Protein Kinases, catalytic domain; The protein kinase superfamily is mainly composed of the catalytic domains of serine/threonine-specific and tyrosine-specific protein kinases. It also includes RIO kinases, which are atypical serine protein kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferases, and choline kinases. These proteins catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to hydroxyl groups in specific substrates such as serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues of proteins.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 516459781  47 PSRWQRWLHACQRPRWQMafatvaGLALMIGVVMRSPVPQPDIS-----PATFSALHPESARPAPAPMARMAVAPRAESA 121
Cdd:cd06650  171 PERLQGTHYSVQSDIWSM------GLSLVEMAVGRYPIPPPDAKelelmFGCQVEGDAAETPPRPRTPGRPLSSYGMDSR 244

                         90       100       110       120       130       140
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 516459781 122 PVQA--EIAGALSDKSPARLskraPVALPSLEegLQEIVN-LRAAGDSQAADEKLLALHARFPQEDL 185
Cdd:cd06650  245 PPMAifELLDYIVNEPPPKL----PSGVFSLE--FQDFVNkCLIKNPAERADLKQLMVHAFIKRSDA 305

Catalytic domain of the dual-specificity Protein Kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP)/Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Kinase 1; PKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine (ST) or tyrosine residues on protein substrates. MEK1 is a dual-specificity PK and a MAPK kinase (MAPKK or MKK) that phosphorylates and activates the downstream targets, ERK1 and ERK2, on specific threonine and tyrosine residues. The ERK cascade starts with extracellular signals including growth factors, hormones, and neurotransmitters, which act through receptors and ion channels to initiate intracellular signaling that leads to the activation at the MAPKKK (Raf-1 or MOS) level, which leads to the transmission of signals to MEK1, and finally to ERK1/2. The ERK cascade plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, oncogenic transformation, and cell cycle control, as well as in apoptosis and cell survival under certain conditions. Gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding ERK cascade proteins, including MEK1, cause cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome, a condition leading to multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation in patients. MEK1 also plays a role in cell cycle control. The MEK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 516459781  47 PSRWQRWLHACQRPRWQMafatvaGLALMIGVVMRSPVPQPDIS-----PATFSALHPESARPAPAPMARMAVAPRAESA 121
Cdd:cd06650  171 PERLQGTHYSVQSDIWSM------GLSLVEMAVGRYPIPPPDAKelelmFGCQVEGDAAETPPRPRTPGRPLSSYGMDSR 244

                         90       100       110       120       130       140
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 516459781 122 PVQA--EIAGALSDKSPARLskraPVALPSLEegLQEIVN-LRAAGDSQAADEKLLALHARFPQEDL 185
Cdd:cd06650  245 PPMAifELLDYIVNEPPPKL----PSGVFSLE--FQDFVNkCLIKNPAERADLKQLMVHAFIKRSDA 305

Catalytic domain of the dual-specificity Protein Kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP)/Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Kinase 1; PKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine (ST) or tyrosine residues on protein substrates. MEK1 is a dual-specificity PK and a MAPK kinase (MAPKK or MKK) that phosphorylates and activates the downstream targets, ERK1 and ERK2, on specific threonine and tyrosine residues. The ERK cascade starts with extracellular signals including growth factors, hormones, and neurotransmitters, which act through receptors and ion channels to initiate intracellular signaling that leads to the activation at the MAPKKK (Raf-1 or MOS) level, which leads to the transmission of signals to MEK1, and finally to ERK1/2. The ERK cascade plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, oncogenic transformation, and cell cycle control, as well as in apoptosis and cell survival under certain conditions. Gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding ERK cascade proteins, including MEK1, cause cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome, a condition leading to multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation in patients. MEK1 also plays a role in cell cycle control. The MEK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 516459781  47 PSRWQRWLHACQRPRWQMafatvaGLALMIGVVMRSPVPQPDIS-----PATFSALHPESARPAPAPMARMAVAPRAESA 121
Cdd:cd06650  171 PERLQGTHYSVQSDIWSM------GLSLVEMAVGRYPIPPPDAKelelmFGCQVEGDAAETPPRPRTPGRPLSSYGMDSR 244

                         90       100       110       120       130       140
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 516459781 122 PVQA--EIAGALSDKSPARLskraPVALPSLEegLQEIVN-LRAAGDSQAADEKLLALHARFPQEDL 185
Cdd:cd06650  245 PPMAifELLDYIVNEPPPKL----PSGVFSLE--FQDFVNkCLIKNPAERADLKQLMVHAFIKRSDA 305