aldehyde dehydrogenase family protein is an NAD(P)(+)-dependent enzyme that may oxidize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids and may play an important role in detoxification
NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily; The aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily ...
38-474
1.46e-109
NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily; The aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily (ALDH-SF) of NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes, in general, oxidize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids and play an important role in detoxification. Besides aldehyde detoxification, many ALDH isozymes possess multiple additional catalytic and non-catalytic functions such as participating in metabolic pathways, or as binding proteins, or osmoregulants, to mention a few. The enzyme has three domains, a NAD(P)+ cofactor-binding domain, a catalytic domain, and a bridging domain; and the active enzyme is generally either homodimeric or homotetrameric. The catalytic mechanism is proposed to involve cofactor binding, resulting in a conformational change and activation of an invariant catalytic cysteine nucleophile. The cysteine and aldehyde substrate form an oxyanion thiohemiacetal intermediate resulting in hydride transfer to the cofactor and formation of a thioacylenzyme intermediate. Hydrolysis of the thioacylenzyme and release of the carboxylic acid product occurs, and in most cases, the reduced cofactor dissociates from the enzyme. The evolutionary phylogenetic tree of ALDHs appears to have an initial bifurcation between what has been characterized as the classical aldehyde dehydrogenases, the ALDH family (ALDH) and extended family members or aldehyde dehydrogenase-like (ALDH-L) proteins. The ALDH proteins are represented by enzymes which share a number of highly conserved residues necessary for catalysis and cofactor binding and they include such proteins as retinal dehydrogenase, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenases, alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase, alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase and succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Included in this larger group are all human, Arabidopsis, Tortula, fungal, protozoan, and Drosophila ALDHs identified in families ALDH1 through ALDH22 with the exception of families ALDH18, ALDH19, and ALDH20 which are present in the ALDH-like group. The ALDH-like group is represented by such proteins as gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase, LuxC-like acyl-CoA reductase, and coenzyme A acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase. All of these proteins have a conserved cysteine that aligns with the catalytic cysteine of the ALDH group.
The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member cd07080:
Pssm-ID: 448367 Cd Length: 422 Bit Score: 331.55 E-value: 1.46e-109
Acyl-CoA reductase LuxC; Acyl-CoA reductase, LuxC, (EC=1.2.1.50) is the fatty acid reductase ...
38-474
1.46e-109
Acyl-CoA reductase LuxC; Acyl-CoA reductase, LuxC, (EC=1.2.1.50) is the fatty acid reductase enzyme responsible for synthesis of the aldehyde substrate for the luminescent reaction catalyzed by luciferase. The fatty acid reductase, a luminescence-specific, multienzyme complex (LuxCDE), reduces myristic acid to generate the long chain fatty aldehyde required for the luciferase-catalyzed reaction resulting in the emission of blue-green light. Mutational studies of conserved cysteines of LuxC revealed that the cysteine which aligns with the catalytic cysteine conserved throughout the ALDH superfamily is the LuxC acylation site. This CD is composed of mainly bacterial sequences but also includes a few archaeal sequences similar to the Methanospirillum hungateiacyl acyl-CoA reductase RfbN.
Pssm-ID: 143399 Cd Length: 422 Bit Score: 331.55 E-value: 1.46e-109
Acyl-CoA reductase (LuxC); This family consists of several bacterial Acyl-CoA reductase (LuxC) ...
62-473
4.52e-57
Acyl-CoA reductase (LuxC); This family consists of several bacterial Acyl-CoA reductase (LuxC) proteins. The channelling of fatty acids into the fatty aldehyde substrate for the bacterial bioluminescence reaction is catalyzed by a fatty acid reductase multienzyme complex, which channels fatty acids through the thioesterase (LuxD), synthetase (LuxE) and reductase (LuxC) components.
Pssm-ID: 399113 Cd Length: 401 Bit Score: 194.58 E-value: 4.52e-57
Acyl-CoA reductase LuxC; Acyl-CoA reductase, LuxC, (EC=1.2.1.50) is the fatty acid reductase ...
38-474
1.46e-109
Acyl-CoA reductase LuxC; Acyl-CoA reductase, LuxC, (EC=1.2.1.50) is the fatty acid reductase enzyme responsible for synthesis of the aldehyde substrate for the luminescent reaction catalyzed by luciferase. The fatty acid reductase, a luminescence-specific, multienzyme complex (LuxCDE), reduces myristic acid to generate the long chain fatty aldehyde required for the luciferase-catalyzed reaction resulting in the emission of blue-green light. Mutational studies of conserved cysteines of LuxC revealed that the cysteine which aligns with the catalytic cysteine conserved throughout the ALDH superfamily is the LuxC acylation site. This CD is composed of mainly bacterial sequences but also includes a few archaeal sequences similar to the Methanospirillum hungateiacyl acyl-CoA reductase RfbN.
Pssm-ID: 143399 Cd Length: 422 Bit Score: 331.55 E-value: 1.46e-109
Acyl-CoA reductase (LuxC); This family consists of several bacterial Acyl-CoA reductase (LuxC) ...
62-473
4.52e-57
Acyl-CoA reductase (LuxC); This family consists of several bacterial Acyl-CoA reductase (LuxC) proteins. The channelling of fatty acids into the fatty aldehyde substrate for the bacterial bioluminescence reaction is catalyzed by a fatty acid reductase multienzyme complex, which channels fatty acids through the thioesterase (LuxD), synthetase (LuxE) and reductase (LuxC) components.
Pssm-ID: 399113 Cd Length: 401 Bit Score: 194.58 E-value: 4.52e-57
NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase-like (ALDH-like) family; The aldehyde ...
119-332
3.35e-13
NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase-like (ALDH-like) family; The aldehyde dehydrogenase-like (ALDH-like) group of the ALDH superfamily of NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes which, in general, oxidize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids and play an important role in detoxification. This group includes families ALDH18, ALDH19, and ALDH20 and represents such proteins as gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase, LuxC-like acyl-CoA reductase, and coenzyme A acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase. All of these proteins have a conserved cysteine that aligns with the catalytic cysteine of the ALDH group.
Pssm-ID: 143396 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 397 Bit Score: 71.10 E-value: 3.35e-13
NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily; The aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily ...
120-314
4.25e-06
NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily; The aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily (ALDH-SF) of NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes, in general, oxidize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids and play an important role in detoxification. Besides aldehyde detoxification, many ALDH isozymes possess multiple additional catalytic and non-catalytic functions such as participating in metabolic pathways, or as binding proteins, or osmoregulants, to mention a few. The enzyme has three domains, a NAD(P)+ cofactor-binding domain, a catalytic domain, and a bridging domain; and the active enzyme is generally either homodimeric or homotetrameric. The catalytic mechanism is proposed to involve cofactor binding, resulting in a conformational change and activation of an invariant catalytic cysteine nucleophile. The cysteine and aldehyde substrate form an oxyanion thiohemiacetal intermediate resulting in hydride transfer to the cofactor and formation of a thioacylenzyme intermediate. Hydrolysis of the thioacylenzyme and release of the carboxylic acid product occurs, and in most cases, the reduced cofactor dissociates from the enzyme. The evolutionary phylogenetic tree of ALDHs appears to have an initial bifurcation between what has been characterized as the classical aldehyde dehydrogenases, the ALDH family (ALDH) and extended family members or aldehyde dehydrogenase-like (ALDH-L) proteins. The ALDH proteins are represented by enzymes which share a number of highly conserved residues necessary for catalysis and cofactor binding and they include such proteins as retinal dehydrogenase, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenases, alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase, alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase and succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Included in this larger group are all human, Arabidopsis, Tortula, fungal, protozoan, and Drosophila ALDHs identified in families ALDH1 through ALDH22 with the exception of families ALDH18, ALDH19, and ALDH20 which are present in the ALDH-like group. The ALDH-like group is represented by such proteins as gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase, LuxC-like acyl-CoA reductase, and coenzyme A acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase. All of these proteins have a conserved cysteine that aligns with the catalytic cysteine of the ALDH group.
Pssm-ID: 143395 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 367 Bit Score: 48.76 E-value: 4.25e-06
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
of the residues that compose this conserved feature have been mapped to the query sequence.
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