M1 family metallopeptidase is a zinc-dependent metallopeptidase that functions as an aminopeptidase and contains an HEXXH motif as part of its active site; such as aminopeptidase N, which is a type II integral membrane protease that preferentially cleaves neutral amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides
aminopeptidase N, Escherichia coli type; The M1 family of zinc metallopeptidases contains a ...
14-899
0e+00
aminopeptidase N, Escherichia coli type; The M1 family of zinc metallopeptidases contains a number of distinct, well-separated clades of proteins with aminopeptidase activity. Several are designated aminopeptidase N, EC 3.4.11.2, after the Escherichia coli enzyme, suggesting a similar activity profile (see SP|P04825 for a description of catalytic activity). This family consists of all aminopeptidases closely related to E. coli PepN and presumed to have similar (not identical) function. Nearly all are found in Proteobacteria, but members are found also in Cyanobacteria, plants, and apicomplexan parasites. This family differs greatly in sequence from the family of aminopeptidases typified by Streptomyces lividans PepN (TIGR02412), from the membrane bound aminopeptidase N family in animals, etc. [Protein fate, Degradation of proteins, peptides, and glycopeptides]
Pssm-ID: 274122 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 863 Bit Score: 1371.25 E-value: 0e+00
Peptidase M1 family, including aminopeptidase N catalytic domain; This model represents the ...
14-445
0e+00
Peptidase M1 family, including aminopeptidase N catalytic domain; This model represents the catalytic domain of aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13; alanyl aminopeptidase; EC 3.4.11.2), a type II integral membrane protease belonging to the M1 gluzincin family. It includes bacterial-type alanyl aminopeptidases as well as PfA-M1 aminopeptidase (Plasmodium falciparum-type). APN preferentially cleaves neutral amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides and, in higher eukaryotes, is present in a variety of human tissues and cell types (leukocyte, fibroblast, endothelial and epithelial cells). APN expression is dysregulated in inflammatory diseases such as chronic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis/dermatomyosytis and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and is enhanced in tumor cells such as melanoma, renal, prostate, pancreas, colon, gastric and thyroid cancers. It is predominantly expressed on stem cells and on cells of the granulocytic and monocytic lineages at distinct stages of differentiation, thus considered a marker of differentiation. Thus, APN inhibition may lead to the development of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. APNs are also present in many pathogenic bacteria and represent potential drug targets. Some APNs have been used commercially, such as one from Lactococcus lactis used in the food industry. APN also serves as a receptor for coronaviruses, although the virus receptor interaction site seems to be distinct from the enzymatic site and aminopeptidase activity is not necessary for viral infection. APNs have also been extensively studied as putative Cry toxin receptors. Cry1 proteins are pore-forming toxins that bind to the midgut epithelial cell membrane of susceptible insect larvae, causing extensive damage. Several different toxins, including Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry1Ca and Cry1Fa, have been shown to bind to APNs; however, a direct role of APN in cytotoxicity has been yet to be firmly established.
Pssm-ID: 341063 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 434 Bit Score: 857.97 E-value: 0e+00
Domain of unknown function (DUF3458_C) ARM repeats; This presumed domain is functionally ...
570-900
8.53e-176
Domain of unknown function (DUF3458_C) ARM repeats; This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterized. This domain is found in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.
Pssm-ID: 465424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 324 Bit Score: 511.29 E-value: 8.53e-176
aminopeptidase N, Escherichia coli type; The M1 family of zinc metallopeptidases contains a ...
14-899
0e+00
aminopeptidase N, Escherichia coli type; The M1 family of zinc metallopeptidases contains a number of distinct, well-separated clades of proteins with aminopeptidase activity. Several are designated aminopeptidase N, EC 3.4.11.2, after the Escherichia coli enzyme, suggesting a similar activity profile (see SP|P04825 for a description of catalytic activity). This family consists of all aminopeptidases closely related to E. coli PepN and presumed to have similar (not identical) function. Nearly all are found in Proteobacteria, but members are found also in Cyanobacteria, plants, and apicomplexan parasites. This family differs greatly in sequence from the family of aminopeptidases typified by Streptomyces lividans PepN (TIGR02412), from the membrane bound aminopeptidase N family in animals, etc. [Protein fate, Degradation of proteins, peptides, and glycopeptides]
Pssm-ID: 274122 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 863 Bit Score: 1371.25 E-value: 0e+00
Peptidase M1 family, including aminopeptidase N catalytic domain; This model represents the ...
14-445
0e+00
Peptidase M1 family, including aminopeptidase N catalytic domain; This model represents the catalytic domain of aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13; alanyl aminopeptidase; EC 3.4.11.2), a type II integral membrane protease belonging to the M1 gluzincin family. It includes bacterial-type alanyl aminopeptidases as well as PfA-M1 aminopeptidase (Plasmodium falciparum-type). APN preferentially cleaves neutral amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides and, in higher eukaryotes, is present in a variety of human tissues and cell types (leukocyte, fibroblast, endothelial and epithelial cells). APN expression is dysregulated in inflammatory diseases such as chronic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis/dermatomyosytis and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and is enhanced in tumor cells such as melanoma, renal, prostate, pancreas, colon, gastric and thyroid cancers. It is predominantly expressed on stem cells and on cells of the granulocytic and monocytic lineages at distinct stages of differentiation, thus considered a marker of differentiation. Thus, APN inhibition may lead to the development of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. APNs are also present in many pathogenic bacteria and represent potential drug targets. Some APNs have been used commercially, such as one from Lactococcus lactis used in the food industry. APN also serves as a receptor for coronaviruses, although the virus receptor interaction site seems to be distinct from the enzymatic site and aminopeptidase activity is not necessary for viral infection. APNs have also been extensively studied as putative Cry toxin receptors. Cry1 proteins are pore-forming toxins that bind to the midgut epithelial cell membrane of susceptible insect larvae, causing extensive damage. Several different toxins, including Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry1Ca and Cry1Fa, have been shown to bind to APNs; however, a direct role of APN in cytotoxicity has been yet to be firmly established.
Pssm-ID: 341063 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 434 Bit Score: 857.97 E-value: 0e+00
Domain of unknown function (DUF3458_C) ARM repeats; This presumed domain is functionally ...
570-900
8.53e-176
Domain of unknown function (DUF3458_C) ARM repeats; This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterized. This domain is found in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.
Pssm-ID: 465424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 324 Bit Score: 511.29 E-value: 8.53e-176
Peptidase M1 family includes the catalytic domains of aminopeptidase N and leukotriene A4 ...
23-431
3.34e-123
Peptidase M1 family includes the catalytic domains of aminopeptidase N and leukotriene A4 hydrolase; The model represents the catalytic domains of M1 peptidase family members including aminopeptidase N (APN) and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). All peptidases in this family bind a single catalytic zinc ion which is tetrahedrally co-ordinated by three amino acid ligands and a water molecule that forms the nucleophile upon activation during catalysis. APN preferentially cleaves neutral amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides and is present in a variety of human tissues and cell types. APN expression is dysregulated in many inflammatory diseases and is enhanced in numerous tumor cells, making it a lead target in the development of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. LTA4H is a bifunctional enzyme, possessing an aminopeptidase as well as an epoxide hydrolase activity. The two activities occupy different, but overlapping sites. The activity and physiological relevance of the aminopeptidase in LTA4H is as yet unknown, while the epoxide hydrolase converts leukotriene A4 (LTA4) into leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a potent chemotaxin that is fundamental to the inflammatory response of mammals.
Pssm-ID: 341058 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 413 Bit Score: 379.10 E-value: 3.34e-123
Peptidase family M1 domain; Members of this family are aminopeptidases. The members differ ...
226-440
4.95e-57
Peptidase family M1 domain; Members of this family are aminopeptidases. The members differ widely in specificity, hydrolysing acidic, basic or neutral N-terminal residues. This family includes leukotriene-A4 hydrolase, this enzyme also has an aminopeptidase activity.
Pssm-ID: 426262 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 219 Bit Score: 195.20 E-value: 4.95e-57
Peptidase M1 aminopeptidase N catalytic domain family which includes aminopeptidase N (APN), ...
103-438
6.74e-44
Peptidase M1 aminopeptidase N catalytic domain family which includes aminopeptidase N (APN), aminopeptidase Q (APQ), tricorn interacting factor F3, and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1); This M1 peptidase family includes eukaryotic and bacterial members: the catalytic domains of aminopeptidase N (APN), aminopeptidase Q (APQ, laeverin), endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) as well as tricorn interacting factor F3. Aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13; alanyl aminopeptidase; EC 3.4.11.2), a type II integral membrane protease, preferentially cleaves neutral amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides and is present in a variety of human tissues and cell types (leukocyte, fibroblast, endothelial and epithelial cells). APN expression is dysregulated in inflammatory diseases such as chronic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis/dermatomyosytis and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and is enhanced in tumor cells such as melanoma, renal, prostate, pancreas, colon, gastric and thyroid cancers. It is considered a marker of differentiation since it is predominantly expressed on stem cells and on cells of the granulocytic and monocytic lineages at distinct stages of differentiation. Thus, APN inhibition may lead to the development of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. ERAP1, also known as endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing (ERAAP), adipocyte derived leucine aminopeptidase (A-LAP), or aminopeptidase regulating tumor necrosis factor receptor I (THFRI) shedding (ARTS-1), associates with the closely related ER aminopeptidase ERAP2, for the final trimming of peptides within the ER for presentation by MHC class I molecules. ERAP1 is associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), an inflammatory arthritis that predominantly affects the spine. ERAP1 also aids in the shedding of membrane-bound cytokine receptors. The tricorn interacting factor F3, together with factors F1 and F2, degrades the tricorn protease products, producing free amino acids, thus completing the proteasomal degradation pathway. F3 is homologous to F2, but not F1, and shows a strong preference for glutamate in the P1' position. APQ, also known as laeverin, is specifically expressed in human embryo-derived extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) that invade the uterus during early placentation. It cleaves the N-terminal amino acid of various peptides such as angiotensin III, endokinin C, and kisspeptin-10, all expressed in the placenta in large quantities. APN is a receptor for coronaviruses, although the virus receptor interaction site seems to be distinct from the enzymatic site and aminopeptidase activity is not necessary for viral infection. APNs are also putative Cry toxin receptors. Cry1 proteins are pore-forming toxins that bind to the midgut epithelial cell membrane of susceptible insect larvae, causing extensive damage. Several different toxins, including Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry1Ca and Cry1Fa, have been shown to bind to APNs; however, a direct role of APN in cytotoxicity has been yet to be firmly established.
Pssm-ID: 341064 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 442 Bit Score: 165.45 E-value: 6.74e-44
Peptidase M1 family similar to aminopeptidase N catalytic domain; This family contains mostly ...
20-440
4.32e-43
Peptidase M1 family similar to aminopeptidase N catalytic domain; This family contains mostly bacterial and some archaeal M1 peptidases with smilarity to the catalytic domain of aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13; alanyl aminopeptidase; EC 3.4.11.2), a type II integral membrane protease belonging to the M1 gluzincin family. APN preferentially cleaves neutral amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides and, in higher eukaryotes, is present in a variety of human tissues and cell types (leukocyte, fibroblast, endothelial and epithelial cells). APN expression is dysregulated in inflammatory diseases such as chronic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis/dermatomyosytis and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and is enhanced in tumor cells such as melanoma, renal, prostate, pancreas, colon, gastric and thyroid cancers. It is predominantly expressed on stem cells and on cells of the granulocytic and monocytic lineages at distinct stages of differentiation, thus considered a marker of differentiation. Thus, APN inhibition may lead to the development of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. APNs are also present in many pathogenic bacteria and represent potential drug targets. Some APNs have been used commercially, such as one from Lactococcus lactis used in the food industry. APN also serves as a receptor for coronaviruses, although the virus receptor interaction site seems to be distinct from the enzymatic site and aminopeptidase activity is not necessary for viral infection. APNs have also been extensively studied as putative Cry toxin receptors. Cry1 proteins are pore-forming toxins that bind to the midgut epithelial cell membrane of susceptible insect larvae, causing extensive damage. Several different toxins, including Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry1Ca and Cry1Fa, have been shown to bind to APNs; however, a direct role of APN in cytotoxicity has been yet to be firmly established.
Pssm-ID: 341066 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 410 Bit Score: 161.98 E-value: 4.32e-43
Peptidase M1 family including aminopeptidase N catalytic domain; This model represents the ...
24-437
4.60e-40
Peptidase M1 family including aminopeptidase N catalytic domain; This model represents the catalytic domain of bacterial and eukaryotic aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13; alanyl aminopeptidase; EC 3.4.11.2), a type II integral membrane protease belonging to the M1 gluzincin family. APN preferentially cleaves neutral amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides and, in higher eukaryotes, is present in a variety of human tissues and cell types (leukocyte, fibroblast, endothelial and epithelial cells). APN expression is dysregulated in inflammatory diseases such as chronic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis/dermatomyosytis and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and is enhanced in tumor cells such as melanoma, renal, prostate, pancreas, colon, gastric and thyroid cancers. It is predominantly expressed on stem cells and on cells of the granulocytic and monocytic lineages at distinct stages of differentiation, thus considered a marker of differentiation. Thus, APN inhibition may lead to the development of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. APNs are also present in many pathogenic bacteria and represent potential drug targets. Some APNs have been used commercially, such as one from Lactococcus lactis used in the food industry. APN also serves as a receptor for coronaviruses, although the virus receptor interaction site seems to be distinct from the enzymatic site and aminopeptidase activity is not necessary for viral infection. APNs have also been extensively studied as putative Cry toxin receptors. Cry1 proteins are pore-forming toxins that bind to the midgut epithelial cell membrane of susceptible insect larvae, causing extensive damage. Several different toxins, including Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry1Ca and Cry1Fa, have been shown to bind to APNs; however, a direct role of APN in cytotoxicity has been yet to be firmly established.
Pssm-ID: 341065 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 440 Bit Score: 153.82 E-value: 4.60e-40
Domain of unknown function (DUF3458) Ig-like fold; This presumed domain is functionally ...
448-567
6.53e-36
Domain of unknown function (DUF3458) Ig-like fold; This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterized. This domain is found in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The domain has an Ig-like fold. This domain is found associated with pfam01433.
Pssm-ID: 463405 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 95 Bit Score: 130.71 E-value: 6.53e-36
leukotriene A-4 hydrolase/aminopeptidase; Members of this family represent a distinctive ...
16-431
4.92e-19
leukotriene A-4 hydrolase/aminopeptidase; Members of this family represent a distinctive subset within the zinc metallopeptidase family M1 (pfam01433). The majority of the members of pfam01433 are aminopeptidases, but the sequences in this family for which the function is known are leukotriene A-4 hydrolase. A dual epoxide hydrolase and aminopeptidase activity at the same active site is indicated. The physiological substrate for aminopeptidase activity is not known.
Pssm-ID: 274120 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 602 Bit Score: 92.15 E-value: 4.92e-19
Peptidase M1 family including Leukotriene A4 hydrolase catalytic domain; This model represents ...
17-427
6.31e-18
Peptidase M1 family including Leukotriene A4 hydrolase catalytic domain; This model represents the N-terminal catalytic domain of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H; E.C. 3.3.2.6) and the close homolog cold-active aminopeptidase (Colwellia psychrerythraea-type peptidase; ColAP), both members of the aminopeptidase M1 family. LTA4H is a bifunctional enzyme, possessing an aminopeptidase as well as an epoxide hydrolase activity. The two activities occupy different, but overlapping sites. The activity and physiological relevance of the aminopeptidase is poorly understood while the epoxide hydrolase converts leukotriene A4 (LTA4) into leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a potent chemotaxin that is fundamental to the inflammatory response of mammals. It accepts a variety of substrates, including some opioid, di- and tripeptides, as well as chromogenic aminoacyl-p-nitroanilide derivatives. The aminopeptidase activity of LTA4H is possibly involved in the processing of peptides related to inflammation and host defense. Kinetic analysis shows that LTA4H hydrolyzes arginyl tripeptides with high efficiency and specificity, indicating its function as an arginyl aminopeptidase. Thermodynamic characterization using different biophysical methods shows that structurally distinct inhibitors of the LTA4H occupy different regions of the binding site; while some (RB202, ARM1 and SC57461A) bind to the hydrophobic hydrolase side, both bestatin and captopril are located at the hydrophilic peptidase side. LTB4H overexpression is associated with different pathological conditions and diseases such as cystic fibrosis, coronary heart disease, sepsis, shock, connective tissue disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is also overexpressed in certain human cancers, and has been identified as a functionally important target for mediating anticancer properties of resveratrol, a well-known red wine polyphenolic compound with cancer chemopreventive activity.
Pssm-ID: 341062 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 442 Bit Score: 87.51 E-value: 6.31e-18
Peptidase M1 family similar to aminopeptidase N catalytic domain; This family contains ...
26-440
1.21e-14
Peptidase M1 family similar to aminopeptidase N catalytic domain; This family contains bacterial M1 peptidases with smilarity to the catalytic domain of aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13; alanyl aminopeptidase; EC 3.4.11.2), a type II integral membrane protease belonging to the M1 gluzincin family. APN preferentially cleaves neutral amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides and, in higher eukaryotes, is present in a variety of human tissues and cell types (leukocyte, fibroblast, endothelial and epithelial cells). APN expression is dysregulated in inflammatory diseases such as chronic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis/dermatomyosytis and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and is enhanced in tumor cells such as melanoma, renal, prostate, pancreas, colon, gastric and thyroid cancers. It is predominantly expressed on stem cells and on cells of the granulocytic and monocytic lineages at distinct stages of differentiation, thus considered a marker of differentiation. Thus, APN inhibition may lead to the development of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. APNs are also present in many pathogenic bacteria and represent potential drug targets. Some APNs have been used commercially, such as one from Lactococcus lactis used in the food industry. APN also serves as a receptor for coronaviruses, although the virus receptor interaction site seems to be distinct from the enzymatic site and aminopeptidase activity is not necessary for viral infection. APNs have also been extensively studied as putative Cry toxin receptors. Cry1 proteins are pore-forming toxins that bind to the midgut epithelial cell membrane of susceptible insect larvae, causing extensive damage. Several different toxins, including Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry1Ca and Cry1Fa, have been shown to bind to APNs; however, a direct role of APN in cytotoxicity has been yet to be firmly established.
Pssm-ID: 341067 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 440 Bit Score: 77.32 E-value: 1.21e-14
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
of the residues that compose this conserved feature have been mapped to the query sequence.
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