FYVE-like domain found in caspase regulator CARP2 and similar proteins; CARP2, also termed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rififylin, or caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 2, or FYVE-RING finger protein Sakura (Fring), or RING finger and FYVE-like domain-containing protein 1, or RING finger protein 189, or RING finger protein 34-like, is a novel caspase regulator containing a FYVE-type zinc finger domain. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway through degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP2 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10, which are distinguished from other FYVE-type proteins. Moreover, CARP2 has an altered sequence in the basic ligand binding patch and lack the WxxD (x for any residue) motif that is conserved only in phosphoinositide binding FYVE domains. Thus it belongs to a family of unique FYVE-type domains called FYVE-like domains. In addition to the N-terminal FYVE-like domain, CARP2 harbors a C-terminal RING domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 51854209  44 EPSCKACGVHFASTTRKQTCLDCKKNFCMTCSSQEGNGPRLCLLCLRFR 92
Cdd:cd15770   1 EISCKACGIRFASCARKHPCMDCKKNYCTACSSQAENGPSLCQLCQRFR 49

FYVE-like domain found in caspase regulator CARP2 and similar proteins; CARP2, also termed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rififylin, or caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 2, or FYVE-RING finger protein Sakura (Fring), or RING finger and FYVE-like domain-containing protein 1, or RING finger protein 189, or RING finger protein 34-like, is a novel caspase regulator containing a FYVE-type zinc finger domain. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway through degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP2 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10, which are distinguished from other FYVE-type proteins. Moreover, CARP2 has an altered sequence in the basic ligand binding patch and lack the WxxD (x for any residue) motif that is conserved only in phosphoinositide binding FYVE domains. Thus it belongs to a family of unique FYVE-type domains called FYVE-like domains. In addition to the N-terminal FYVE-like domain, CARP2 harbors a C-terminal RING domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 51854209  44 EPSCKACGVHFASTTRKQTCLDCKKNFCMTCSSQEGNGPRLCLLCLRFR 92
Cdd:cd15770   1 EISCKACGIRFASCARKHPCMDCKKNYCTACSSQAENGPSLCQLCQRFR 49

RING-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 51854209 280 SGLEENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTC-----TKCGKRMNECPICRQYV 325
Cdd:COG5574 211 IPLADYKCFLCLEEPEVPSCTPCGHLFCLsclliSWTKKKYEFCPLCRAKV 261

RING finger, HC subclass, found in caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 1 (CARP1) and similar proteins; CARP1, also known as caspase regulator CARP1, FYVE-RING finger protein Momo, RING finger homologous to inhibitor of apoptosis protein (RFI), RING finger protein 34 (RNF34), or RING finger protein RIFF, is a nuclear protein that functions as a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase for the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha, a master regulator of energy metabolism and adaptive thermogenesis in the brown fat cell which negatively regulates brown fat cell metabolism. It is preferentially expressed in esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, suggesting a possible association with the development of digestive tract cancers. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway by degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP1 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10. CARP1 contains an N-terminal FYVE-like domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 51854209 281 GLEENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQYVIRAVHVFRS 334
Cdd:cd16706   1 GSDDNLCRICMDAVIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMSECPICRQYVVRAVHVFKS 54

FYVE-like domain found in caspase regulator CARP2 and similar proteins; CARP2, also termed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rififylin, or caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 2, or FYVE-RING finger protein Sakura (Fring), or RING finger and FYVE-like domain-containing protein 1, or RING finger protein 189, or RING finger protein 34-like, is a novel caspase regulator containing a FYVE-type zinc finger domain. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway through degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP2 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10, which are distinguished from other FYVE-type proteins. Moreover, CARP2 has an altered sequence in the basic ligand binding patch and lack the WxxD (x for any residue) motif that is conserved only in phosphoinositide binding FYVE domains. Thus it belongs to a family of unique FYVE-type domains called FYVE-like domains. In addition to the N-terminal FYVE-like domain, CARP2 harbors a C-terminal RING domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 51854209  44 EPSCKACGVHFASTTRKQTCLDCKKNFCMTCSSQEGNGPRLCLLCLRFR 92
Cdd:cd15770   1 EISCKACGIRFASCARKHPCMDCKKNYCTACSSQAENGPSLCQLCQRFR 49

FYVE-like domain found in caspase-associated ring proteins, CARP1 and CARP2; CARP1 and CARP2 are a novel group of caspase regulators by the presence of a FYVE-type zinc finger domain. They do not localize to membranes in the cell and are involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10, which are distinguished from other FYVE-type proteins. Moreover, these proteins have an altered sequence in the basic ligand binding patch and lack the WxxD (x for any residue) motif that is conserved only in phosphoinositide binding FYVE domains. Thus they constitute a family of unique FYVE-type domains called FYVE-like domains.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 51854209  45 PSCKACGVHFASTTRKQTCLDCKKNFCMTCSSQEGNGPRLCLLCLRF 91
Cdd:cd15750   1 MPCESCGAKFSVFKRKRTCADCKRYFCSNCLSKEERGRRRCRRCRAL 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs); IAPs are frequently overexpressed in cancer and associated with tumor cell survival, chemoresistance, disease progression, and poor prognosis. They function primarily as negative regulators of cell death. They regulate caspases and apoptosis through the inhibition of specific members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. In addition, IAPs has been implicated in a multitude of other cellular processes, including inflammatory signalling and immunity, mitogenic kinase signalling, proliferation and mitosis, as well as cell invasion and metastasis. IAPs in this family includes cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein c-IAP1 (BIRC2) and c-IAP2 (BIRC3), XIAP (BIRC4), BIRC7, and BIRC8, all of which contain three N-terminal baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains that enable interactions with proteins, a ubiquitin-association (UBA) domain that is responsible for the binding of polyubiquitin (polyUb), and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at the carboxyl terminus that is required for ubiquitin ligase activity. The UBA domain is only absent in mammalian homologs of BIRC7. Moreover, c-IAPs contains an additional caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) between the UBA and C3HC4-type RING-HC domains. The CARD domain may serve as a protein interaction surface.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 51854209 284 ENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQ 323
Cdd:cd16510   1 EKLCKICMDREVNIVFLPCGHLVTCAQCAASLRKCPICRT 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in apoptosis protein c-IAP1, c-IAP2, livin, and similar proteins; The cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein c-IAPs function as ubiquitin E3 ligases that mediate the ubiquitination of substrates involved in apoptosis, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling, and oncogenesis. Unlike other IAPs, such as XIAP, c-IAPs exhibit minimal binding to caspases and may not play an important role in the inhibition of these proteases. c-IAP1, also known as baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein BIRC2, IAP-2, RING finger protein 48, or TNFR2-TRAF-signaling complex protein 2, is a potent regulator of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family and NF-kappaB signaling pathways in the cytoplasm. It can also regulate E2F1 transcription factor-mediated control of cyclin transcription in the nucleus. c-IAP2, also known as BIRC3, IAP-1, apoptosis inhibitor 2 (API2), or IAP homolog C, also influences ubiquitin-dependent pathways that modulate innate immune signalling by activation of NF-kappaB. c-IAPs contain three N-terminal baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains that enable interactions with proteins, a ubiquitin-association (UBA) domain that is responsible for the binding of polyubiquitin (polyUb), a caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) that serves as a protein interaction surface, and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at the carboxyl terminus that is required for ubiquitin ligase activity. Livin, also known as baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 7 (BIRC7), kidney inhibitor of apoptosis protein (KIAP), melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis protein (ML-IAP), or RING finger protein 50, was identified as the melanoma IAP. It plays crucial roles in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle control. Its anti-apoptotic activity is regulated by the inhibition of caspase-3, -7, and -9. Its E3 ubiquitin-ligase-like activity promotes degradation of Smac/DIABLO, a critical endogenous regulator of all IAPs. Unlike other family members, mammalian livin contains a single BIR domain and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. The UBA domain can be detected in non-mammalian homologs of livin.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 51854209 283 EENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQYVIRAVHVFRS 334
Cdd:cd16713   6 EERTCKVCMDKEVSIVFIPCGHLVVCTECAPSLRKCPICRATIKGTVRTFLS 57

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in mitochondrial-anchored protein ligase (MAPL) and similar proteins; MAPL, also known as MULAN, mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1, E3 SUMO-protein ligase MUL1, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MUL1, growth inhibition and death E3 ligase (GIDE), putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 266, or RING finger protein 218 (RNF218), is a multifunctional mitochondrial outer membrane protein involved in several processes specific to metazoan (multicellular animal) cells, such as NF-kappaB activation, innate immunity and antiviral signaling, suppression of PINK1/parkin defects, mitophagy in skeletal muscle, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. MAPL contains a unique BAM (beside a membrane)/GIDE (growth inhibition death E3 ligase) domain and a C-terminal modified cytosolic C3HC5-type RING-HC finger which is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 51854209 284 ENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNE---CPICRQYVIRAVHVF 332
Cdd:cd16648   1 DNACVICLSNPRSCVFLECGHVCSCIECYEALPSpkkCPICRSFIKRVVPLY 52

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana protein XB3 homolog 5 (XBAT35) and similar proteins; XBAT35, also known as ankyrin repeat domain and RING finger-containing protein XBAT35, or RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase XBAT35, has no E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity observed when associated with the E2 enzyme UBC8 in vitro. It contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 51854209 283 EENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRM----NECPICRQYVIRAVHVF 332
Cdd:cd23129   1 QRDECVVCMDAPRDAVCVPCGHVAGCMSCLKALmqssPLCPICRAPVRQVIKVY 54

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in neuralized-like protein 1A (NEURL1A) and similar proteins; NEURL1A, also known as NEURL1, NEU, neuralized 1, or RING finger protein 67 (RNF67), is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila neuralized (D-neu) protein. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that directly interacts with and monoubiquitinates cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3), an RNA binding protein and a translational regulator of local protein synthesis, which facilitates hippocampal plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory storage. It also acts as a potential tumor suppressor that causes apoptosis and downregulates Notch target genes in the medulloblastoma. NEURL1A contains two neuralized homology regions (NHRs) responsible for Neural-ligand interactions and a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger required for ubiquitin ligase activity. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 51854209 287 CKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNE-----CPICRQYVIRAVHVFRS 334
Cdd:cd16785   7 CTICYENAVDTVIYTCGHMCLCYACGLRLKKmlnacCPICRRAIKDIIKTYRS 59

RING finger, HC subclass, found in myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MYLIP) and similar proteins; MYLIP, also known as inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor (IDOL), or MIR, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC), LDLR, VLDLR, and LRP8. Its activity depends on E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of the UBE2D family. MYLIP stimulates clathrin-independent endocytosis and acts as a sterol-dependent inhibitor of cellular cholesterol uptake by binding directly to the cytoplasmic tail of the LDLR and promoting its ubiquitination via the UBE2D1/E1 complex. The ubiquitinated LDLR then enters the multivesicular body (MVB) protein-sorting pathway and is shuttled to the lysosome for degradation. Moreover, MYLIP has been identified as a novel ERM-like protein that affects cytoskeleton interactions regulating cell motility, such as neurite outgrowth. The ERM proteins includes ezrin, radixin, and moesin, which are cytoskeletal effector proteins linking actin to membrane-bound proteins at the cell surface. MYLIP contains an ERM-homology domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 51854209 283 EENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQYVIRAVHVF 332
Cdd:cd16523   1 EAMLCMVCCEEEINSAFCPCGHMVCCESCAAQLQSCPVCRSRVEHVQHVY 50

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in mahogunin RING finger protein 1 (MGRN1), RING finger protein 157 (RNF157) and similar proteins; MGRN1, also known as RING finger protein 156 (RNF156), is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that inhibits signaling through the G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors-1 (MC1R), -2 (MC2R) and -4 (MC4R) via ubiquitylation-dependent and -independent processes. It suppresses chaperone-associated misfolded protein aggregation and toxicity. MGRN1 interacts with cytosolic prion proteins (PrPs) that are linked with neurodegeneration. It also interacts with expanded polyglutamine proteins, and suppresses misfolded polyglutamine aggregation and cytotoxicity. Moreover, MGRN1 inhibits melanocortin receptor signaling by competition with Galphas, suggesting a novel pathway for melanocortin signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus. MGRN1 also interacts with and ubiquitylates TSG101, a key component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-I, and regulates endosomal trafficking. A null mutation in the gene encoding MGRN1 causes spongiform neurodegeneration, suggesting a link between dysregulation of endosomal trafficking and spongiform neurodegeneration. RNF157 is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin ligase predominantly expressed in the brain. It is a homolog of the E3 ligase mahogunin ring finger-1 (MGRN1). In cultured neurons, it promotes neuronal survival in an E3 ligase-dependent manner. In contrast, it supports growth and maintenance of dendrites independent of its E3 ligase activity. RNF157 interacts with and ubiquitinates the adaptor protein APBB1 (amyloid beta precursor protein-binding, family B, member 1 or Fe65), which regulates neuronal survival, but not dendritic growth downstream of RNF157. The nuclear localization of APBB1 together with its interaction partner RNA-binding protein SART3 (squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3 or Tip110) is crucial to trigger apoptosis. Both MGRN1 and RNF157 contain a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, and a functionally uncharacterized region, known as domain associated with RING2 (DAR2), N-terminal to the RING finger. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 51854209 285 NLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRM----NECPICR 322
Cdd:cd16789   1 SECVICLSDPRDTAVLPCRHLCLCSDCAEVLryqsNKCPICR 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RNA-binding protein MEX3B; MEX3B, also known as RING finger and KH domain-containing protein 3 (RKHD3), or RING finger protein 195 (RNF195), is an RNA-binding phosphoprotein that localizes in P-bodies and stress granules, which are two structures involved in the storage and turnover of mRNAs. It regulates the spatial organization of the Rap1 pathway that orchestrates Sertoli cell functions. It has a 3' long conserved untranslated region (3'LCU)-mediated fine-tuning system for mRNA regulation in early vertebrate development such as anteroposterior (AP) patterning and signal transduction. MEX3B contains two K homology (KH) domains that provide RNA-binding capacity, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Like other MEX-3 family proteins, MEX3B shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 51854209 287 CKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNE-----CPICRQYVIRAVHVF 332
Cdd:cd16721   7 CSICFESEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANRICEknepqCPVCHAAVTQAIRIF 57

FYVE-like domain found in caspase regulator CARP1 and similar proteins; CARP1, also termed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF34, or caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 1, or FYVE-RING finger protein Momo, or RING finger homologous to inhibitor of apoptosis protein (RFI), or RING finger protein 34, or RING finger protein RIFF, is a nuclear protein that functions as a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase for the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha, a master regulator of energy metabolism and adaptive thermogenesis in the brown fat cell, and negatively regulates brown fat cell metabolism. It is preferentially expressed in esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers, suggesting a possible association with the development of the digestive tract cancers. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway through degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP1 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10, which are distinguished from other FYVE-type proteins. Moreover, CARP1 has an altered sequence in the basic ligand binding patch and lack the WxxD (x for any residue) motif that is conserved only in phosphoinositide binding FYVE domains. Thus it belongs to a family of unique FYVE-type domains called FYVE-like domains. In addition to the N-terminal FYVE-like domain, CARP1 harbors a C-terminal RING domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 51854209  47 CKACGVHFASTTRKQTCLDCKKNFCMTCSSQEGNgPRLCLLC 88
Cdd:cd15769   4 CKACGLAFSVFRKKHVCCDCKKDFCSVCSVLQEN-LRRCSTC 44

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C2H2C4-type), found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2, protein MDM4 and similar proteins; MDM2 (also known as HDM2) and MDM4 (also known as MDMX or HDMX) are the primary p53 tumor suppressor negative regulators. They have non-redundant roles in the regulation of p53. MDM2 mainly functions to control p53 stability, while MDM4 controls p53 transcriptional activity. Both MDM2 and MDM4 contain an N-terminal p53-binding domain, a RanBP2-type zinc finger (zf-RanBP2) domain near the central acidic region, and a C-terminal modified C2H2C4-type RING-HC finger. Mdm2 can form homo-oligomers through its RING domain and displays E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that catalyzes the attachment of ubiquitin to p53 as an essential step in the regulation of its levels in cells. Despite its RING domain and structural similarity with MDM2, MDM4 does not homo-oligomerize and lacks ubiquitin-ligase function, but inhibits the transcriptional activity of p53. In addition, both their RING domains are responsible for the hetero-oligomerization, which is crucial for the suppression of P53 activity during embryonic development and the recruitment of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Moreover, MDM2 and MDM4 can be phosphorylated and destabilized in response to DNA damage stress. In response to ribosomal stress, MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation can be inhibited through the interaction with ribosomal proteins L5, L11, and L23. However, MDM4 is not bound to ribosomal proteins, suggesting its different response to regulation by small basic proteins such as ribosomal proteins and ARF.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 51854209 285 NLCKICMDSPIDCVLL--ECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNE----CPICRQYVIRAVH 330
Cdd:cd16646   1 DLCVICLSRPRTAAIVhgKTGHQVACYTCAKKLKRrgkpCPVCRRPIQNVIK 52

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in cell growth regulator with RING finger domain protein 1 (CGRRF1) and similar proteins; CGRRF1, also known as cell growth regulatory gene 19 protein (CGR19) or RING finger protein 197 (RNF197), functions as a novel biomarker to monitor endometrial sensitivity and response to insulin-sensitizing drugs, such as metformin, in the context of obesity. CGRRF1 contains a C-terminal modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, which is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 51854209 285 NLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPICR 322
Cdd:cd16787   1 KDCVVCQNAPVNRVLLPCRHACVCDECFKRLQRCPMCR 38

second RING finger, HC subclass, found in mind bomb 2 (MIB2) and similar proteins; MIB2, also known as novel zinc finger protein (Novelzin), putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 002N, skeletrophin, or zinc finger ZZ type with ankyrin repeat domain protein 1, is a large, multi-domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails of Notch ligands. Especially, it promotes Delta ubiquitylation and endocytosis in Notch activation. Overexpression of MIB2, activates NF-kappaB and interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) reporter activity. Moreover, MIB2 acts as a novel component of the activated B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10) complex and controls BCL10-dependent NF-kappaB activation. It also functions as a founder myoblast-specific protein that regulates myoblast fusion and muscle stability. MIB2 contains an MZM region with two Mib-Herc2 domains flanking a ZZ zinc finger, a REP region including two tandem Mib repeats, an ANK region that spans ankyrin repeats, and a RNG region consisting of two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers. This model corresponds to the second RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 51854209 283 EENLCKICMDSPIDCVLlECGHMvTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQYVIRAVHVF 332
Cdd:cd16728   3 ERITCPICIDNHIKLVF-QCGHG-SCIECSSALKACPICRQAIRERIQIF 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RNA-binding proteins of the evolutionarily-conserved MEX-3 family; MEX-3 phosphoproteins are found in vertebrates. They are mediators of post-transcriptional regulation in different organisms, and have been implicated in many core biological processes, including embryonic development, epithelial homeostasis, immune responses, metabolism, and cancer. They contain two K homology (KH) domains that provide RNA-binding capacity, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. They shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway. The RNA-binding protein MEX-3 from nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is the founding member of the MEX-3 family. Due to the lack of a RING-HC finger, it is not included here.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 51854209 287 CKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRM-----NECPICRQYVIRAVHVF 332
Cdd:cd16518   3 CVVCFESEVVAALVPCGHNLFCMECANRIceksdPECPVCHTPVTQAIRIF 53

FYVE domain found in WD40 repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 (WDFY3) and similar proteins; WDFY3, also termed autophagy-linked FYVE protein (Alfy), is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P or PI3P) binding protein required for selective macroautophagic degradation of aggregated proteins. It regulates the protein degradation through the direct interaction with the autophagy protein Atg5. Moreover, WDFY3 acts as a scaffold that bridges its cargo to the macroautophagic machinery via the creation of a greater complex with Atg12, Atg16L, and LC3. It also functionally associates with sequestosome-1/p62 (SQSTM1) in osteoclasts. WDFY3 shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. It predominantly localizes to the nucleus and nuclear membrane under basal conditions, but is recruited to cytoplasmic ubiquitin-positive protein aggregates under stress conditions. WDFY3 contains a PH-BEACH domain assemblage, five WD40 repeats and a PtdIns3P-binding FYVE domain.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 51854209  46 SCKACGVHFASTTRKQTCLDCKKNFCMTCSSQEGNGPRL 84
Cdd:cd15719  11 SCTGCSVRFSLTERRHHCRNCGQLFCSKCSRFESEIRRL 49

first RING finger, HC subclass, found in mind bomb 2 (MIB2) and similar proteins; MIB2, also known as novel zinc finger protein (Novelzin), putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 002N, skeletrophin, or zinc finger ZZ type with ankyrin repeat domain protein 1, is a large, multi-domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails of Notch ligands. It promotes Delta ubiquitylation and endocytosis in Notch activation. Overexpression of MIB2 activates NF-kappaB and interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) reporter activity. Moreover, MIB2 acts as a novel component of the activated B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10) complex and controls BCL10-dependent NF-kappaB activation. It also functions as a founder myoblast-specific protein that regulates myoblast fusion and muscle stability. MIB2 contains an MZM region with two Mib-Herc2 domains flanking a ZZ zinc finger, a REP region including two tandem Mib repeats, an ANK region that spans ankyrin repeats, and a RNG region consisting of two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers. This model corresponds to the first RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 51854209 287 CKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPIC 321
Cdd:cd16726   3 CLVCSELAALVRFEPCQHSIVCEECARRMKKCIKC 37

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING domain ligase RGLG1, RGLG2 and similar proteins from plant; RGLG1 is a ubiquitously expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with UBC13 and, together with UBC13, catalyzes the formation of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which is involved in DNA damage repair. RGLG1 mediates the formation of canonical, K48-linked polyubiquitin chains that target proteins for degradation. It also regulates apical dominance by acting on the auxin transport proteins abundance. RGLG1 has overlapping functions with its closest sequelog, RGLG2. They both function as RING E3 ligases that interact with ethylene response factor 53 (ERF53) in the nucleus and negatively regulate the plant drought stress response. Members of this subfamily contain a Von Willebrand factor type A (vWA) domain and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 51854209 283 EENLCKICMDSPIDcVLLECGHMvTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQ 323
Cdd:cd16729   1 DDQLCPICLSNPKD-MAFGCGHQ-TCCECGQSLTHCPICRQ 39

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) proteins; The Cbl adaptor protein family contains a small class of RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases with oncogenic activity, which is represented by three mammalian members, c-Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c, as well as two invertebrate Cbl-family proteins, D-Cbl in Drosophila and Sli-1 in C. elegans. Cbl proteins function as potent negative regulators of various signaling cascades in a wide range of cell types. They play roles in ubiquitinating activated tyrosine kinases and targeting them for degradation. D-Cbl associates with the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and overexpression of D-Cbl in the eye of Drosophila embryos inhibits EGFR-dependent photoreceptor cell development. Sli-1 is a negative regulator of the Let-23 receptor tyrosine kinase, an EGFR homolog, in vulva development. Cbl proteins in this subfamily consist of a highly conserved N-terminal half that includes a tyrosine-kinase-binding domain (TKB, also known as the phosphotyrosine binding PTB domain, composed of a four helix-bundle, a Ca2+ binding EF-hand and a highly variant SH2 domain) and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, both of which are required for Cbl-mediated downregulation of RTKs, and a divergent C-terminal region.

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gi 51854209 285 NLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVtCTKC-----GKRMNECPICR 322
Cdd:cd16502   2 QLCKICAENDKDVRIEPCGHLL-CTPCltswqDSDGQTCPFCR 43