Tuberculosis necrotizing toxin; This is the C-terminal domain secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It induces necrosis of infected cells to evade immune responses. Mtb utilizes the protein CpnT to kill human macrophages by secreting its C-terminal domain (CTD), named tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) that induces necrosis. It acts as a NAD+ glycohydrolase which hydrolyzes the essential cellular coenzyme NAD+ in the cytosol of infected macrophages resulting in necrotic cell death. CpnT transports its toxic CTD from the cell surface of M. tuberculosis by proteolytic cleavage, where the toxin is cleaved to induce host cell death. Structural analysis determined that the TNT core contains only six beta-strands as opposed to seven found in all known NAD+-utilizing toxins, and is significantly smaller, with only two short alpha-helices and two 3/10 helices. Furthermore, the putative NAD+ binding pocket identified Q822, Y765 and R757 as residues possibly involved in NAD+-binding and hydrolysis based on similar positions of catalytic amino acids of ADP-ribosylating toxins. While glutamine 822 residue was detected to be highly conserved among TNT homologs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 504435365   17 AGQIIDRYGSSSGRFTSPIENgvtlPFNKRGLPYPEGYQNYHQYRILKDISVEnvkegfsklsitdkqllmadmeefrfs 96
Cdd:pfam14021   1 PGTLLDRFGSEYGRFLAPAGT----PYEQRSLPPSNLNRNYHVYRVLKPLPVL--------------------------- 49

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 504435365   97 fddlanpqKGQIAKVFGQ-GGGTQIKMI-TSISWFEKLGLLRE 137
Cdd:pfam14021  50 --------AGPIAPWFGQpGGGVQYVLPrPSVADLLADGYLEE 84

Tuberculosis necrotizing toxin; This is the C-terminal domain secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It induces necrosis of infected cells to evade immune responses. Mtb utilizes the protein CpnT to kill human macrophages by secreting its C-terminal domain (CTD), named tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) that induces necrosis. It acts as a NAD+ glycohydrolase which hydrolyzes the essential cellular coenzyme NAD+ in the cytosol of infected macrophages resulting in necrotic cell death. CpnT transports its toxic CTD from the cell surface of M. tuberculosis by proteolytic cleavage, where the toxin is cleaved to induce host cell death. Structural analysis determined that the TNT core contains only six beta-strands as opposed to seven found in all known NAD+-utilizing toxins, and is significantly smaller, with only two short alpha-helices and two 3/10 helices. Furthermore, the putative NAD+ binding pocket identified Q822, Y765 and R757 as residues possibly involved in NAD+-binding and hydrolysis based on similar positions of catalytic amino acids of ADP-ribosylating toxins. While glutamine 822 residue was detected to be highly conserved among TNT homologs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 504435365   17 AGQIIDRYGSSSGRFTSPIENgvtlPFNKRGLPYPEGYQNYHQYRILKDISVEnvkegfsklsitdkqllmadmeefrfs 96
Cdd:pfam14021   1 PGTLLDRFGSEYGRFLAPAGT----PYEQRSLPPSNLNRNYHVYRVLKPLPVL--------------------------- 49

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 504435365   97 fddlanpqKGQIAKVFGQ-GGGTQIKMI-TSISWFEKLGLLRE 137
Cdd:pfam14021  50 --------AGPIAPWFGQpGGGVQYVLPrPSVADLLADGYLEE 84

Tuberculosis necrotizing toxin; This is the C-terminal domain secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It induces necrosis of infected cells to evade immune responses. Mtb utilizes the protein CpnT to kill human macrophages by secreting its C-terminal domain (CTD), named tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) that induces necrosis. It acts as a NAD+ glycohydrolase which hydrolyzes the essential cellular coenzyme NAD+ in the cytosol of infected macrophages resulting in necrotic cell death. CpnT transports its toxic CTD from the cell surface of M. tuberculosis by proteolytic cleavage, where the toxin is cleaved to induce host cell death. Structural analysis determined that the TNT core contains only six beta-strands as opposed to seven found in all known NAD+-utilizing toxins, and is significantly smaller, with only two short alpha-helices and two 3/10 helices. Furthermore, the putative NAD+ binding pocket identified Q822, Y765 and R757 as residues possibly involved in NAD+-binding and hydrolysis based on similar positions of catalytic amino acids of ADP-ribosylating toxins. While glutamine 822 residue was detected to be highly conserved among TNT homologs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 504435365   17 AGQIIDRYGSSSGRFTSPIENgvtlPFNKRGLPYPEGYQNYHQYRILKDISVEnvkegfsklsitdkqllmadmeefrfs 96
Cdd:pfam14021   1 PGTLLDRFGSEYGRFLAPAGT----PYEQRSLPPSNLNRNYHVYRVLKPLPVL--------------------------- 49

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 504435365   97 fddlanpqKGQIAKVFGQ-GGGTQIKMI-TSISWFEKLGLLRE 137
Cdd:pfam14021  50 --------AGPIAPWFGQpGGGVQYVLPrPSVADLLADGYLEE 84