CUE domain found in plant E3 ubiquitin protein ligases RIN2, RIN3 and similar proteins; RIN2 and RIN3 are two closely related RPM1-interacting proteins conserved in higher eukaryotes. They are orthologs of the mammalian autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR), a cytokine receptor localized in both plasma membrane caveolae and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). RIN2 and RIN3 have been identified as membrane-bound RING-finger type ubiquitin ligases with six apparent transmembrane domains, a RING-finger domain and a CUE domain. They act as positive regulators of RPM1- and RPS2-dependent hypersensitive response (HR).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1373894423 553 ISAMVGMVREVLPHVPDELIAQDLLRTNSVTATVNNFL 590
Cdd:cd14422     1 ILAMVGMVREVLPHVPDEIIFQDLQRTNSVTATVNNLL 38

CUE domain found in plant E3 ubiquitin protein ligases RIN2, RIN3 and similar proteins; RIN2 and RIN3 are two closely related RPM1-interacting proteins conserved in higher eukaryotes. They are orthologs of the mammalian autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR), a cytokine receptor localized in both plasma membrane caveolae and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). RIN2 and RIN3 have been identified as membrane-bound RING-finger type ubiquitin ligases with six apparent transmembrane domains, a RING-finger domain and a CUE domain. They act as positive regulators of RPM1- and RPS2-dependent hypersensitive response (HR).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1373894423 553 ISAMVGMVREVLPHVPDELIAQDLLRTNSVTATVNNFL 590
Cdd:cd14422     1 ILAMVGMVREVLPHVPDEIIFQDLQRTNSVTATVNNLL 38

Ring finger domain;

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1373894423 333 DDCAICKEPM---ARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTCR 377
Cdd:pfam13639   1 DECPICLEEFeegDKVVVLPCGHHFHRECLDKWLRS----SNTCPLCR 44

RING-finger-containing ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1373894423 334 DCAICKEPMARAKR---LPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLdqgLAETYSCPTCRRPL 380
Cdd:COG5540   325 ECAICMSNFIKNDRlrvLPCDHRFHVGCVDKWL---LGYSNKCPVCRTAI 371

CUE domain found in plant E3 ubiquitin protein ligases RIN2, RIN3 and similar proteins; RIN2 and RIN3 are two closely related RPM1-interacting proteins conserved in higher eukaryotes. They are orthologs of the mammalian autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR), a cytokine receptor localized in both plasma membrane caveolae and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). RIN2 and RIN3 have been identified as membrane-bound RING-finger type ubiquitin ligases with six apparent transmembrane domains, a RING-finger domain and a CUE domain. They act as positive regulators of RPM1- and RPS2-dependent hypersensitive response (HR).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1373894423 553 ISAMVGMVREVLPHVPDELIAQDLLRTNSVTATVNNFL 590
Cdd:cd14422     1 ILAMVGMVREVLPHVPDEIIFQDLQRTNSVTATVNNLL 38

HRD ubiquitin ligase complex, ER membrane component [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1373894423  48 LQALLQSSVVVALLANLMVNC-FLLITLSMKTIFFGQLSLVETQKVVERLInYVLFKGLFLTWVVRpEMMQIAVWLaWFS 126
Cdd:COG5243    32 LVMTSQLSPVHITIGLNVILLlFFLIANALKTLLFGSLRTFELELLYEQLW-ITLTEILLAISVFR-EAISFSFFM-LLS 108

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1373894423 127 VLGFLKMFLGLARDRLERLNASPSATVFSHLRIYAVLLFVLLFDLLWMHLCLLLFKDIGTSTFLLLLFEPLSIASDTLQA 206
Cdd:COG5243   109 TLLFAKVFHWILSFRTERLQIQSTDQRFHIFSRFSCAYFLLSILDASLIYLCISSEHLIDKSTLFLFVCEFSVLLLNLTS 188

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1373894423 207 VivhgmqlmdtwqRQSLDVSAHDVNLQPSERSAAGaaweWRGTVVRncsfvMDIVSLLLALGHCVHIWWLRglafqvVDA 286
Cdd:COG5243   189 E------------ANKLCVYNYEARDDDDERSTYL----FRLEVCY-----DGLTLLAYSLLFMYQFPYVR------VPI 241

                         250       260       270       280       290       300       310       320
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1373894423 287 ILFLNLRALLSAISKRIKGFMRLRTAMTTLQGALPDATQEQLLAYEDDCAICKEPM-------------ARAKRLPCAHL 353
Cdd:COG5243   242 YLIRQMYTCFYALFRRIREHARFRRATKDLNAMYPTATEEQLTNSDRTCTICMDEMfhpdheplprgldMTPKRLPCGHI 321

                         330       340       350       360       370
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1373894423 354 FHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTCRRPLF--MGGSRTATQNLqRLVDAATTSPGTNET 408
Cdd:COG5243   322 LHLHCLKNWLER----QQTCPICRRPVIfdQSSPTPASPNV-RNTQIATQVPNPDNT 373

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF126, RNF115, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger proteins RNF126, RNF115, and similar proteins. RNF126 is a Bag6-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the mislocalized protein (MLP) pathway of quality control. It regulates the retrograde sorting of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR). RNF126 promotes cancer cell proliferation by targeting the tumor suppressor p21 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and could be a novel therapeutic target in breast and prostate cancers. It is also able to ubiquitylate cytidine deaminase (AID), a poorly soluble protein that is essential for antibody diversification. RNF115, also known as Rab7-interacting ring finger protein (Rabring 7), or zinc finger protein 364 (ZNF364), or breast cancer-associated gene 2 (BCA2), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is an endogenous inhibitor of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation; this inhibition increases the efficacy of metformin in breast cancer cells. It also functions as a cofactor in the restriction imposed by tetherin on HIV-1, and targets HIV-1 Gag for lysosomal degradation, impairing virus assembly and release, in a tetherin-independent manner. Moreover, RNF115 is a Rab7-binding protein that stimulates c-Myc degradation through mono-ubiquitination of MM-1. It also plays crucial roles as a Rab7 target protein in vesicle traffic to late endosome/lysosome and lysosome biogenesis. RNF115 and RNF126 associate with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and promote ubiquitylation of EGFR, suggesting they play a role in the ubiquitin-dependent sorting and downregulation of membrane receptors. Both of them contain an N-terminal BCA2 Zinc-finger domain (BZF), AKT-phosphorylation sites, and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1373894423 334 DCAICKEPMA---RAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTCR 377
Cdd:cd16667     1 ECAVCKEDFEvgeEVRQLPCKHLFHPDCIVPWLEL----HNSCPVCR 43

CUE domain found in ancient ubiquitous protein 1 (AUP1) and similar proteins; AUP1 is a component of the HRD1-SEL1L endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control complex and is essential for US11-mediated dislocation of class I MHC heavy chains. It also binds to the membrane-proximal KVGFFKR motif of the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin alphaCTs that plays a crucial role in the inside-out signaling of alpha(IIb)beta(3). AUP1 is found in both the ER and in lipid droplets. It contains two conserved cytoplasmic domains, an acyltransferase domain, a CUE domain and an E2 ubiquitin conjugase G2 (Ube2g2)-binding domain (G2BR). The acyltransferase domain transfers fatty acids onto phospholipids and CUE domain participates in ubiquitin binding or in recruitment of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to the site of dislocation.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1373894423 552 RISAMVGMVREVLPHVPDELIAQDLLRTNSVTATVNNFL 590
Cdd:cd14420     1 RLARMAQQVKEVLPHVPLHVIRRDLEKTRNVDTTITNIL 39

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 213 (RNF213) and similar proteins; RNF213, also known as ALK lymphoma oligomerization partner on chromosome 17 or Moyamoya steno-occlusive disease-associated AAA+ and RING finger protein (mysterin), is an intracellular soluble protein that functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and AAA+ ATPase, which possibly contributes to vascular development through mechanical processes in the cell. It plays a unique role in endothelial cells for proper gene expression in response to inflammatory signals from the environment. Mutations in RNF213 may be associated with Moyamoya disease (MMD), an idiopathic cerebrovascular occlusive disorder prevalent in East Asia. It also acts as a nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. RNF213 contains two tandem enzymatically active AAA+ ATPase modules and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. It can form a huge ring-shaped oligomeric complex.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1373894423 334 DCAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTCRR 378
Cdd:cd16561     4 ECSICLEDLNDPVKLPCDHVFCEECIRQWLPG----QMSCPLCRT 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM65 and similar proteins; TRIM65 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with the innate immune receptor MDA5, enhancing its ability to stimulate interferon-beta signaling. It functions as a potential oncogenic protein that negatively regulates p53 through ubiquitination, providing insight into the development of novel approaches targeting TRIM65 for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treatment, and also overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, TRIM65 negatively regulates microRNA-driven suppression of mRNA translation by targeting TNRC6 proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. TRIM65 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1373894423 332 EDD--CAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQGLAETYSCPTCRRP 379
Cdd:cd16609     1 EEEltCSICLGLYQDPVTLPCQHSFCRACIEDHWRQKDEGSFSCPECRAP 50

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in the PA-TM-RING ubiquitin ligase family; The PA-TM-RING family represents a group of transmembrane-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, which has been characterized by an N-terminal transient signal peptide, a PA (protease-associated) domain, a TM (transmembrane) domain, as well as a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain. It includes RNF13, RNF167, ZNRF4 (zinc and RING finger 4), GRAIL (gene related to anergy in lymphocytes)/RNF128, RNF130, RNF133, RNF148, RNF149 and RNF150 (which are more closely related), as well as RNF43 and ZNRF3, which have substantially longer C-terminal tail extensions compared with the others. PA-TM-RING proteins are expressed at low levels in all mammalian tissues and species, but they are not present in yeast. They play a common regulatory role in intracellular trafficking/sorting, suggesting that abrogation of their function may result in dysregulation of cellular signaling events in cancer.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1373894423 334 DCAICKEPMARA---KRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTCR 377
Cdd:cd16454     1 TCAICLEEFKEGekvRVLPCNHLFHKDCIDPWLEQ----HNTCPLCR 43

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF139, RNF145, and similar proteins; RNF139, also known as translocation in renal carcinoma on chromosome 8 protein (TRC8), is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident multi-transmembrane protein that functions as a potent growth suppressor in mammalian cells, inducing G2/M arrest, decreased DNA synthesis and increased apoptosis. It is a tumor suppressor that has been implicated in a novel regulatory relationship linking the cholesterol/lipid biosynthetic pathway with cellular growth control. A mutation in RNF139 has been identified in families with hereditary renal (RCC) and thyroid cancers. RNF145 is an uncharacterized RING finger protein encoded by the RNF145 gene, which is expressed in T lymphocytes, and its expression is altered in acute myelomonocytic and acute promyelocytic leukemias. Although its biological function remains unclear, RNF145 shows high sequence similarity with RNF139. Both RNF139 and RNF145 contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger with possible E3-ubiquitin ligase activity.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1373894423 333 DDCAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLdqGLAETysCPTC 376
Cdd:cd16476     1 DVCAICYQEMKEARITPCNHFFHGLCLRKWL--YVQDT--CPLC 40

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF6 and similar proteins; RNF6 is an androgen receptor (AR)-associated protein that induces AR ubiquitination and promotes AR transcriptional activity. RNF6-induced ubiquitination may regulate AR transcriptional activity and specificity by modulating cofactor recruitment. RNF6 is overexpressed in hormone-refractory human prostate cancer tissues and required for prostate cancer cell growth under androgen-depleted conditions. Moreover, RNF6 regulates local serine/threonine kinase LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) levels in axonal growth cones. RNF6-induced LIMK1 polyubiquitination is mediated via K48 of ubiquitin and leads to proteasomal degradation of the kinase. RNF6 also binds and upregulates the Inha promoter, and functions as a transcription regulatory protein in the mouse sertoli cell. RNF6 also acts as a potential tumor suppressor gene involved in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). RNF6 contains an N-terminal coiled-coil domain, a Lys-X-X-Leu/Ile-X-X-Leu/Ile (KIL) motif, and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger which is responsible for its ubiquitin ligase activity. The KIL motif is present in a subset of RING-H2 proteins from organisms as evolutionarily diverse as human, mouse, chicken, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis thaliana.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1373894423 335 CAICKEPMA---RAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWldqgLAETYSCPTCRRPL 380
Cdd:cd16673     3 CSVCINEYAtgnKLRRLPCAHEFHIHCIDRW----LSENSTCPICRQPV 47

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 103 (RNF103) and similar proteins; RNF103, also known as KF-1 or zinc finger protein 103 homolog (Zfp-103), is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is widely expressed in many different organs, including brain, heart, kidney, spleen, and lung. It is involved in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway by interacting with components of the ERAD pathway, including Derlin-1 and VCP. RNF103 contains several hydrophobic regions at its N-terminal and middle regions, as well as a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1373894423 332 EDDCAICKE---PMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQGLAetySCPTCRRPLFMG 383
Cdd:cd16473     4 CEECAICLEnyqNGDLLRGLPCGHVFHQNCIDVWLERDNH---CCPVCRWPVYKD 55

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in protein E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Praja-1, Praja-2, and similar proteins; This family includes two highly similar E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, Praja-1 and Praja-2. Praja-1, also known as RING finger protein 70, is a RING-H2 finger ubiquitin ligase encoded by gene PJA1, a novel human X chromosome gene abundantly expressed in the brain. It has been implicated in bone and liver development, as well as memory formation and X-linked mental retardation (MRX). Praja-1 interacts with and activates the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B, and shows E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. It is a 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep)-induced ubiquitin ligase that directly ubiquitinates individual polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) subunits in a cell free system, which leads to their proteasomal degradation. It also plays an important role in neuronal plasticity, which is the basis for learning and memory. Moreover, Praja-1 ubiquitinates embryonic liver fodrin (ELF) and Smad3, but not Smad4, in a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-dependent manner. It controls ELF abundance through ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and further regulates TGF-beta signaling, which plays a key role in the suppression of gastric carcinoma. Praja-1 also regulates the transcription function of the homeodomain protein Dlx5 by controlling the stability of Dlxin-1, via a ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway. Praja-2, also known as RING finger protein 131, NEURODAP1, or KIAA0438, is an E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with and activates the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. It functions as an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)-like E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a critical role in controlling cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent PKA activity and pro-survival signaling, and further promotes cell proliferation and growth. Praja-2 is also involved in protein sorting at the postsynaptic density region of axosomatic synapses and possibly plays a role in synaptic communication and plasticity. Together with the AMPK-related kinase SIK2 and the CDK5 activator CDK5R1/p35, it forms a SIK2-p35-PJA2 complex that plays an essential role for glucose homeostasis in pancreatic beta cell functional compensation. Praja-2 ubiquitylates and degrades Mob, a core component of NDR/LATS kinase and a positive regulator of the tumor-suppressor Hippo signaling. Both Praja-1 and Praja-2 contain a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 motif.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1373894423 335 CAICKEPMAR---AKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWldqgLAETYSCPTCRRPL 380
Cdd:cd16465     2 CPICCSEYVKdeiATELPCHHLFHKPCITAW----LQKSGTCPVCRHVL 46

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 126 (RNF126) and similar proteins; RNF126 is a Bag6-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the mislocalized protein (MLP) pathway of quality control. It regulates the retrograde sorting of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR). Moreover, RNF126 promotes cancer cell proliferation by targeting the tumor suppressor p21 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and could be a novel therapeutic target in breast and prostate cancers. It is also able to ubiquitylate cytidine deaminase (AID), a poorly soluble protein that is essential for antibody diversification. In addition, RNF126 and the related protein, RNF115 associate with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and promote ubiquitylation of EGFR, suggesting they play a role in the ubiquitin-dependent sorting and downregulation of membrane receptors. RNF126 contains an N-terminal BCA2 Zinc-finger domain (BZF), the AKT-phosphorylation sites, and the C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1373894423 334 DCAICKEPMA---RAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTCRR 378
Cdd:cd16801     1 ECPVCKEDYTvgeNVRQLPCNHLFHNDCIVPWLEQ----HDTCPVCRK 44

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 3 (TTC3) and similar proteins; TTC3, also known as protein DCRR1, TPR repeat protein D, TPR repeat protein 3, or RING finger protein 105 (RNF105), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase encoded by a gene within the Down syndrome (DS) critical region on chromosome 21. It affects differentiation and Golgi compactness in neurons through specific actin-regulating pathways. It inhibits the neuronal-like differentiation of pheocromocytoma cells by activating RhoA and by binding to Citron proteins. TTC3 is an Akt-specific E3 ligase that binds to phosphorylated Akt and facilitates its ubiquitination and degradation within the nucleus. It contains four N-terminal TPR motifs, a potential coiled-coil region and a Citron binding region in the central part, and a C-terminal C3H2C2-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1373894423 335 CAICKEPMARAKR--LPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDqglaETYSCPTCRRPL 380
Cdd:cd16481     2 CIICHDDLKPDQLakLECGHIFHKECIKQWLK----EQSTCPTCRVHV 45

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in DAZ (deleted in azoospermia)-interacting protein 3 (DZIP3) and similar proteins; DZIP3, also known as RNA-binding ubiquitin ligase of 138 kDa (RUL138) or 2A-HUB protein, is an RNA-binding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) and acts as a transcriptional coactivator of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha. It is also a histone H2A ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatorial component of the repression machinery required for repressing a specific chemokine gene expression program, critically modulating migratory responses to Toll-like receptors (TLR) activation. DZIP3 contains a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger at the C-terminus.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1373894423 335 CAICKE---PMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTCRRPL 380
Cdd:cd16460     3 CVICHEafsDGDRLLVLPCAHKFHTQCIGPWLDG----QQTCPTCRLHV 47

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 115 (RNF115) and similar proteins; RNF115, also known as Rab7-interacting ring finger protein (Rabring 7), or zinc finger protein 364 (ZNF364), or breast cancer-associated gene 2 (BCA2), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is an endogenous inhibitor of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and its inhibition increases the efficacy of metformin in breast cancer cells. It also functions as a co-factor in the restriction imposed by tetherin on HIV-1, and targets HIV-1 Gag for lysosomal degradation, impairing virus assembly and release, in a tetherin-independent manner. Moreover, RNF115 is a Rab7-binding protein that stimulates c-Myc degradation through mono-ubiquitination of MM-1. It also plays crucial roles as a Rab7 target protein in vesicle traffic to late endosome/lysosome and lysosome biogenesis. Furthermore, RNF115 and the related protein, RNF126 associate with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and promote ubiquitylation of EGFR, suggesting they play a role in the ubiquitin-dependent sorting and downregulation of membrane receptors. RNF115 contains an N-terminal BCA2 Zinc-finger domain (BZF), the AKT-phosphorylation sites, and the C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1373894423 334 DCAICKEPMA---RAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDqgLAETysCPTCRRPL 380
Cdd:cd16800     2 ECPVCKEDYTvgeQVRQLPCNHFFHSDCIVPWLE--LHDT--CPVCRKSL 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 40 (TRIM40) and similar proteins; TRIM40, also known as probable E3 NEDD8-protein ligase or RING finger protein 35 (RNF35), is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It enhances neddylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB kinase subunit gamma (IKKgamma), inhibits the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-mediated transcription, and thus prevents inflammation-associated carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract. TRIM40 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1373894423 332 EDDCAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQGLAE-TYSCPTCRRP 379
Cdd:cd16583     5 EGVCPICQEPLKEAVSTDCGHLFCRMCLTQHAKKASASgVFSCPVCRKP 53

second RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 32 (RNF32) and similar proteins; RNF32 is mainly expressed in testis spermatogenesis, most likely in spermatocytes and/or in spermatids, suggesting a possible role in sperm formation. RNF32 contains two C3H2C3-type RING-H2 fingers separated by an IQ domain of unknown function. Although the biological function of RNF32 remains unclear, proteins with double RING-H2 fingers may act as scaffolds for binding several proteins that function in the same pathway. This model corresponds to the second RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1373894423 334 DCAICKEPMARAKR--------------LPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQGLAETYSCPTCR 377
Cdd:cd16678     1 DCPICLTPLQSSGDssdakrvssrptvlLSCSHVFHATCLEAFEEFSVGEELVCPVCR 58

first RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana ORTHRUS and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Arabidopsis thaliana ORTHRUS 1-5. They are E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases that may participate in CpG methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation and/or epigenetic transcriptional silencing. ORTHRUS 1 mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBC11, UBC8 and UBC8 homologs (e.g. UBC10, UBC11, UBC28 and UBC29) but not with UBC27, UBC30, UBC32, UBC34 and UBC36. ORTHRUS 2 and 5 mediate ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC11. ORTHRUS 1 and 2 promote methylation-mediated gene silencing leading, for example, to early flowering. They can bind to CpG, CpNpG, and CpNpN DNA motifs, with a strong preference for methylated forms, and with highest affinity for CpG substrates. Members of this subfamily contain two typical C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers. This model corresponds to the first one.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1373894423 335 CAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQGlaeTYSCPTCRRPL 380
Cdd:cd23138     5 CSFCMQLPERPVTTPCGHNFCLKCFQKWMGQG---KKTCGTCRSPI 47

Modified RING finger, H2 subclass (C3DHC3-type), found in zinc finger protein-like 1 (ZFPL1) and similar proteins; ZFPL1, also known as zinc finger protein MCG4, is a novel mitotic Golgi phosphoprotein required for cis-Golgi integrity and efficient endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport via directly interacting with the cis-Golgi matrix protein GM130. ZFPL1 is a widely expressed integral membrane protein with two predicted zinc fingers at its N-terminus. One is a novel type of zinc finger, and the other is a modified RING-H2 finger that lacks the fourth zinc-binding residue of the consensus C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger. It also contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS), and a leucine zipper at the C-terminus.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1373894423 334 DCAICKEPMARAK--RLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQGLAET----YSCPTCRRPLF 381
Cdd:cd16487     3 NCTLCNTSLANGDvvRLVCYDLFHWSCLNEYAAQLPANTapagYTCPQCKGPIF 56

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 145 (RNF145) and similar proteins; RNF145 is an uncharacterized RING finger protein encoded by the RNF145 gene, which is expressed in T lymphocytes, and its expression is altered in acute myelomonocytic and acute promyelocytic leukemias. Although its biological function remains unclear, RNF145 shows high sequence similarity with RNF139, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident multi-transmembrane protein that functions as a potent growth suppressor in mammalian cells, inducing G2/M arrest, decreased DNA synthesis and increased apoptosis. Like RNF139, RNF145 contains a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger with possible E3-ubiquitin ligase activity.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1373894423 331 YEDDCAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLdqGLAETysCPTC 376
Cdd:cd16684     1 HNDICSICYQDMKSAVITPCSHFFHAGCLKKWL--YVQET--CPLC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein RNFT1, RNFT2, and similar proteins; Both RNFT1 and RNFT2 are multi-pass membrane proteins containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Their biological roles remain unclear.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1373894423 333 DDCAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTCR 377
Cdd:cd16532     1 DICPICQDEFKDPVVLRCKHIFCEDCVSEWFER----ERTCPLCR 41

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF38, RNF44, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger proteins RNF38, RNF44, and similar proteins. RNF38 is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that plays a role in regulating p53. RNF44 is an uncharacterized RING finger protein that shows high sequence similarity to RNF38. Both RNF38 and RNF44 contain a coiled-coil motif, a KIL motif (Lys-X2-Ile/Leu-X2-Ile/Leu, X can be any amino acid), and a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger. In addition, RNF38 harbors two potential nuclear localization signals.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1373894423 332 EDDCAICK---EPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDqglaETYSCPTCR 377
Cdd:cd16472     2 QTQCVVCMcdyEKRQLLRVLPCSHEFHAKCIDKWLK----TNRTCPICR 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) and similar proteins; HLTF, also known as DNA-binding protein/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 regulator, HIP116, RING finger protein 80, SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 3, or sucrose nonfermenting protein 2-like 3, is a yeast RAD5 homolog found in mammals. It has both E3 ubiquitin ligase and DNA helicase activities, and plays a pivotal role in the template-switching pathway of DNA damage tolerance. It is involved in Lys-63-linked poly-ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) at Lys-164 and in the regulation of DNA damage tolerance. It shows double-stranded DNA translocase activity with 3'-5' polarity, thereby facilitating regression of the replication fork. HLTF contains an N-terminal HIRAN (HIP116 and RAD5 N-terminal) domain, a SWI/SNF helicase domain that is divided into N- and C-terminal parts by an insertion of a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger involved in the poly-ubiquitination of PCNA.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1373894423 332 EDDCAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaETYSCPTCRRPL 380
Cdd:cd16509     3 DEECAICLDSLTNPVITPCAHVFCRRCICEVIQR---EKAKCPMCRAPL 48

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase BIG BROTHER (BB) and similar proteins; BB (also known as protein ENHANCER OF DA1-1 or EOD1) is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that limits organ size, and possibly seed size, in a dose-dependent manner. It negatively regulates the duration of cell proliferation in leaves and petals independently of the major phytohormones (e.g. auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, brassinosteroids, ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid), probably by targeting growth stimulators for degradation. It limits the proliferation of root meristematic cells. BB polyubiquitinates DA1. It is involved in the promotion of leaf senescence, in addition to its function in restricting plant growth. BB-related is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase probably involved in organ size regulation. Members of this subfamily contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1373894423 332 EDDCAICK---EPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQGLAetysCPTC 376
Cdd:cd23115     4 NERCVICRleyEEGEDLLTLPCKHCYHSECIQQWLQINKV----CPVC 47

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 139 (RNF139) and similar proteins; RNF139, also known as translocation in renal carcinoma on chromosome 8 protein (TRC8), is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident multi-transmembrane protein that functions as a potent growth suppressor in mammalian cells, inducing G2/M arrest, decreased DNA synthesis and increased apoptosis. It is a tumor suppressor that has been implicated in a novel regulatory relationship linking the cholesterol/lipid biosynthetic pathway with cellular growth control. A mutation in RNF139 has been identified in families with hereditary renal (RCC) and thyroid cancers. RNF139 physically and functionally interacts with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), which is part of an SCF related E3-ubiquitin ligase complex with "gatekeeper" function in renal carcinoma and is defective in most sporadic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). It suppresses growth and functions with VHL in a common pathway. RNF139 also suppresses tumorigenesis by targeting heme oxygenase-1 for ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, RNF139 is a target of Translin (TSN), a posttranscriptional regulator of genes transcribed by the transcription factor CREM-tau in postmeiotic male germ cells, suggesting a role of RNF139 in dysgerminoma. In addition, RNF139 forms an integral part of a novel multi-protein ER complex, containing MHC I, US2, and signal peptide peptidase, which is associated with the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. It is required for the ubiquitination of MHC class I molecules before dislocation from the ER. As a novel sterol-sensing ER membrane protein, RNF139 hinders sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) processing through interaction with SREBP-2 and SREBP cleavage-activated protein (SCAP), regulating its own turnover rate via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. RNF139 shows two regions of similarity with the receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), Patched. The first region corresponds to the second extracellular domain of Patched, which is involved in binding SHH. The second region is a putative sterol-sensing domain (SSD). The C-terminal half of RNF139 contains a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger with E3-ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1373894423 332 EDDCAICKEPMARAKRL-PCAHLFHLPCLRSWLdqGLAETysCPTCRRPLFM 382
Cdd:cd16683     4 DDVCAICYQEFTTSARItPCNHYFHALCLRKWL--YIQDT--CPMCHQKVYI 51

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF24, RNF122, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RNF24, RNF122, and similar proteins. RNF24 is an intrinsic membrane protein localized in the Golgi apparatus. It specifically interacts with the ankyrin-repeats domains (ARDs) of TRPC1, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -7, and affects TRPC intracellular trafficking without affecting their activity. RNF122 is a RING finger protein associated with HEK 293T cell viability. It is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, and overexpressed in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. RNF122 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can ubiquitinate itself and undergo degradation through its RING finger in a proteasome-dependent manner. Both RNF24 and RNF122 contain an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1373894423 333 DDCAICKEPMARAKRL---PCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTCRRPL 380
Cdd:cd16469     1 DTCAVCLEEFKLKEELgvcPCGHAFHTKCLKKWLEV----RNSCPICKSPV 47

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in p53-induced RING-H2 protein (Pirh2) and similar proteins; Pirh2, also known as RING finger and CHY zinc finger domain-containing protein 1 (Rchy1), androgen receptor N-terminal-interacting protein, CH-rich-interacting match with PLAG1, RING finger protein 199 (RNF199), or zinc finger protein 363 (ZNF363), is a p53 inducible E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions as a negative regulator of p53. It preferably ubiquitylates the tetrameric form of p53 in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a role of Pirh2 in downregulating the transcriptionally active form of p53 in the cell. Moreover, Pirh2 inhibits the transcriptional activity of p73, a homolog of the tumor suppressor p53, by promoting its ubiquitination. It also monoubiquitinates DNA polymerase eta (PolH) to suppress translesion DNA synthesis. Furthermore, Pirh2 functions as a negative regulator of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) function by promoting ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Pirh2 enhances androgen receptor (AR) signaling through inhibition of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and is overexpressed in prostate cancer. It interacts with TIP60 and this association may regulate Pirh2 stability. In addition, the oncoprotein pleomorphic adenoma gene like 2 (PLAGL2) can bind to the Pirh2 dimer and therefore control the stability of Pirh2. Pirh2 contains a total of nine zinc-binding sites with six located at the N-terminal region, two in the C3H2C3-type RING-H2 domain, and one in the C-terminal region. Nine zinc binding sites comprise three different zinc coordination schemes, including RING type cross-brace zinc coordination, C4 zinc finger, and a novel left-handed beta-spiral zinc-binding motif formed by three recurrent CCHC sequence motifs. This subfamily also includes Drosophila melanogaster Deltex, a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic ubiquitin E3 ligase that mediates Notch activation in Drosophila. It selectively suppresses T-cell activation through degradation of a key signaling molecule, MAP kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1). It also inhibits Jun-mediated transcription at the stage of Ras-dependent Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) activation. Deltex contains N-terminal two Notch-binding WWE domains that physically interact with the Notch ankyrin domains, a proline-rich motif that shares homology with SH3-binding domains, and a RING finger at the C-terminus.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1373894423 334 DCAICKEPM----ARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQGlaeTYSCPTCR 377
Cdd:cd16464     1 NCPVCLEDLftsrEPVHVLPCGHLMHSTCFEEYLKSG---NYRCPLCS 45

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 11 (RNF11) and similar proteins; RNF11 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts both as an adaptor and a modulator of itch-mediated control of ubiquitination events underlying membrane traffic. It acts downstream of an enzymatic cascade for the ubiquitination of specific substrates. It is also a molecular adaptor of homologous to E6-associated protein C-terminus (HECT)-type ligases. RNF11 has been implicated in the regulation of several signaling pathways. It enhances transforming growth factor receptor (TGFR) signaling by both abrogating Smurf2-mediated receptor ubiquitination and by promoting the Smurf2-mediated degradation of AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM), a de-ubiquitinating enzyme that enhances TGF-beta signaling and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endosomal recycling. It also acts directly on Smad4 to enhance Smad4 function, and plays a role in prolonged TGF-beta signaling. RNF11 also functions as a critical component of the A20 ubiquitin-editing protein complex that negatively regulates tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. It interacts with Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-0 complex, thus participating in the regulation of lysosomal degradation of EGFR. RNF11 acts as a novel GGA cargo actively participating in regulating the ubiquitination of the GGA protein family. RNF11 functions together with TAX1BP1 to target TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/IkappaB kinase IKKi, and further restricts antiviral signaling and type I interferon (IFN)-beta production. RNF11 contains an N-terminal PPPY motif that binds WW domain-containing proteins such as AIP4/itch, Nedd4 and Smurf1/2 (SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1/2), and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger that functions as a scaffold for the coordinated transfer of ubiquitin to substrate proteins together with the E2 enzymes UbcH527 and Ubc13.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1373894423 335 CAICKE---PMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTC 376
Cdd:cd16468     2 CVICMAdfvVGDPIRYLPCMHIYHVDCIDDWLMR----SFTCPSC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 222 (RNF222) and similar proteins; RNF222 is an uncharacterized C3HC4-type RING-HC finger-containing protein. It may function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1373894423 334 DCAICKEPMARAKRLP-CAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaETYSCPTCRRPLF 381
Cdd:cd16564     2 ECPVCYEDFDDAPRILsCGHSFCEDCLVKQLVS---MTISCPICRRVTF 47

second RING finger, HC subclass, found in the LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family; The LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family includes LONRF1 (also known as RING finger protein 191 or RNF191), LONRF2 (also known as RING finger protein 192, RNF192, or neuroblastoma apoptosis-related protease), LONRF3 (also known as RING finger protein 127 or RNF127), which are characterized by containing two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers, four tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, and an ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain at the C-terminus. Their biological functions remain unclear. This model corresponds to the second RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1373894423 334 DCAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQGlaetYSCPTCRRPL 380
Cdd:cd16514     3 ECSLCLRLLYEPVTTPCGHTFCRACLERCLDHS----PKCPLCRTSL 45

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Caenorhabditis elegans RING finger protein NHL-1 and similar proteins; NHL-1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase in the presence of both UBC-13 and UBC-1 within the ubiquitin pathway of Caenorhabditis elegans. It acts in chemosensory neurons to promote stress resistance in distal tissues by the transcription factor DAF-16 activation but is dispensable for the activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1). NHL-1 belongs to the TRIM (tripartite motif)-NHL family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as an NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1373894423 326 EQLLAyeddCAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHL-PCLrswldQGLAETYS----CPTCR 377
Cdd:cd16524     3 EQLLT----CPICLDRYRRPKLLPCQHTFCLsPCL-----EGLVDYVTrklkCPECR 50

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 167 (RNF167) and similar proteins; RNF167, also known as RING105, is an endosomal/lysosomal E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) ubiquitination. It ubiquitinates AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit GluA2 and regulates its surface expression, and thus acts as a selective regulator of AMPAR-mediated neurotransmission. It acts as an endosomal membrane protein which ubiquitylates vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) and regulates endosomal trafficking. Moreover, RNF167 plays a role in the regulation of TSSC5 (tumor-suppressing subchromosomal transferable fragment cDNA, also known as ORCTL2/IMPT1/BWR1A/SLC22A1L), which can function in concert with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH6. RNF167 is widely conserved in metazoans and contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, two transmembrane domains (TM1 and TM2), and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1373894423 333 DDCAICKEPMARAKRL---PCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaETYSCPTCRR 378
Cdd:cd16797     1 DVCAICLDEYEEGDKLrvlPCSHAYHSKCVDPWLTQ---TKKTCPVCKQ 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 39 (TRIM39) and similar proteins; TRIM39, also known as RING finger protein 23 (RNF23) or testis-abundant finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in controlling DNA damage-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a multiprotein ubiquitin ligase that controls multiple cell cycle regulators, including cyclins, geminin, and others. TRIM39 also functions as a regulator of several key processes in the proliferative cycle. It directly regulates p53 stability. It modulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses via stabilizing p21. Moreover, TRIM39 negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated signaling pathway through stabilization of Cactin, an inhibitor of NFkappaB- and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated transcription, which is induced by inflammatory stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, TRIM39 is a MOAP-1-binding protein that can promote apoptosis signaling through stabilization of MOAP-1 via the inhibition of its poly-ubiquitination process. TRIM39 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1373894423 332 EDDCAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQgLAETYSCPTC 376
Cdd:cd16601     1 EASCSLCKEYLKDPVIIECGHNFCRACITRFWEE-LDGDFPCPQC 44

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana protein ABA INSENSITIVE RING PROTEIN 1 (AIRP1) and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Arabidopsis thaliana AIRP1 and RING-H2 finger B1a (RHB1A). AIRP1, also known as RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase AIRP1, possesses E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity in vitro when associated with the E2 enzyme UBC8. It plays combinatory roles with AIRP2 in the positive regulation of the abscisic acid-mediated drought stress response. RHB1A is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Members of this subfamily contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1373894423 332 EDDCAICKEP--MARAKRLP-CAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTCRRPL 380
Cdd:cd23116     2 EDVCPTCLEGytEENPKLLTkCGHHFHLACIYEWMER----SERCPVCDKEM 49

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in TRAF-interacting protein (TRAIP) and similar proteins; TRAIP, also known as RING finger protein 206 (RNF206) or TRIP, is a ubiquitously expressed nucleolar E3 ubiquitin ligase important for cellular proliferation and differentiation. It is found near mitotic chromosomes and functions as a regulator of the spindle assembly checkpoint. TRAIP interacts with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins and inhibits TNF-alpha-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. It also interacts with two tumor suppressors CYLD and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and DNA polymerase eta, which facilitates translesional synthesis after DNA damage. TRAIP contains an N-terminal C3H2C2-type RING-H2 finger and an extended coiled-coil domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1373894423 335 CAICKEPMARAKRL---PCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQglaeTYSCPTCR 377
Cdd:cd16480     2 CTICSDFFDNSRDVaaiHCGHTFHYDCLLQWFDT----SRTCPQCR 43

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 130 (RNF130) and similar proteins; RNF130, also known as Goliath homolog (H-Goliath), is a paralog of RNF128, also known as gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein (GRAIL). It is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase expressed in leukocytes. It has a self-ubiquitination property, and controls the development of T cell clonal anergy by ubiquitination. RNF130 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1373894423 333 DDCAICKEPMAR---AKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDqglaETYSCPTCR 377
Cdd:cd16803     1 DHCAVCIEGYKQndvVRILPCKHVFHKSCVDPWLN----EHCTCPMCK 44

RING-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1373894423 335 CAICKEPMARAKRLPCAHLFHLPCLRSWLDqgLAETYSCPTCRR 378
Cdd:COG5574   218 CFLCLEEPEVPSCTPCGHLFCLSCLLISWT--KKKYEFCPLCRA 259

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana protein WAV3 homolog 2 (WAVH2) and similar proteins; WAVH2, also known as RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase WAVH2, is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the regulation of root growth. It acts as a positive regulator of root gravitropism. WAVH2 contains a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1373894423 332 EDDCAICKEPMARAKRLP-----CAHLFHLPCLRSWLDQGlaeTYSCPTCR 377
Cdd:cd23114     4 SSECSICLETMKPGSGHAiftaeCSHSFHFECIAGNVRHG---NLRCPVCR 51