KASH1, myocyte nuclear envelope protein 1, MYNE-1, or nuclear envelope spectrin repeat protein 1) and SYNE-2 (also called nesprin-2, KASH domain-containing protein 2, KASH2, nuclear envelope spectrin repeat protein 2, nucleus and actin connecting element protein, or protein NUANCE) may act redundantly. They are multi-isomeric modular proteins which form a linking network between organelles and the actin cytoskeleton to maintain subcellular spatial organization. They also act as components of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex, which is involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton. Calmin, also called calponin-like transmembrane domain protein, is a protein with calponin homology (CH) and transmembrane domains expressed in maturing spermatogenic cells. It may be involved in the development and/or maintenance of neuronal functions. Members of this family contain two copies of the CH domain. This model corresponds to the second CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  427 KPNASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYDgFAS--IGISRL 504
Cdd:cd21192     1 QGSAEKALLKWVQAEIGKYYGIRVTDFDKSWRDGVAFLALIHAIRPDLVDMKTVKNRSPRDNLELAFR-IAEqhLNIPRL 79

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 358356414  505 LEPSDmVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHF 532
Cdd:cd21192    80 LEVED-VLVDKPDERSIMTYVSQFLRMF 106

Calponin homology (CH) domain; The CH domain is found in both cytoskeletal proteins and signal transduction proteins. The CH domain is involved in actin binding in some members of the family. However in calponins there is evidence that the CH domain is not involved in its actin binding activity. Most member proteins have from two to four copies of the CH domain, however some proteins such as calponin have only a single copy.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414   432 QSLLAWCREVTKNY-RGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLN--PQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISR-LLE 506
Cdd:pfam00307    5 KELLRWINSHLAEYgPGVRVTNFTTDLRDGLALCALLNKLAPGLVDKKKLNksEFDKLENINLALDvAEKKLGVPKvLIE 84

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 358356414   507 PSDMVLlaiPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHFSG 534
Cdd:pfam00307   85 PEDLVE---GDNKSVLTYLASLFRRFQA 109

second calponin homology (CH) domain found in spectrin beta chain, erythrocytic (SPTB) and similar proteins; Spectrin is an actin crosslinking and molecular scaffold protein that links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, and functions in the determination of cell shape, arrangement of transmembrane proteins, and organization of organelles. It is composed of two antiparallel dimers of alpha- and beta- subunits. SPTB, also called beta-I spectrin, may be involved in anaemia pathogenesis. SPTB contains two copies of the CH domain. This model corresponds to the second CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  429 NASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRLLEP 507
Cdd:cd21319     5 SAKDALLLWCQMKTAGYPNVNVTNFTSSWKDGLAFNALIHKHRPDLVDFGKLKKSNARHNLEHAFNvAERQLGITKLLDP 84

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 358356414  508 SDmVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHFS 533
Cdd:cd21319    85 ED-VFTENPDEKSIITYVVAFYHYFS 109

calponin homology (CH) domain found in smoothelin-A and similar proteins; Smoothelins are actin-binding cytoskeletal proteins that are abundantly expressed in healthy visceral (smoothelin-A) and vascular (smoothelin-B) smooth muscle. This model corresponds to the single CH domain of smoothelin-A. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  432 QSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYDGFASIG-ISRLLEPSDM 510
Cdd:cd21258     4 QMLLDWCRAKTRGYEHVDIQNFSSSWSDGMAFCALVHNFFPDAFDYSQLSPQNRRQNFEVAFSAAEMLAdCVPLVEVEDM 83

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 358356414  511 VLLA-IPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHFSGQEL 537
Cdd:cd21258    84 MIMGkKPDSKCVFTYVQSLYNHLRRHEM 111

calponin homology (CH) domain found in smoothelin-B and similar proteins; Smoothelins are actin-binding cytoskeletal proteins that are abundantly expressed in healthy visceral (smoothelin-A) and vascular (smoothelin-B) smooth muscle. The human SMTN gene encodes smoothelin-A and smoothelin-B. This model corresponds to the single CH domain of smoothelin-B. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  432 QSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYDGFASIG-ISRLLEPSDM 510
Cdd:cd21259     4 QMLLDWCRAKTRGYENVDIQNFSSSWSDGMAFCALVHNFFPEAFDYSQLSPQNRRHNFEVAFSSAEKHAdCPQLLDVEDM 83

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 358356414  511 VLLAIPDKLTVMTYL 525
Cdd:cd21259    84 VRMREPDWKCVYTYI 98

second calponin homology (CH) domain found in spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 2 (SPTBN2) and similar proteins; Spectrin is an actin crosslinking and molecular scaffold protein that links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, and functions in the determination of cell shape, arrangement of transmembrane proteins, and organization of organelles. It is composed of two antiparallel dimers of alpha- and beta- subunits. SPTBN2, also called beta-III spectrin, or spinocerebellar ataxia 5 protein (SCA5), probably plays an important role in the neuronal membrane skeleton. Mutations in SPTBN2 is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 5. SPTBN2 contains two copies of the CH domain. This model corresponds to the second CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  426 QKPNASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRL 504
Cdd:cd21321     2 EKKSAKDALLLWCQMKTAGYPNVNVHNFTTSWRDGLAFNAIVHKHRPDLIDFETLKKSNAHYNLQNAFNvAEKELGLTKL 81

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 358356414  505 LEPSDmVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHFS 533
Cdd:cd21321    82 LDPED-VNVDQPDEKSIITYVATYYHYFS 109

second calponin homology (CH) domain found in alpha-actinin-1; Alpha-actinin-1 (ACTN1), also called alpha-actinin cytoskeletal isoform, or non-muscle alpha-actinin-1, is an F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. ACTN1 is a bundling protein. Its mutations cause congenital macrothrombocytopenia. It contains two copies of the CH domain. This model corresponds to the second CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  426 QKPNASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRL 504
Cdd:cd21287     7 EETSAKEGLLLWCQRKTAPYKNVNIQNFHISWKDGLGFCALIHRHRPELIDYGKLRKDDPLTNLNTAFDvAEKYLDIPKM 86

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 358356414  505 LEPSDMVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHFSGQE 536
Cdd:cd21287    87 LDAEDIVGTARPDEKAIMTYVSSFYHAFSGAQ 118

second calponin homology (CH) domain found in synaptic nuclear envelope protein 2 (SYNE-2) and similar proteins; SYNE-2, also called nesprin-2, KASH domain-containing protein 2 (KASH2), nuclear envelope spectrin repeat protein 2, nucleus and actin connecting element protein, or protein NUANCE, is a multi-isomeric modular protein which forms a linking network between organelles and the actin cytoskeleton to maintain subcellular spatial organization. SYNE-2 also acts as a component of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex, which is involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton. SYNE-2 contains two copies of the CH domain. This model corresponds to the second CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  427 KPNASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRLL 505
Cdd:cd21244     3 KMSARKALLLWAQEQCAKVGSISVTDFKSSWRNGLAFLAIIHALRPGLVDMEKLKGRSNRENLEEAFRiAEQELKIPRLL 82

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|..
gi 358356414  506 EPSDmVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQ 527
Cdd:cd21244    83 EPED-VDVVNPDEKSIMTYVAQ 103

second calponin homology (CH) domain found in spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1) and similar proteins; Spectrin is an actin crosslinking and molecular scaffold protein that links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, and functions in the determination of cell shape, arrangement of transmembrane proteins, and organization of organelles. It is composed of two antiparallel dimers of alpha- and beta- subunits. SPTBN1, also called beta-II spectrin, fodrin beta chain, or spectrin, non-erythroid beta chain 1, is also a component of fodrin, which is the general spectrin-like protein that seems to be involved in secretion. Fodrin interacts with calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner and is thus a candidate for the calcium-dependent movement of the cytoskeleton at the membrane. SPTBN1 contains two copies of the CH domain. This model corresponds to the second CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  429 NASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRLLEP 507
Cdd:cd21320     2 SAKDALLLWCQMKTAGYPNVNIHNFTTSWRDGMAFNALIHKHRPDLIDFDKLKKSNAHYNLQNAFNlAEQHLGLTKLLDP 81

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 358356414  508 SDmVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHFS 533
Cdd:cd21320    82 ED-ISVDHPDEKSIITYVVTYYHYFS 106

second calponin homology (CH) domain found in alpha-actinin-3; Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3), also called alpha-actinin skeletal muscle isoform 3, is an F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. ACTN3 is a bundling protein. It is critical in anchoring the myofibrillar actin filaments and plays a key role in muscle contraction. It contains two copies of the CH domain. This model corresponds to the second CH domain. CH domains are actin filament (F-actin) binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414  426 QKPNASQSLLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQDIKENNKKAYD-GFASIGISRL 504
Cdd:cd21289     7 EETSAKEGLLLWCQRKTAPYRNVNVQNFHTSWKDGLALCALIHRHRPDLIDYAKLRKDDPIGNLNTAFEvAEKYLDIPKM 86

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 358356414  505 LEPSDMVLLAIPDKLTVMTYLYQIRAHFSGQE 536
Cdd:cd21289    87 LDAEDIVNTPKPDEKAIMTYVSCFYHAFAGAE 118

Calponin homology domain; Actin binding domains present in duplicate at the N-termini of spectrin-like proteins (including dystrophin, alpha-actinin). These domains cross-link actin filaments into bundles and networks. A calponin homology domain is predicted in yeasst Cdc24p.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414    434 LLAWCREVTKNYRGVKITNFTTSWRNGLSFCAILHHFRPDLIDYKSLNPQ----DIKENNKKAYDGFASIGISR-LLEPS 508
Cdd:smart00033    3 LLRWVNSLLAEYDKPPVTNFSSDLKDGVALCALLNSLSPGLVDKKKVAASlsrfKKIENINLALSFAEKLGGKVvLFEPE 82

                            90       100
                    ....*....|....*....|
gi 358356414    509 DMVLLAiPDKLTVMTYLYQI 528
Cdd:smart00033   83 DLVEGP-KLILGVIWTLISL 101