maleylacetoacetate isomerase [Pseudoalteromonas sp.]
Protein Classification
maleylacetoacetate isomerase( domain architecture ID 11492162)
maleylacetoacetate isomerase is a bifunctional enzyme that shows maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity using glutathione as a cofactor and minimal glutathione-conjugating activity
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||
| maiA | TIGR01262 | maleylacetoacetate isomerase; Maleylacetoacetate isomerase is an enzyme of tyrosine and ... |
2-208 | 4.39e-104 | ||||
maleylacetoacetate isomerase; Maleylacetoacetate isomerase is an enzyme of tyrosine and phenylalanine catabolism. It requires glutathione and belongs by homology to the zeta family of glutathione S-transferases. The enzyme (EC 5.2.1.2) is described as active also on maleylpyruvate, and the example from a Ralstonia sp. catabolic plasmid is described as a maleylpyruvate isomerase involved in gentisate catabolism. [Energy metabolism, Amino acids and amines] : Pssm-ID: 273527 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 210 Bit Score: 298.47 E-value: 4.39e-104
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||
| maiA | TIGR01262 | maleylacetoacetate isomerase; Maleylacetoacetate isomerase is an enzyme of tyrosine and ... |
2-208 | 4.39e-104 | ||||
maleylacetoacetate isomerase; Maleylacetoacetate isomerase is an enzyme of tyrosine and phenylalanine catabolism. It requires glutathione and belongs by homology to the zeta family of glutathione S-transferases. The enzyme (EC 5.2.1.2) is described as active also on maleylpyruvate, and the example from a Ralstonia sp. catabolic plasmid is described as a maleylpyruvate isomerase involved in gentisate catabolism. [Energy metabolism, Amino acids and amines] Pssm-ID: 273527 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 210 Bit Score: 298.47 E-value: 4.39e-104
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| GST_C_Zeta | cd03191 | C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Zeta Glutathione S-transferases; Glutathione ... |
86-205 | 2.81e-66 | ||||
C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Zeta Glutathione S-transferases; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Class Zeta subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins, and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain. Class Zeta GSTs, also known as maleylacetoacetate (MAA) isomerases, catalyze the isomerization of MAA to fumarylacetoacetate, the penultimate step in tyrosine/phenylalanine catabolism, using GSH as a cofactor. They show little GSH-conjugating activity towards traditional GST substrates, but display modest GSH peroxidase activity. They are also implicated in the detoxification of the carcinogen dichloroacetic acid by catalyzing its dechlorination to glyoxylic acid. Pssm-ID: 198300 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 121 Bit Score: 199.73 E-value: 2.81e-66
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| GstA | COG0625 | Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]; |
1-207 | 6.04e-61 | ||||
Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]; Pssm-ID: 440390 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 205 Bit Score: 188.95 E-value: 6.04e-61
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| GST_N_3 | pfam13417 | Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain; |
3-80 | 3.65e-16 | ||||
Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain; Pssm-ID: 433190 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 75 Bit Score: 69.95 E-value: 3.65e-16
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| PRK15113 | PRK15113 | glutathione transferase; |
1-80 | 9.98e-09 | ||||
glutathione transferase; Pssm-ID: 185068 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 214 Bit Score: 53.04 E-value: 9.98e-09
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||
| maiA | TIGR01262 | maleylacetoacetate isomerase; Maleylacetoacetate isomerase is an enzyme of tyrosine and ... |
2-208 | 4.39e-104 | ||||
maleylacetoacetate isomerase; Maleylacetoacetate isomerase is an enzyme of tyrosine and phenylalanine catabolism. It requires glutathione and belongs by homology to the zeta family of glutathione S-transferases. The enzyme (EC 5.2.1.2) is described as active also on maleylpyruvate, and the example from a Ralstonia sp. catabolic plasmid is described as a maleylpyruvate isomerase involved in gentisate catabolism. [Energy metabolism, Amino acids and amines] Pssm-ID: 273527 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 210 Bit Score: 298.47 E-value: 4.39e-104
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| GST_C_Zeta | cd03191 | C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Zeta Glutathione S-transferases; Glutathione ... |
86-205 | 2.81e-66 | ||||
C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Zeta Glutathione S-transferases; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Class Zeta subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins, and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain. Class Zeta GSTs, also known as maleylacetoacetate (MAA) isomerases, catalyze the isomerization of MAA to fumarylacetoacetate, the penultimate step in tyrosine/phenylalanine catabolism, using GSH as a cofactor. They show little GSH-conjugating activity towards traditional GST substrates, but display modest GSH peroxidase activity. They are also implicated in the detoxification of the carcinogen dichloroacetic acid by catalyzing its dechlorination to glyoxylic acid. Pssm-ID: 198300 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 121 Bit Score: 199.73 E-value: 2.81e-66
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| GstA | COG0625 | Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]; |
1-207 | 6.04e-61 | ||||
Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]; Pssm-ID: 440390 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 205 Bit Score: 188.95 E-value: 6.04e-61
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| GST_N_Zeta | cd03042 | GST_N family, Class Zeta subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular ... |
1-73 | 7.80e-38 | ||||
GST_N family, Class Zeta subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Class Zeta GSTs, also known as maleylacetoacetate (MAA) isomerases, catalyze the isomerization of MAA to fumarylacetoacetate, the penultimate step in tyrosine/phenylalanine catabolism, using GSH as a cofactor. They show little GSH-conjugating activity towards traditional GST substrates but display modest GSH peroxidase activity. They are also implicated in the detoxification of the carcinogen dichloroacetic acid by catalyzing its dechlorination to glyoxylic acid. Pssm-ID: 239340 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 73 Bit Score: 125.76 E-value: 7.80e-38
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| GST_N_family | cd00570 | Glutathione S-transferase (GST) family, N-terminal domain; a large, diverse group of cytosolic ... |
1-73 | 4.81e-21 | ||||
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) family, N-terminal domain; a large, diverse group of cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. In addition, GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This family, also referred to as soluble GSTs, is the largest family of GSH transferases and is only distantly related to the mitochondrial GSTs (GSTK subfamily, a member of the DsbA family). Soluble GSTs bear no structural similarity to microsomal GSTs (MAPEG family) and display additional activities unique to their group, such as catalyzing thiolysis, reduction and isomerization of certain compounds. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Based on sequence similarity, different classes of GSTs have been identified, which display varying tissue distribution, substrate specificities and additional specific activities. In humans, GSTs display polymorphisms which may influence individual susceptibility to diseases such as cancer, arthritis, allergy and sclerosis. Some GST family members with non-GST functions include glutaredoxin 2, the CLIC subfamily of anion channels, prion protein Ure2p, crystallins, metaxin 2 and stringent starvation protein A. Pssm-ID: 238319 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 71 Bit Score: 82.62 E-value: 4.81e-21
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| GST_N_4 | cd03056 | GST_N family, unknown subfamily 4; composed of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with ... |
1-72 | 3.11e-18 | ||||
GST_N family, unknown subfamily 4; composed of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to GSTs. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Pssm-ID: 239354 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 73 Bit Score: 75.30 E-value: 3.11e-18
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| GST_N_GTT2_like | cd03051 | GST_N family, Saccharomyces cerevisiae GTT2-like subfamily; composed of predominantly ... |
1-73 | 7.81e-18 | ||||
GST_N family, Saccharomyces cerevisiae GTT2-like subfamily; composed of predominantly uncharacterized proteins with similarity to the S. cerevisiae GST protein, GTT2. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GTT2, a homodimer, exhibits GST activity with standard substrates. Strains with deleted GTT2 genes are viable but exhibit increased sensitivity to heat shock. Pssm-ID: 239349 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 74 Bit Score: 74.26 E-value: 7.81e-18
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| GST_N_Beta | cd03057 | GST_N family, Class Beta subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular ... |
1-77 | 4.75e-17 | ||||
GST_N family, Class Beta subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Unlike mammalian GSTs which detoxify a broad range of compounds, the bacterial class Beta GSTs exhibit limited GSH conjugating activity with a narrow range of substrates. In addition to GSH conjugation, they also bind antibiotics and reduce the antimicrobial activity of beta-lactam drugs. The structure of the Proteus mirabilis enzyme reveals that the cysteine in the active site forms a covalent bond with GSH. Pssm-ID: 239355 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 77 Bit Score: 72.57 E-value: 4.75e-17
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| GST_N_3 | pfam13417 | Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain; |
3-80 | 3.65e-16 | ||||
Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain; Pssm-ID: 433190 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 75 Bit Score: 69.95 E-value: 3.65e-16
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| GST_N_2 | pfam13409 | Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain; This family is closely related to pfam02798. |
9-75 | 3.99e-15 | ||||
Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain; This family is closely related to pfam02798. Pssm-ID: 433184 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 68 Bit Score: 67.27 E-value: 3.99e-15
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| GST_N_Phi | cd03053 | GST_N family, Class Phi subfamily; composed of plant-specific class Phi GSTs and related ... |
1-74 | 4.46e-13 | ||||
GST_N family, Class Phi subfamily; composed of plant-specific class Phi GSTs and related fungal and bacterial proteins. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. The class Phi GST subfamily has experience extensive gene duplication. The Arabidopsis and Oryza genomes contain 13 and 16 Phi GSTs, respectively. They are primarily responsible for herbicide detoxification together with class Tau GSTs, showing class specificity in substrate preference. Phi enzymes are highly reactive toward chloroacetanilide and thiocarbamate herbicides. Some Phi GSTs have other functions including transport of flavonoid pigments to the vacuole, shoot regeneration and GSH peroxidase activity. Pssm-ID: 239351 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 76 Bit Score: 61.90 E-value: 4.46e-13
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| GST_N | pfam02798 | Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain; Function: conjugation of reduced glutathione to ... |
1-74 | 4.67e-13 | ||||
Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain; Function: conjugation of reduced glutathione to a variety of targets. Also included in the alignment, but not GSTs: S-crystallins from squid (similarity to GST previously noted); eukaryotic elongation factors 1-gamma (not known to have GST activity and similarity not previously recognized); HSP26 family of stress-related proteins including auxin-regulated proteins in plants and stringent starvation proteins in E. coli (not known to have GST activity and similarity not previously recognized). The glutathione molecule binds in a cleft between the N- and C-terminal domains - the catalytically important residues are proposed to reside in the N-terminal domain. Pssm-ID: 460698 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 76 Bit Score: 61.94 E-value: 4.67e-13
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| GST_N_GTT1_like | cd03046 | GST_N family, Saccharomyces cerevisiae GTT1-like subfamily; composed of predominantly ... |
1-77 | 2.07e-11 | ||||
GST_N family, Saccharomyces cerevisiae GTT1-like subfamily; composed of predominantly uncharacterized proteins with similarity to the S. cerevisiae GST protein, GTT1, and the Schizosaccharomyces pombe GST-III. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GTT1, a homodimer, exhibits GST activity with standard substrates and associates with the endoplasmic reticulum. Its expression is induced after diauxic shift and remains high throughout the stationary phase. S. pombe GST-III is implicated in the detoxification of various metals. Pssm-ID: 239344 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 76 Bit Score: 57.51 E-value: 2.07e-11
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| GST_N_Delta_Epsilon | cd03045 | GST_N family, Class Delta and Epsilon subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved ... |
1-72 | 1.68e-09 | ||||
GST_N family, Class Delta and Epsilon subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. The class Delta and Epsilon subfamily is made up primarily of insect GSTs, which play major roles in insecticide resistance by facilitating reductive dehydrochlorination of insecticides or conjugating them with GSH to produce water-soluble metabolites that are easily excreted. They are also implicated in protection against cellular damage by oxidative stress. Pssm-ID: 239343 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 74 Bit Score: 52.22 E-value: 1.68e-09
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| PRK15113 | PRK15113 | glutathione transferase; |
1-80 | 9.98e-09 | ||||
glutathione transferase; Pssm-ID: 185068 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 214 Bit Score: 53.04 E-value: 9.98e-09
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| PRK10542 | PRK10542 | glutathionine S-transferase; Provisional |
1-104 | 1.33e-08 | ||||
glutathionine S-transferase; Provisional Pssm-ID: 182533 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 201 Bit Score: 52.76 E-value: 1.33e-08
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| GST_N_Ure2p_like | cd03048 | GST_N family, Ure2p-like subfamily; composed of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ure2p and related ... |
2-78 | 1.59e-08 | ||||
GST_N family, Ure2p-like subfamily; composed of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ure2p and related GSTs. Ure2p is a regulator for nitrogen catabolism in yeast. It represses the expression of several gene products involved in the use of poor nitrogen sources when rich sources are available. A transmissible conformational change of Ure2p results in a prion called [Ure3], an inactive, self-propagating and infectious amyloid. Ure2p displays a GST fold containing an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. The N-terminal TRX-fold domain is sufficient to induce the [Ure3] phenotype and is also called the prion domain of Ure2p. In addition to its role in nitrogen regulation, Ure2p confers protection to cells against heavy metal ion and oxidant toxicity, and shows glutathione (GSH) peroxidase activity. Characterized GSTs in this subfamily include Aspergillus fumigatus GSTs 1 and 2, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe GST-I. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Pssm-ID: 239346 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 81 Bit Score: 49.85 E-value: 1.59e-08
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| GST_N_Theta | cd03050 | GST_N family, Class Theta subfamily; composed of eukaryotic class Theta GSTs and bacterial ... |
2-76 | 1.66e-08 | ||||
GST_N family, Class Theta subfamily; composed of eukaryotic class Theta GSTs and bacterial dichloromethane (DCM) dehalogenase. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Mammalian class Theta GSTs show poor GSH conjugating activity towards the standard substrates, CDNB and ethacrynic acid, differentiating them from other mammalian GSTs. GSTT1-1 shows similar cataytic activity as bacterial DCM dehalogenase, catalyzing the GSH-dependent hydrolytic dehalogenation of dihalomethanes. This is an essential process in methylotrophic bacteria to enable them to use chloromethane and DCM as sole carbon and energy sources. The presence of polymorphisms in human GSTT1-1 and its relationship to the onset of diseases including cancer is subject of many studies. Human GSTT2-2 exhibits a highly specific sulfatase activity, catalyzing the cleavage of sulfate ions from aralkyl sufate esters, but not from aryl or alkyl sulfate esters. Pssm-ID: 239348 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 76 Bit Score: 49.93 E-value: 1.66e-08
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| GST_N_Omega | cd03055 | GST_N family, Class Omega subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular ... |
2-73 | 3.36e-08 | ||||
GST_N family, Class Omega subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Class Omega GSTs show little or no GSH-conjugating activity towards standard GST substrates. Instead, they catalyze the GSH dependent reduction of protein disulfides, dehydroascorbate and monomethylarsonate, activities which are more characteristic of glutaredoxins. They contain a conserved cysteine equivalent to the first cysteine in the CXXC motif of glutaredoxins, which is a redox active residue capable of reducing GSH mixed disulfides in a monothiol mechanism. Polymorphisms of the class Omega GST genes may be associated with the development of some types of cancer and the age-at-onset of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Pssm-ID: 239353 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 89 Bit Score: 49.27 E-value: 3.36e-08
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| GST_C_Delta_Epsilon | cd03177 | C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Delta and Epsilon Glutathione S-transferases; ... |
121-200 | 3.41e-08 | ||||
C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Delta and Epsilon Glutathione S-transferases; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Class Delta and Epsilon subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain. The class Delta and Epsilon subfamily is made up primarily of insect GSTs, which play major roles in insecticide resistance by facilitating reductive dehydrochlorination of insecticides or conjugating them with GSH to produce water-soluble metabolites that are easily excreted. They are also implicated in protection against cellular damage by oxidative stress. Pssm-ID: 198287 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 117 Bit Score: 49.84 E-value: 3.41e-08
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| GST_N_Tau | cd03058 | GST_N family, Class Tau subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular ... |
1-76 | 4.57e-08 | ||||
GST_N family, Class Tau subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. The plant-specific class Tau GST subfamily has undergone extensive gene duplication. The Arabidopsis and Oryza genomes contain 28 and 40 Tau GSTs, respectively. They are primarily responsible for herbicide detoxification together with class Phi GSTs, showing class specificity in substrate preference. Tau enzymes are highly efficient in detoxifying diphenylether and aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. In addition, Tau GSTs play important roles in intracellular signalling, biosynthesis of anthocyanin, responses to soil stresses and responses to auxin and cytokinin hormones. Pssm-ID: 239356 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 74 Bit Score: 48.43 E-value: 4.57e-08
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| PLN02395 | PLN02395 | glutathione S-transferase |
10-166 | 1.27e-06 | ||||
glutathione S-transferase Pssm-ID: 166036 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 215 Bit Score: 47.17 E-value: 1.27e-06
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| GST_C_family | cd00299 | C-terminal, alpha helical domain of the Glutathione S-transferase family; Glutathione ... |
109-191 | 2.44e-06 | ||||
C-terminal, alpha helical domain of the Glutathione S-transferase family; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) family, C-terminal alpha helical domain; a large, diverse group of cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. In addition, GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This family, also referred to as soluble GSTs, is the largest family of GSH transferases and is only distantly related to the mitochondrial GSTs (GSTK). Soluble GSTs bear no structural similarity to microsomal GSTs (MAPEG family) and display additional activities unique to their group, such as catalyzing thiolysis, reduction and isomerization of certain compounds. The GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain. Based on sequence similarity, different classes of GSTs have been identified, which display varying tissue distribution, substrate specificities and additional specific activities. In humans, GSTs display polymorphisms which may influence individual susceptibility to diseases such as cancer, arthritis, allergy and sclerosis. Some GST family members with non-GST functions include glutaredoxin 2, the CLIC subfamily of anion channels, prion protein Ure2p, crystallins, metaxins, stringent starvation protein A, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Pssm-ID: 198286 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 100 Bit Score: 44.41 E-value: 2.44e-06
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| GST_N_SspA | cd03059 | GST_N family, Stringent starvation protein A (SspA) subfamily; SspA is a RNA polymerase (RNAP) ... |
1-76 | 3.15e-06 | ||||
GST_N family, Stringent starvation protein A (SspA) subfamily; SspA is a RNA polymerase (RNAP)-associated protein required for the lytic development of phage P1 and for stationary phase-induced acid tolerance of E. coli. It is implicated in survival during nutrient starvation. SspA adopts the GST fold with an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, but it does not bind glutathione (GSH) and lacks GST activity. SspA is highly conserved among gram-negative bacteria. Related proteins found in Neisseria (called RegF), Francisella and Vibrio regulate the expression of virulence factors necessary for pathogenesis. Pssm-ID: 239357 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 73 Bit Score: 43.47 E-value: 3.15e-06
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| PLN02378 | PLN02378 | glutathione S-transferase DHAR1 |
14-83 | 9.65e-06 | ||||
glutathione S-transferase DHAR1 Pssm-ID: 166019 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 213 Bit Score: 44.70 E-value: 9.65e-06
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| GST_N_etherase_LigE | cd03038 | GST_N family, Beta etherase LigE subfamily; composed of proteins similar to Sphingomonas ... |
13-77 | 4.14e-05 | ||||
GST_N family, Beta etherase LigE subfamily; composed of proteins similar to Sphingomonas paucimobilis beta etherase, LigE, a GST-like protein that catalyzes the cleavage of the beta-aryl ether linkages present in low-moleculer weight lignins using GSH as the hydrogen donor. This reaction is an essential step in the degradation of lignin, a complex phenolic polymer that is the most abundant aromatic material in the biosphere. The beta etherase activity of LigE is enantioselective and it complements the activity of the other GST family beta etherase, LigF. Pssm-ID: 239336 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 84 Bit Score: 40.79 E-value: 4.14e-05
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| sspA | PRK09481 | stringent starvation protein A; Provisional |
1-82 | 9.86e-05 | ||||
stringent starvation protein A; Provisional Pssm-ID: 236537 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 211 Bit Score: 41.62 E-value: 9.86e-05
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| GST_N_Omega_like | cd03060 | GST_N family, Omega-like subfamily; composed of uncharacterized proteins with similarity to ... |
3-71 | 1.21e-04 | ||||
GST_N family, Omega-like subfamily; composed of uncharacterized proteins with similarity to class Omega GSTs. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Class Omega GSTs show little or no GSH-conjugating activity towards standard GST substrates. Instead, they catalyze the GSH dependent reduction of protein disulfides, dehydroascorbate and monomethylarsonate, activities which are more characteristic of glutaredoxins. Like Omega enzymes, proteins in this subfamily contain a conserved cysteine equivalent to the first cysteine in the CXXC motif of glutaredoxins, which is a redox active residue capable of reducing GSH mixed disulfides in a monothiol mechanism. Pssm-ID: 239358 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 71 Bit Score: 39.26 E-value: 1.21e-04
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| GST_N_3 | cd03049 | GST_N family, unknown subfamily 3; composed of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with ... |
1-73 | 2.64e-04 | ||||
GST_N family, unknown subfamily 3; composed of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to GSTs. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Pssm-ID: 239347 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 73 Bit Score: 38.01 E-value: 2.64e-04
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| GST_N_EF1Bgamma | cd03044 | GST_N family, Gamma subunit of Elongation Factor 1B (EFB1gamma) subfamily; EF1Bgamma is part ... |
2-72 | 2.77e-04 | ||||
GST_N family, Gamma subunit of Elongation Factor 1B (EFB1gamma) subfamily; EF1Bgamma is part of the eukaryotic translation elongation factor-1 (EF1) complex which plays a central role in the elongation cycle during protein biosynthesis. EF1 consists of two functionally distinct units, EF1A and EF1B. EF1A catalyzes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A site concomitant with the hydrolysis of GTP. The resulting inactive EF1A:GDP complex is recycled to the active GTP form by the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor EF1B, a complex composed of at least two subunits, alpha and gamma. Metazoan EFB1 contain a third subunit, beta. The EF1B gamma subunit contains a GST fold consisting of an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain. The GST-like domain of EF1Bgamma is believed to mediate the dimerization of the EF1 complex, which in yeast is a dimer of the heterotrimer EF1A:EF1Balpha:EF1Bgamma. In addition to its role in protein biosynthesis, EF1Bgamma may also display other functions. The recombinant rice protein has been shown to possess GSH conjugating activity. The yeast EF1Bgamma binds membranes in a calcium dependent manner and is also part of a complex that binds to the msrA (methionine sulfoxide reductase) promoter suggesting a function in the regulation of its gene expression. Pssm-ID: 239342 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 75 Bit Score: 38.00 E-value: 2.77e-04
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| GST_N_2 | cd03047 | GST_N family, unknown subfamily 2; composed of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with ... |
41-72 | 1.13e-03 | ||||
GST_N family, unknown subfamily 2; composed of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to GSTs. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. The sequence from Burkholderia cepacia was identified as part of a gene cluster involved in the degradation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Some GSTs (e.g. Class Zeta and Delta) are known to catalyze dechlorination reactions. Pssm-ID: 239345 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 73 Bit Score: 36.52 E-value: 1.13e-03
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| GST_C_3 | pfam14497 | Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain; This domain is closely related to pfam00043. |
138-190 | 2.23e-03 | ||||
Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain; This domain is closely related to pfam00043. Pssm-ID: 464190 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 104 Bit Score: 36.38 E-value: 2.23e-03
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| GST_N_1 | cd03043 | GST_N family, unknown subfamily 1; composed of uncharacterized proteins, predominantly from ... |
9-72 | 3.00e-03 | ||||
GST_N family, unknown subfamily 1; composed of uncharacterized proteins, predominantly from bacteria, with similarity to GSTs. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Pssm-ID: 239341 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 73 Bit Score: 35.27 E-value: 3.00e-03
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| GST_N_Sigma_like | cd03039 | GST_N family, Class Sigma_like; composed of GSTs belonging to class Sigma and similar proteins, ... |
35-72 | 3.29e-03 | ||||
GST_N family, Class Sigma_like; composed of GSTs belonging to class Sigma and similar proteins, including GSTs from class Mu, Pi and Alpha. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Vertebrate class Sigma GSTs are characterized as GSH-dependent hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D synthases and are responsible for the production of PGD2 by catalyzing the isomerization of PGH2. The functions of PGD2 include the maintenance of body temperature, inhibition of platelet aggregation, bronchoconstriction, vasodilation and mediation of allergy and inflammation. Other class Sigma members include the class II insect GSTs, S-crystallins from cephalopods and 28-kDa GSTs from parasitic flatworms. Drosophila GST2 is associated with indirect flight muscle and exhibits preference for catalyzing GSH conjugation to lipid peroxidation products, indicating an anti-oxidant role. S-crystallin constitutes the major lens protein in cephalopod eyes and is responsible for lens transparency and proper refractive index. The 28-kDa GST from Schistosoma is a multifunctional enzyme, exhibiting GSH transferase, GSH peroxidase and PGD2 synthase activities, and may play an important role in host-parasite interactions. Also members are novel GSTs from the fungus Cunninghamella elegans, designated as class Gamma, and from the protozoan Blepharisma japonicum, described as a light-inducible GST. Pssm-ID: 239337 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 72 Bit Score: 35.22 E-value: 3.29e-03
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| GST_C | pfam00043 | Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain; GST conjugates reduced glutathione to a variety ... |
147-192 | 3.90e-03 | ||||
Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain; GST conjugates reduced glutathione to a variety of targets including S-crystallin from squid, the eukaryotic elongation factor 1-gamma, the HSP26 family of stress-related proteins and auxin-regulated proteins in plants. Stringent starvation proteins in E. coli are also included in the alignment but are not known to have GST activity. The glutathione molecule binds in a cleft between N and C-terminal domains. The catalytically important residues are proposed to reside in the N-terminal domain. In plants, GSTs are encoded by a large gene family (48 GST genes in Arabidopsis) and can be divided into the phi, tau, theta, zeta, and lambda classes. Pssm-ID: 459647 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 93 Bit Score: 35.34 E-value: 3.90e-03
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| GST_C_2 | pfam13410 | Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain; This domain is closely related to pfam00043. |
129-190 | 5.11e-03 | ||||
Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain; This domain is closely related to pfam00043. Pssm-ID: 433185 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 67 Bit Score: 34.60 E-value: 5.11e-03
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| GST_C_Sigma_like | cd03192 | C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Sigma-like Glutathione S-transferases; Glutathione ... |
138-190 | 6.52e-03 | ||||
C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Sigma-like Glutathione S-transferases; Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Class Sigma_like; composed of GSTs belonging to class Sigma and similar proteins, including GSTs from class Mu, Pi, and Alpha. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins, and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain. Vertebrate class Sigma GSTs are characterized as GSH-dependent hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D synthases and are responsible for the production of PGD2 by catalyzing the isomerization of PGH2. The functions of PGD2 include the maintenance of body temperature, inhibition of platelet aggregation, bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and mediation of allergy and inflammation. Other class Sigma-like members include the class II insect GSTs, S-crystallins from cephalopods, nematode-specific GSTs, and 28-kDa GSTs from parasitic flatworms. Drosophila GST2 is associated with indirect flight muscle and exhibits preference for catalyzing GSH conjugation to lipid peroxidation products, indicating an anti-oxidant role. S-crystallin constitutes the major lens protein in cephalopod eyes and is responsible for lens transparency and proper refractive index. The 28-kDa GST from Schistosoma is a multifunctional enzyme, exhibiting GSH transferase, GSH peroxidase, and PGD2 synthase activities, and may play an important role in host-parasite interactions. Members also include novel GSTs from the fungus Cunninghamella elegans, designated as class Gamma, and from the protozoan Blepharisma japonicum, described as a light-inducible GST. Pssm-ID: 198301 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 104 Bit Score: 34.91 E-value: 6.52e-03
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