M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1 subfamily; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized subfamily of bacterial proteins predicted as putative amidohydrolases or hippurate hydrolases. These are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
:
Pssm-ID: 349916 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 373 Bit Score: 635.72 E-value: 0e+00
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1 subfamily; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized subfamily of bacterial proteins predicted as putative amidohydrolases or hippurate hydrolases. These are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
Pssm-ID: 349916 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 373 Bit Score: 635.72 E-value: 0e+00
Metal-dependent amidase/aminoacylase/carboxypeptidase [General function prediction only]; ...
8-391
0e+00
Metal-dependent amidase/aminoacylase/carboxypeptidase [General function prediction only]; Metal-dependent amidase/aminoacylase/carboxypeptidase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Lysine biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 441082 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 386 Bit Score: 577.45 E-value: 0e+00
amidohydrolase; This model represents a subfamily of amidohydrolases which are a subset of ...
19-378
1.23e-136
amidohydrolase; This model represents a subfamily of amidohydrolases which are a subset of those sequences detected by pfam01546. Included within this group are hydrolases of hippurate (N-benzylglycine), indoleacetic acid (IAA) N-conjugates of amino acids, N-acetyl-L-amino acids and aminobenzoylglutamate. These hydrolases are of the carboxypeptidase-type, most likely utilizing a zinc ion in the active site. [Protein fate, Degradation of proteins, peptides, and glycopeptides]
Pssm-ID: 273857 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 363 Bit Score: 394.40 E-value: 1.23e-136
Peptidase family M20/M25/M40; This family includes a range of zinc metallopeptidases belonging ...
76-388
1.44e-88
Peptidase family M20/M25/M40; This family includes a range of zinc metallopeptidases belonging to several families in the peptidase classification. Family M20 are Glutamate carboxypeptidases. Peptidase family M25 contains X-His dipeptidases.
Pssm-ID: 460247 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 315 Bit Score: 270.37 E-value: 1.44e-88
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1 subfamily; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized subfamily of bacterial proteins predicted as putative amidohydrolases or hippurate hydrolases. These are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
Pssm-ID: 349916 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 373 Bit Score: 635.72 E-value: 0e+00
Metal-dependent amidase/aminoacylase/carboxypeptidase [General function prediction only]; ...
8-391
0e+00
Metal-dependent amidase/aminoacylase/carboxypeptidase [General function prediction only]; Metal-dependent amidase/aminoacylase/carboxypeptidase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Lysine biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 441082 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 386 Bit Score: 577.45 E-value: 0e+00
M20 Peptidase Aminoacylase 1 family; Peptidase M20 family, Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1; hippuricase; acylase I; amido acid deacylase; IAA-amino acid hydrolase; dehydropeptidase II; N-acyl-L-amino-acid amidohydrolase; EC 3.5.1.14) subfamily. ACY1 is the most abundant of the aminoacylases, a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. It is encoded by the aminoacylase 1 gene (Acy1) on chromosome 3p21 that comprises 15 exons. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in the protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity; substrates include indoleacetic acid (IAA) N-conjugates of amino acids, N-acetyl-L-amino acids and aminobenzoylglutamate. ACY1 breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine). ACY1 appears to physically interact with Sphingosine kinase type 1 (SphK1) and may influence its physiological functions; SphK1 and its product sphingosine-1-phosphate have been shown to promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis of tumor cells. Strong expression of the human gene and its mouse ortholog Acy1 in brain, liver, and kidney, suggest a role of the enzyme in amino acid metabolism of these organs. Defects in ACY1 are the cause of aminoacylase-1 deficiency (ACY1D), resulting in a metabolic disorder manifesting encephalopathy and psychomotor delay.
Pssm-ID: 349882 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 371 Bit Score: 494.04 E-value: 1.17e-175
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1 subfamily, includes Bacillus subtilis YhaA and Staphylococcus ...
15-389
4.35e-157
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1 subfamily, includes Bacillus subtilis YhaA and Staphylococcus aureus amidohydrolase, SACOL0085; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized subfamily of bacterial proteins predicted as putative amidohydrolases or hippurate hydrolases. These are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine). This family includes Staphylococcus aureus amidohydrolase, SACOL0085, which contains two manganese ions in the active site, and forms a homotetramer with variations in interdomain orientation which possibly plays a role in the regulation of catalytic activity.
Pssm-ID: 349941 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 384 Bit Score: 447.10 E-value: 4.35e-157
amidohydrolase; This model represents a subfamily of amidohydrolases which are a subset of ...
19-378
1.23e-136
amidohydrolase; This model represents a subfamily of amidohydrolases which are a subset of those sequences detected by pfam01546. Included within this group are hydrolases of hippurate (N-benzylglycine), indoleacetic acid (IAA) N-conjugates of amino acids, N-acetyl-L-amino acids and aminobenzoylglutamate. These hydrolases are of the carboxypeptidase-type, most likely utilizing a zinc ion in the active site. [Protein fate, Degradation of proteins, peptides, and glycopeptides]
Pssm-ID: 273857 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 363 Bit Score: 394.40 E-value: 1.23e-136
M20 Peptidase aminoacyclase-1 YxeP-like proteins, including YxeP, YtnL, YjiB and HipO2; ...
19-391
6.52e-131
M20 Peptidase aminoacyclase-1 YxeP-like proteins, including YxeP, YtnL, YjiB and HipO2; Peptidase M20 family, aminoacyclase-1 YxeP-like subfamily including YxeP, YtnL, YjiB and HipO2, most of which have not been well characterized to date. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in the protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity; substrates include indoleacetic acid (IAA) N-conjugates of amino acids, N-acetyl-L-amino acids and aminobenzoylglutamate. ACY1 breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as in the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine). ACY1 appears to physically interact with Sphingosine kinase type 1 (SphK1) and may influence its physiological functions; SphK1 and its product sphingosine-1-phosphate have been shown to promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis of tumor cells. Strong expression of the human gene and its mouse ortholog Acy1 in brain, liver, and kidney suggest a role of the enzyme in amino acid metabolism of these organs.
Pssm-ID: 349919 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 371 Bit Score: 380.49 E-value: 6.52e-131
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1 subfamily; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized subfamily of bacterial proteins predicted as putative amidohydrolases. These are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
Pssm-ID: 349940 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 372 Bit Score: 375.14 E-value: 7.66e-129
M20 Peptidase Indole-3-acetic acid amino acid hydrolase; Peptidase M20 family, plant aminoacyclase-1 indole-3-acetic-L-aspartic acid hydrolase (IAA-Asp hydrolase; IAAspH; IAAH; IAA amidohydrolase; EC 3.5.1.-) subfamily. IAAspH hydrolyzes indole-3-acetyl-N-aspartic acid (IAA or auxin) to indole-3-acetic acid. Genes encoding IAA-amidohydrolases were first cloned from Arabidopsis; ILR1, IAR3, ILL1 and ILL2 encode active IAA- amino acid hydrolases, and three additional amidohydrolase-like genes (ILL3, ILL5, ILL6) have been isolated. In higher plants, the growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid (IAA or auxin) is found both free and conjugated via amide bonding to a variety of amino acids and peptides, and via an ester linkage to carbohydrates. IAA-Asp conjugates are involved in homeostatic control, protection, storing and subsequent use of free IAA. IAA-Asp is also found in some plants as a unique intermediate for entering into IAA non-decarboxylative oxidative pathway. IAA amidohydrolase cleaves the amide bond between the auxin and the conjugated amino acid. Enterobacter agglomerans IAAspH has very strong enzyme activity and substrate specificity towards IAA-Asp, although its substrate affinity is weaker compared to Arabidopsis enzymes of the ILR1 gene family. Enhanced IAA-hydrolase activity has been observed during clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage.
Pssm-ID: 349938 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 376 Bit Score: 370.11 E-value: 9.29e-127
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1 subfamily; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized subfamily of uncharacterized bacterial proteins predicted as putative amidohydrolases. These are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
Pssm-ID: 349936 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 371 Bit Score: 357.35 E-value: 7.83e-122
M20 Peptidase aminoacyclase-1 YkuR-like proteins, including YkuR and Ama/HipO/HyuC proteins; ...
17-391
6.03e-121
M20 Peptidase aminoacyclase-1 YkuR-like proteins, including YkuR and Ama/HipO/HyuC proteins; Peptidase M20 family, aminoacyclase-1 YkuR-like subfamily including YkuR and Ama/HipO/HyuC proteins, most of which have not been well characterized to date. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in the protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity; substrates include indoleacetic acid (IAA) N-conjugates of amino acids, N-acetyl-L-amino acids and aminobenzoylglutamate. ACY1 breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as in the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine). ACY1 appears to physically interact with Sphingosine kinase type 1 (SphK1) and may influence its physiological functions; SphK1 and its product sphingosine-1-phosphate have been shown to promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis of tumor cells. Strong expression of the human gene and its mouse ortholog Acy1 in brain, liver, and kidney suggest a role of the enzyme in amino acid metabolism of these organs.
Pssm-ID: 349920 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 367 Bit Score: 354.65 E-value: 6.03e-121
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1 subfamily; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized subfamily of bacterial proteins that have been predicted as N-acyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase (amaA), thermostable carboxypeptidase (cpsA-1, cpsA-2 in Sulfolobus solfataricus) and abgB (aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization protein B), and generally are involved in the urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups. Aminoacylases 1 (ACY1s) comprise a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and is a highly conserved process that is involved in the protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. ACY1 breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
Pssm-ID: 349917 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 403 Bit Score: 354.43 E-value: 2.52e-120
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1 subfamily; Peptidase M20 family, Uncharacterized subfamily of proteins predicted as putative amidohydrolases or hippurate hydrolases. These are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in the protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as in the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
Pssm-ID: 349914 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 399 Bit Score: 330.46 E-value: 6.46e-111
Peptidase family M20/M25/M40; This family includes a range of zinc metallopeptidases belonging ...
76-388
1.44e-88
Peptidase family M20/M25/M40; This family includes a range of zinc metallopeptidases belonging to several families in the peptidase classification. Family M20 are Glutamate carboxypeptidases. Peptidase family M25 contains X-His dipeptidases.
Pssm-ID: 460247 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 315 Bit Score: 270.37 E-value: 1.44e-88
M20 Peptidase Aminoacylase 1-like family; This family includes aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) and ...
19-386
2.33e-85
M20 Peptidase Aminoacylase 1-like family; This family includes aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) and Aminoacylase 1-like protein 2 (ACY1L2). Aminoacylase 1 proteins are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. ACY1 (acyl-L-amino-acid amidohydrolase; EC 3.5.1.14) is the most abundant of the aminoacylases, a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. It is encoded by the aminoacylase 1 gene (Acy1) on chromosome 3p21 that comprises 15 exons. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity; substrates include indoleacetic acid (IAA) N-conjugates of amino acids, N-acetyl-L-amino acids and aminobenzoylglutamate. ACY1 breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1L2 family contains many uncharacterized proteins predicted as amidohydrolases, including gene products of abgA and abgB that catalyze the cleavage of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate, a folate catabolite in E. coli, to p-aminobenzoate and glutamate. p-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization is catalyzed by the abg region gene product, AbgT. Defects in ACY1 are the cause of aminoacylase-1 deficiency (ACY1D) resulting in a metabolic disorder manifesting with encephalopathy and psychomotor delay.
Pssm-ID: 349945 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 366 Bit Score: 264.10 E-value: 2.33e-85
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1 amhX-like subfamily; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized subfamily of proteins predicted as putative amidohydrolases, including the amhX gene product from Bacillus subtilis. These are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
Pssm-ID: 349939 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 365 Bit Score: 229.86 E-value: 3.62e-72
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1 subfamily; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized subfamily of bacterial uncharacterized proteins predicted as putative amidohydrolases. These are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
Pssm-ID: 349918 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 371 Bit Score: 209.30 E-value: 3.44e-64
M20 Peptidases aminoacyclase-1 indole-3-acetic-L-aspartic acid hydrolase; Peptidase M20 family, bacterial and archaeal aminoacyclase-1 indole-3-acetic-L-aspartic acid hydrolase (IAA-Asp hydrolase; IAAspH; IAAH; IAA amidohydrolase; EC 3.5.1.-) subfamily. IAAspH hydrolyzes indole-3-acetyl-N-aspartic acid (IAA or auxin) to indole-3-acetic acid. Genes encoding IAA-amidohydrolases were first cloned from Arabidopsis; ILR1, IAR3, ILL1 and ILL2 encode active IAA- amino acid hydrolases, and three additional amidohydrolase-like genes (ILL3, ILL5, ILL6) have been isolated. In higher plants, the growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid (IAA or auxin) is found both free and conjugated via amide bonding to a variety of amino acids and peptides, and via an ester linkage to carbohydrates. IAA-Asp conjugates are involved in homeostatic control, protection, storing and subsequent use of free IAA. IAA-Asp is also found in some plants as a unique intermediate for entering into IAA non-decarboxylative oxidative pathway. IAA amidohydrolase cleaves the amide bond between the auxin and the conjugated amino acid. Enterobacter agglomerans IAAspH has very strong enzyme activity and substrate specificity towards IAA-Asp, although its substrate affinity is weaker compared to Arabidopsis enzymes of the ILR1 gene family. Enhanced IAA-hydrolase activity has been observed during clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage.
Pssm-ID: 349915 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 415 Bit Score: 203.32 E-value: 2.72e-61
M20 Peptidase Aminoacylase 1-like protein 2, amidohydrolase family; Peptidase M20 family, Aminoacylase 1-like protein 2 (ACY1L2; amidohydrolase) subfamily. This group contains many uncharacterized proteins predicted as amidohydrolases, including gene products of abgA and abgB that catalyze the cleavage of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate, a folate catabolite in Escherichia coli, to p-aminobenzoate and glutamate. p-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization is catalyzed by the abg region gene product, AbgT. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) proteins are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in the protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. ACY1 breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
Pssm-ID: 349883 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 360 Bit Score: 126.54 E-value: 6.76e-33
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1-like protein 2-like, amidohydrolase subfamily; Peptidase M20 family, aminoacylase 1-like protein 2 (ACY1L2; amidohydrolase)-like subfamily. This group contains many uncharacterized proteins predicted as amidohydrolases, including gene products of abgA and abgB that catalyze the cleavage of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate, a folate catabolite in Escherichia coli, to p-aminobenzoate and glutamate. p-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization is catalyzed by the abg region gene product, AbgT. This subfamily includes Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance factor HmrA that has been shown to participate in methicillin resistance mechanisms in vivo in the presence of beta-lactams. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) proteins are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in the protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. ACY1 breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
Pssm-ID: 349921 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 360 Bit Score: 123.83 E-value: 6.25e-32
Acetylornithine deacetylase/Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase or related deacylase [Amino ...
8-298
1.15e-18
Acetylornithine deacetylase/Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase or related deacylase [Amino acid transport and metabolism]; Acetylornithine deacetylase/Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase or related deacylase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Arginine biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440389 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 388 Bit Score: 86.86 E-value: 1.15e-18
M20 Peptidase Aminoacylase 1-like protein 2 aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization protein B ...
28-284
1.71e-17
M20 Peptidase Aminoacylase 1-like protein 2 aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization protein B subfamily; Peptidase M20 family, ACY1L2 aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization protein B (AbgB) subfamily. This group contains mostly bacterial amidohydrolases, including gene products of abgB that catalyze the cleavage of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate, a folate catabolite in Escherichia coli, to p-aminobenzoate and glutamate. p-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate is a natural end product of folate catabolism, and its utilization is initiated by the abg region gene product, AbgT, by enabling uptake of its into the cell in a concentration-dependent, saturable manner. It is subsequently cleaved by AbgA and AbgB (sometimes referred to as AbgAB).
Pssm-ID: 349922 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 437 Bit Score: 83.51 E-value: 1.71e-17
Peptidase M20 acetylornithine deacetylase/succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase (ArgE/DapE)-like; Peptidase M20 acetylornithine deacetylase/succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase (ArgE/DapE) like family of enzymes catalyze analogous reactions and share a common activator, the metal ion (usually Co2+ or Zn2+). ArgE catalyzes a broad range of substrates, including N-acetylornithine, alpha-N-acetylmethionine and alpha-N-formylmethionine, while DapE catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelate (L,L-SDAP) to L,L-diaminopimelate and succinate. Proteins in this family are mostly bacterial and have been inferred by homology as being related to both ArgE and DapE. This family also includes N-acetyl-L-citrulline deacetylase (ACDase; acetylcitrulline deacetylase), a unique, novel enzyme found in Xanthomonas campestris, a plant pathogen, in which N-acetyl-L-ornithine is the substrate for transcarbamoylation reaction, and the product is N-acetyl-L-citrulline. Thus, in the arginine biosynthesis pathway, ACDase subsequently catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-L-citrulline to acetate and L-citrulline.
Pssm-ID: 349944 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 361 Bit Score: 81.19 E-value: 7.55e-17
M20 Peptidase aminoacylase 1-like protein 2, amidohydrolase family; Peptidase M20 family, aminoacylase 1-like protein 2 (ACY1L2; amidohydrolase)-like subfamily. This group contains many uncharacterized proteins predicted as amidohydrolases, including gene products of abgA and abgB that catalyze the cleavage of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate, a folate catabolite in Escherichia coli , to p-aminobenzoate and glutamate. p-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization is catalyzed by the abg region gene product, AbgT. Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1) proteins are a class of zinc binding homodimeric enzymes involved in hydrolysis of N-acetylated proteins. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process that is involved in the protection and stability of proteins. Several types of aminoacylases can be distinguished on the basis of substrate specificity. ACY1 breaks down cytosolic aliphatic N-acyl-alpha-amino acids (except L-aspartate), especially N-acetyl-methionine and acetyl-glutamate into L-amino acids and an acyl group. However, ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. ACY1 may also play a role in xenobiotic bioactivation as well as the inter-organ processing of amino acid-conjugated xenobiotic derivatives (S-substituted-N-acetyl-L-cysteine).
Pssm-ID: 349947 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 389 Bit Score: 76.75 E-value: 2.83e-15
M20 Peptidase beta-alanine synthase, an amidohydrolase; Peptidase M20 family, beta-alanine synthase (bAS; N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine amidohydrolase and beta-ureidopropionase; EC 3.5.1.6) subfamily. bAS is an amidohydrolase and is the final enzyme in the pyrimidine catabolic pathway, which is involved in the regulation of the cellular pyrimidine pool. bAS catalyzes the irreversible hydrolysis of the N-carbamylated beta-amino acids to beta-alanine or aminoisobutyrate with the release of carbon dioxide and ammonia. Also included in this subfamily is allantoate amidohydrolase (allantoate deiminase), which catalyzes the conversion of allantoate to (S)-ureidoglycolate, one of the crucial alternate steps in purine metabolism. It is possible that these two enzymes arose from the same ancestral peptidase that evolved into two structurally related enzymes with distinct catalytic properties and biochemical roles within the cell. Downstream enzyme (S)-ureidoglycolate amidohydrolase (UAH) is homologous in structure and sequence with AAH and catalyzes the conversion of (S)-ureidoglycolate into glyoxylate, releasing two molecules of ammonia as by-products. Yeast requires beta-alanine as a precursor of pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, but generates it mostly via degradation of spermine. Disorders in pyrimidine degradation and beta-alanine metabolism caused by beta-ureidopropionase deficiency (UPB1 gene) in humans are normally associated with neurological disorders.
Pssm-ID: 349880 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 398 Bit Score: 68.32 E-value: 1.55e-12
Zinc peptidases M18, M20, M28, and M42; Zinc peptidases play vital roles in metabolic and ...
61-204
3.23e-12
Zinc peptidases M18, M20, M28, and M42; Zinc peptidases play vital roles in metabolic and signaling pathways throughout all kingdoms of life. This hierarchy contains zinc peptidases that correspond to the MH clan in the MEROPS database, which contains 4 families (M18, M20, M28, M42). The peptidase M20 family includes carboxypeptidases such as the glutamate carboxypeptidase from Pseudomonas, the thermostable carboxypeptidase Ss1 of broad specificity from archaea and yeast Gly-X carboxypeptidase. The dipeptidases include bacterial dipeptidase, peptidase V (PepV), a non-specific eukaryotic dipeptidase, and two Xaa-His dipeptidases (carnosinases). There is also the bacterial aminopeptidase, peptidase T (PepT) that acts only on tripeptide substrates and has therefore been termed a tripeptidase. Peptidase family M28 contains aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases, and has co-catalytic zinc ions. However, several enzymes in this family utilize other first row transition metal ions such as cobalt and manganese. Each zinc ion is tetrahedrally co-ordinated, with three amino acid ligands plus activated water; one aspartate residue binds both metal ions. The aminopeptidases in this family are also called bacterial leucyl aminopeptidases, but are able to release a variety of N-terminal amino acids. IAP aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase Y preferentially release basic amino acids while glutamate carboxypeptidase II preferentially releases C-terminal glutamates. Glutamate carboxypeptidase II and plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase hydrolyze dipeptides. Peptidase families M18 and M42 contain metallo-aminopeptidases. M18 is widely distributed in bacteria and eukaryotes. However, only yeast aminopeptidase I and mammalian aspartyl aminopeptidase have been characterized in detail. Some M42 (also known as glutamyl aminopeptidase) enzymes exhibit aminopeptidase specificity while others also have acylaminoacyl-peptidase activity (i.e. hydrolysis of acylated N-terminal residues).
Pssm-ID: 349870 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 200 Bit Score: 65.14 E-value: 3.23e-12
Peptidase dimerization domain; This domain consists of 4 beta strands and two alpha helices ...
190-287
1.62e-10
Peptidase dimerization domain; This domain consists of 4 beta strands and two alpha helices which make up the dimerization surface of members of the M20 family of peptidases. This family includes a range of zinc metallopeptidases belonging to several families in the peptidase classification. Family M20 are Glutamate carboxypeptidases. Peptidase family M25 contains X-His dipeptidases.
Pssm-ID: 400158 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 107 Bit Score: 57.74 E-value: 1.62e-10
M20, M18 and M42 Zn-peptidases include aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases; This family ...
61-175
1.63e-10
M20, M18 and M42 Zn-peptidases include aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases; This family corresponds to the MEROPS MH clan families M18, M20, and M42. The peptidase M20 family contains exopeptidases, including carboxypeptidases such as the glutamate carboxypeptidase from Pseudomonas, the thermostable carboxypeptidase Ss1 of broad specificity from archaea and yeast Gly-X carboxypeptidase, dipeptidases such as bacterial dipeptidase, peptidase V (PepV), a eukaryotic, non-specific dipeptidase, and two Xaa-His dipeptidases (carnosinases). This family also includes the bacterial aminopeptidase peptidase T (PepT) that acts only on tripeptide substrates and has therefore been termed a tripeptidase. These peptidases generally hydrolyze the late products of protein degradation so as to complete the conversion of proteins to free amino acids. Glutamate carboxypeptidase hydrolyzes folate analogs such as methotrexate, and therefore can be used to treat methotrexate toxicity. Peptidase families M18 and M42 contain metallo-aminopeptidases. M18 (aspartyl aminopeptidase, DAP) family cleaves only unblocked N-terminal acidic amino-acid residues and is highly selective for hydrolyzing aspartate or glutamate residues. Some M42 (also known as glutamyl aminopeptidase) enzymes exhibit aminopeptidase specificity while others also have acylaminoacyl-peptidase activity (i.e. hydrolysis of acylated N-terminal residues).
Pssm-ID: 349948 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 198 Bit Score: 60.14 E-value: 1.63e-10
M20 Peptidase acetylornithine deacetylase; Peptidase M20 family, acetylornithine deacetylase (ArgE, Acetylornithinase, AO, N2-acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.16) subfamily. ArgE catalyzes the conversion of N-acetylornithine to ornithine, which can then be incorporated into the urea cycle for the final stage of arginine synthesis. The substrate specificity of ArgE is quite broad; several alpha-N-acyl-L-amino acids can be hydrolyzed, including alpha-N-acetylmethionine and alpha-N-formylmethionine. ArgE shares significant sequence homology and biochemical features, and possibly a common origin, with glutamate carboxypeptidase (CPG2) and succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase (DapE), and aminoacylase I (ACY1), having all metal ligand binding residues conserved.
Pssm-ID: 349889 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 367 Bit Score: 57.22 E-value: 6.64e-09
M20 Peptidases with similarity to acetylornithine deacetylases and succinyl-diaminopimelate ...
39-262
8.20e-08
M20 Peptidases with similarity to acetylornithine deacetylases and succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylases; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized protein subfamily with similarity to acetylornithine deacetylase/succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase (ArgE/DapE) subfamily. This group includes the hypothetical protein ygeY from Escherichia coli, a putative deacetylase, but many in this subfamily are classified as unassigned peptidases. ArgE/DapE enzymes catalyze analogous reactions and share a common activator, the metal ion (usually Co2+ or Zn2+). ArgE catalyzes a broad range of substrates, including N-acetylornithine, alpha-N-acetylmethionine and alpha-N-formylmethionine, while DapE catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelate (L,L-SDAP) to L,L-diaminopimelate and succinate. Proteins in this subfamily are mostly archaeal, and have been inferred by homology as being related to both ArgE and DapE.
Pssm-ID: 349933 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 355 Bit Score: 53.54 E-value: 8.20e-08
M20 Peptidase Glutamate carboxypeptidase, a periplasmic enzyme; Peptidase M20 family, Glutamate carboxypeptidase (carboxypeptidase G; carboxypeptidase G1; carboxypeptidase G2; CPDG2; CPG2; Folate hydrolase G2; Pteroylmonoglutamic acid hydrolase G2; Glucarpidase; E.C. 3.4.17.11) subfamily. CPDG2 is a periplasmic enzyme that is synthesized with a signal peptide. It is a dimeric zinc-dependent exopeptidase, with two domains, a catalytic domain, which provides the ligands for the two zinc ions in the active site, and a dimerization domain. CPDG2 cleaves the C-terminal glutamate moiety from a wide range of N-acyl groups, including peptidyl, aminoacyl, benzoyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, folyl, and pteroyl groups to release benzoic acid, phenol, and aniline mustards. It is used clinically to treat methotrexate toxicity by hydrolyzing it to inactive and non-toxic metabolites. It is also proposed for use in antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy; for example, glutamate can be cleaved from glutamated benzoyl nitrogen mustards, producing nitrogen mustards with effective cytotoxicity against tumor cells.
Pssm-ID: 349881 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 362 Bit Score: 50.67 E-value: 7.47e-07
N-acyl-L-amino-acid amidohydrolase; This model represents a family of eukaryotic ...
119-292
1.26e-05
N-acyl-L-amino-acid amidohydrolase; This model represents a family of eukaryotic N-acyl-L-amino-acid amidohydrolases active on fatty acid and acetyl amides of L-amino acids.
Pssm-ID: 273850 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 400 Bit Score: 47.09 E-value: 1.26e-05
M20 Peptidase proteobacterial DapE encoded N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase; Peptidase M20 family, proteobacterial DapE encoded N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE; aspartyl dipeptidase; succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase) subfamily. DapE catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelate (L,L-SDAP) to L,L-diaminopimelate and succinate. It has been shown that DapE is essential for cell growth and proliferation. DapEs have been purified from Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae, while the genes that encode for DapEs have been sequenced from several bacterial sources such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Helicobacter pylori, Neisseria meningitidis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. DapE is a small, dimeric enzyme that requires two zinc atoms per molecule for full enzymatic activity. All of the amino acids that function as metal binding ligands are strictly conserved in DapE.
Pssm-ID: 349886 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 366 Bit Score: 43.65 E-value: 1.27e-04
M20 Peptidases with similarity to acetylornithine deacetylases and succinyl-diaminopimelate ...
24-295
4.08e-04
M20 Peptidases with similarity to acetylornithine deacetylases and succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylases; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized protein subfamily with similarity to acetylornithine deacetylase/succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase (ArgE/DapE) subfamily. ArgE/DapE enzymes catalyze analogous reactions and share a common activator, the metal ion (usually Co2+ or Zn2+). ArgE catalyzes a broad range of substrates, including N-acetylornithine, alpha-N-acetylmethionine and alpha-N-formylmethionine, while DapE catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelate (L,L-SDAP) to L,L-diaminopimelate and succinate. Proteins in this subfamily are mostly fungal, and have been inferred by similarity as being related to both ArgE and DapE.
Pssm-ID: 349903 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 340 Bit Score: 41.88 E-value: 4.08e-04
M20 Peptidase T like enzymes specifically cleave tripeptides; Peptidase M20 family, PeptT ...
33-322
1.67e-03
M20 Peptidase T like enzymes specifically cleave tripeptides; Peptidase M20 family, PeptT (tripeptide aminopeptidase; tripeptidase)-like subfamily. This group includes bacterial tripeptidases as well as predicted tripeptidases. Peptidase T acts only on tripeptide substrates, and is thus called a tripeptidase. It catalyzes the release of N-terminal amino acids with hydrophobic side chains from tripeptides with high specificity; dipeptides, tetrapeptides or tripeptides with the N-terminus blocked are not cleaved. Tripeptidases are known to function at the final stage of proteolysis in lactococcal bacteria and release amino acids from tripeptides produced during the digestion of milk proteins such as casein.
Pssm-ID: 349932 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 368 Bit Score: 40.13 E-value: 1.67e-03
M20 Zn-peptidases include exopeptidases; Peptidase M20 family; uncharacterized subfamily. ...
192-293
2.15e-03
M20 Zn-peptidases include exopeptidases; Peptidase M20 family; uncharacterized subfamily. These hypothetical proteins have been inferred by homology to be exopeptidases: carboxypeptidases, dipeptidases and a specialized aminopeptidase. In general, the peptidase hydrolyzes the late products of protein degradation in order to complete the conversion of proteins to free amino acids. Members of this subfamily may bind metal ions such as zinc.
Pssm-ID: 349869 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 394 Bit Score: 39.85 E-value: 2.15e-03
M20 Peptidase, carboxypeptidase yscS; Peptidase M20 family, yscS (GlyX-carboxypeptidase, CPS1, carboxypeptidase S, carboxypeptidase a, carboxypeptidase yscS, glycine carboxypeptidase)-like subfamily. This group mostly contains proteins that have been uncharacterized to date, but also includes vacuolar proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism which are essential for use of certain peptides that are sole nitrogen sources. YscS releases a C-terminal amino acid from a peptide that has glycine as the penultimate residue. It is synthesized as one polypeptide chain precursor which yields two active precursor molecules after carbohydrate modification in the secretory pathway. The proteolytically unprocessed forms are associated with the membrane, whereas the mature forms of the enzyme are soluble. Enzymes in this subfamily may also cleave intracellularly generated peptides in order to recycle amino acids for protein synthesis. Also included in this subfamily is peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), that is enriched in uncoupling protein 1, UCP1(+) versus UCP1(-) adipocytes is a bidirectional enzyme in vitro, catalyzing both the condensation of fatty acids and amino acids to generate N-acyl amino acids and also the reverse hydrolytic reaction; N-acyl amino acids directly bind mitochondria and function as endogenous uncouplers of UCP1-independent respiration. Mice studies show increased circulating PM20D1 augments respiration and increases N-acyl amino acids in blood, and administration of N-acyl amino acids improves glucose homeostasis and increases energy expenditure.
Pssm-ID: 349923 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 471 Bit Score: 39.55 E-value: 3.23e-03
M20 Peptidases with similarity to acetylornithine deacetylases and succinyl-diaminopimelate ...
17-302
5.09e-03
M20 Peptidases with similarity to acetylornithine deacetylases and succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylases; Peptidase M20 family, uncharacterized protein subfamily with similarity to acetylornithine deacetylase/succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase (ArgE/DapE) subfamily. ArgE/DapE enzymes catalyze analogous reactions and share a common activator, the metal ion (usually Co2+ or Zn2+). ArgE catalyzes a broad range of substrates, including N-acetylornithine, alpha-N-acetylmethionine and alpha-N-formylmethionine, while DapE catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelate (L,L-SDAP) to L,L-diaminopimelate and succinate. Proteins in this subfamily are mostly bacterial and archaeal, and have been inferred by homology as being related to both ArgE and DapE.
Pssm-ID: 349901 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 389 Bit Score: 38.59 E-value: 5.09e-03
M20 Peptidases, Poly(aspartic acid) hydrolase-like proteins; Peptidase M20 family, Poly(aspartic acid) hydrolase (PAA hydrolase)-like subfamily. PAA hydrolase enzymes are involved in alpha,beta-poly(D,L-aspartic acid) (tPAA) biodegradation. PAA is being extensively studied as a replacement for commercial polycarboxylate components since it can be degraded by enzymes from isolated tPAA degrading bacteria. Thus far, two types of PAA degrading bacteria (Sphingomonas sp. KT-1 and Pedobacter sp. KP-2) have been investigated in detail; the former can completely degrade tPAA of low-molecular weights below 5000, while the latter can degrade high molecular weight tPAA to release oligo(aspartic acid) (OAA) as a product, suggesting two kinds of PAA degrading enzymes. It has been shown that PAA hydrolase-1 from Sphingomonas sp. KT-1 hydrolyzes beta,beta-aspartic acid units in tPAA to produce OAA, and it is suggested that PAA hydrolase-2 hydrolyzes OAA to aspartic acid. Also included in this family is Bradyrhizobium 5-nitroanthranilic acid (5NAA)-aminohydrolase (5NAA-A), a biodegradation enzyme that converts 5NAA to 5-nitrosalicylic acid; 5NAA is a metabolite secreted by Streptomyces scabies, the bacterium responsible for potato scab, and metabolized by Bradyrhizobium species strain JS329.
Pssm-ID: 349891 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 357 Bit Score: 38.23 E-value: 6.16e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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