Alpha-crystallin domain found in alphaA-crystallin (HspB4), alphaB-crystallin (HspB5), and the small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB6, also known as Hsp20. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. Only trace amounts of HspB4 are found in tissues other than the lens. HspB5 on the other hand is also expressed constitutively in other tissues including brain, heart, and type I and type IIa skeletal muscle fibers, and in several cancers including gliomas, renal cell carcinomas, basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas, and head and neck cancer. HspB5's functions include effects on the apoptotic pathway and on metastasis. Phosphorylation of HspB5 reduces its oligomerization and anti-apoptotic activities. HspB5 is protective in demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS), being a negative regulator of inflammation. In early active MS lesions it is the most abundant gene transcript and an autoantigen, the immune response against it would disrupt its function and worsen inflammation and demyelination. Given as therapy for ongoing demyelinating disease it may counteract this effect. It is an autoantigen in the pathogenesis of various other inflammatory disorders including Lens-associated uveitis (LAU), and Behcet's disease. Mutations in HspB5 have been associated with diseases including dominant cataract and desmin-related myopathy. Mutations in HspB4 have been associated with Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataract (ADCC). HspB6 (Hsp20) is ubiquitous and is involved in diverse functions including regulation of glucose transport and contraction of smooth muscle, in platelet aggregation, in cardioprotection, and in the prevention of apoptosis. It interacts with the universal scaffolding and adaptor protein 14-3-3, and also with the proapoptotic protein Bax.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 59958370  66 QVSTDSGYFSVLLDVKHFLPEEISVKVVDDHVEVHARHEERPDEHGFIAREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAVTSALSPEGVLSIQ 145
Cdd:cd06478   1 EVRLDKDRFSVNLDVKHFSPEELSVKVLGDFVEIHGKHEERQDEHGFISREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAITSSLSADGVLTIS 80

                ...
gi 59958370 146 ATP 148
Cdd:cd06478  81 GPR 83

Alpha-crystallin domain found in alphaA-crystallin (HspB4), alphaB-crystallin (HspB5), and the small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB6, also known as Hsp20. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. Only trace amounts of HspB4 are found in tissues other than the lens. HspB5 on the other hand is also expressed constitutively in other tissues including brain, heart, and type I and type IIa skeletal muscle fibers, and in several cancers including gliomas, renal cell carcinomas, basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas, and head and neck cancer. HspB5's functions include effects on the apoptotic pathway and on metastasis. Phosphorylation of HspB5 reduces its oligomerization and anti-apoptotic activities. HspB5 is protective in demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS), being a negative regulator of inflammation. In early active MS lesions it is the most abundant gene transcript and an autoantigen, the immune response against it would disrupt its function and worsen inflammation and demyelination. Given as therapy for ongoing demyelinating disease it may counteract this effect. It is an autoantigen in the pathogenesis of various other inflammatory disorders including Lens-associated uveitis (LAU), and Behcet's disease. Mutations in HspB5 have been associated with diseases including dominant cataract and desmin-related myopathy. Mutations in HspB4 have been associated with Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataract (ADCC). HspB6 (Hsp20) is ubiquitous and is involved in diverse functions including regulation of glucose transport and contraction of smooth muscle, in platelet aggregation, in cardioprotection, and in the prevention of apoptosis. It interacts with the universal scaffolding and adaptor protein 14-3-3, and also with the proapoptotic protein Bax.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 59958370  66 QVSTDSGYFSVLLDVKHFLPEEISVKVVDDHVEVHARHEERPDEHGFIAREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAVTSALSPEGVLSIQ 145
Cdd:cd06478   1 EVRLDKDRFSVNLDVKHFSPEELSVKVLGDFVEIHGKHEERQDEHGFISREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAITSSLSADGVLTIS 80

                ...
gi 59958370 146 ATP 148
Cdd:cd06478  81 GPR 83

Alpha crystallin A chain, N terminal;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 59958370     3 IPVPVQPSWLRRASAPLPGfsaPGRLFDQRFGEGLLEAELASLCPAAIAPYYLRaPSVAL 62
Cdd:pfam00525   1 MDVAIQHPWFRRPLFPSFF---PSRIFDQRFGEGLLESDLFPFCPPTLSPYYYR-PSFFR 56

Alpha-crystallin domain found in alphaA-crystallin (HspB4), alphaB-crystallin (HspB5), and the small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB6, also known as Hsp20. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. Only trace amounts of HspB4 are found in tissues other than the lens. HspB5 on the other hand is also expressed constitutively in other tissues including brain, heart, and type I and type IIa skeletal muscle fibers, and in several cancers including gliomas, renal cell carcinomas, basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas, and head and neck cancer. HspB5's functions include effects on the apoptotic pathway and on metastasis. Phosphorylation of HspB5 reduces its oligomerization and anti-apoptotic activities. HspB5 is protective in demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS), being a negative regulator of inflammation. In early active MS lesions it is the most abundant gene transcript and an autoantigen, the immune response against it would disrupt its function and worsen inflammation and demyelination. Given as therapy for ongoing demyelinating disease it may counteract this effect. It is an autoantigen in the pathogenesis of various other inflammatory disorders including Lens-associated uveitis (LAU), and Behcet's disease. Mutations in HspB5 have been associated with diseases including dominant cataract and desmin-related myopathy. Mutations in HspB4 have been associated with Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataract (ADCC). HspB6 (Hsp20) is ubiquitous and is involved in diverse functions including regulation of glucose transport and contraction of smooth muscle, in platelet aggregation, in cardioprotection, and in the prevention of apoptosis. It interacts with the universal scaffolding and adaptor protein 14-3-3, and also with the proapoptotic protein Bax.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 59958370  66 QVSTDSGYFSVLLDVKHFLPEEISVKVVDDHVEVHARHEERPDEHGFIAREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAVTSALSPEGVLSIQ 145
Cdd:cd06478   1 EVRLDKDRFSVNLDVKHFSPEELSVKVLGDFVEIHGKHEERQDEHGFISREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAITSSLSADGVLTIS 80

                ...
gi 59958370 146 ATP 148
Cdd:cd06478  81 GPR 83

Alpha-crystallin domain found in the small heat shock protein (sHsp) alphaB-crystallin (HspB5, 20kDa). sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. HspB4 does not belong to this group. HspB5 shows increased synthesis in response to stress. HspB5 is also expressed constitutively in other tissues including brain, heart, and type I and type IIa skeletal muscle fibers, and in several cancers including gliomas, renal cell carcinomas, basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas, and head and neck cancer. Its functions include effects on the apoptotic pathway and on metastasis. Phosphorylation of HspB5 reduces its oligomerization and anti-apoptotic activities. HspB5 is protective in demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS), being a negative regulator of inflammation. In early active MS lesions it is the most abundant gene transcript and an autoantigen, the immune response against it would disrupt its function and worsen inflammation and demyelination. Given as therapy for ongoing demyelinating disease it may counteract this effect. It is an autoantigen in the pathogenesis of various other inflammatory disorders including Lens-associated uveitis (LAU), and Behcet's disease. Mutations in HspB5 have been associated with diseases including dominant cataract and desmin-related myopathy.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 59958370  74 FSVLLDVKHFLPEEISVKVVDDHVEVHARHEERPDEHGFIAREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAVTSALSPEGVLSIQA 146
Cdd:cd06498   9 FSVNLDVKHFSPEELKVKVLGDFIEIHGKHEERQDEHGFISREFQRKYRIPADVDPLTITSSLSPDGVLTVCG 81

Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small (s)heat shock protein (Hsp)-27 (also denoted HspB1 in human) and similar proteins. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Hsp27 shows enhanced synthesis in response to stress. It is a molecular chaperone which interacts with a large number of different proteins. It is found in many types of human cells including breast, uterus, cervix, platelets and cancer cells. Hsp27 has diverse cellular functions including, chaperoning, regulation of actin polymerization, keratinocyte differentiation, regulation of inflammatory pathways in keratinocytes, and protection from oxidative stress through modulating glutathione levels. It is also a subunit of AUF1-containing protein complexes. It has been linked to several transduction pathways regulating cellular functions including differentiation, cell growth, development, and apoptosis. Its activity can be regulated by phosphorylation. Its unphosphorylated state is a high molecular weight aggregated form (100-800kDa) composed of up to 24 subunits, which forms as a result of multiple interactions within the ACD, and is required for chaperone function and resistance to oxidative stress. Upon phosphorylation these large aggregates rapidly disassociate to smaller oligomers and chaperone activity is modified. High constitutive levels of Hsp27 have been detected in various cancer cells, in particular those of carcinoma origin. Over-expression of Hsp27 has a protective effect against various diseases-processes, including Huntington's disease. Mutations in Hsp27 have been associated with a form of distal hereditary motor neuropathy type II and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 59958370  65 AQVSTDSGYFSVLLDVKHFLPEEISVKVVDDHVEVHARHEERPDEHGFIAREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAVTSALSPEGVLSI 144
Cdd:cd06475   3 SEIRQTADRWKVSLDVNHFAPEELVVKTKDGVVEITGKHEEKQDEHGFVSRCFTRKYTLPPGVDPTAVTSSLSPDGILTV 82

                ..
gi 59958370 145 QA 146
Cdd:cd06475  83 EA 84

Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD) of alpha-crystallin-type small(s) heat shock proteins (Hsps). sHsps are small stress induced proteins with monomeric masses between 12 -43 kDa, whose common feature is the Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD). sHsps are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits, and are believed to be ATP-independent chaperones that prevent aggregation and are important in refolding in combination with other Hsps.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 59958370  67 VSTDSGYFSVLLDVKHFLPEEISVKVVDDHVEVHARHEERPDE------HGFIAREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAVTSALSPeG 140
Cdd:cd06464   2 VYETDDAYVVEADLPGFKKEDIKVEVEDGVLTISGEREEEEEEeenylrRERSYGSFSRSFRLPEDVDPDKIKASLEN-G 80

                ....*.
gi 59958370 141 VLSIQA 146
Cdd:cd06464  81 VLTITL 86

Alpha crystallin A chain, N terminal;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 59958370     3 IPVPVQPSWLRRASAPLPGfsaPGRLFDQRFGEGLLEAELASLCPAAIAPYYLRaPSVAL 62
Cdd:pfam00525   1 MDVAIQHPWFRRPLFPSFF---PSRIFDQRFGEGLLESDLFPFCPPTLSPYYYR-PSFFR 56

Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian 21.6 KDa small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB8, also denoted as Hsp22 in humans, and similar proteins. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. A chaperone complex formed of HspB8 and Bag3 stimulates degradation of protein complexes by macroautophagy. HspB8 also forms complexes with Hsp27 (HspB1), MKBP (HspB2), HspB3, alphaB-crystallin (HspB5), Hsp20 (HspB6), and cvHsp (HspB7). These latter interactions may depend on phosphorylation of the respective partner sHsp. HspB8 may participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Point mutations in HspB8 have been correlated with the development of several congenital neurological diseases, including Charcot Marie tooth disease and distal motor neuropathy type II.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 59958370  63 PTAQVSTDSGYFSVLLDVKHFLPEEISVKVVDDHVEVHARHEERPDEHGFIAREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAVTSALSPEGVL 142
Cdd:cd06480   6 PRNPPPNSSEPWKVCVNVHSFKPEELTVKTKDGFVEVSGKHEEQQKEGGIVSKNFTKKIQLPPEVDPVTVFASLSPEGLL 85

                ....
gi 59958370 143 SIQA 146
Cdd:cd06480  86 IIEA 89

Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB9 and similar proteins. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Human (h) HspB9 is expressed exclusively in the normal testis and in various tumor samples and is a cancer/testis antigen. hHspB9 interacts with TCTEL1 (T-complex testis expressed protein -1), a subunit of dynein. hHspB9 and TCTEL1 are co-expressed in similar cells within the testis and in tumor cells. Included in this group is Xenopus Hsp30, a developmentally-regulated heat-inducible molecular chaperone.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 59958370  74 FSVLLDVKHFLPEEISVKVVDDHVEVHARHE-ERPDEHG---FIAREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAVTSALSPEGVLSIQA 146
Cdd:cd06481   9 FSLKLDVRGFSPEDLSVRVDGRKLVVTGKREkKNEDEKGsfsYEYQEFVREAQLPEHVDPEAVTCSLSPSGHLHIRA 85

Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB10, also known as sperm outer dense fiber protein (ODFP), and similar proteins. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Human (h) HspB10 occurs exclusively in the axoneme of sperm cells and may have a cytoskeletal role.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 59958370  68 STDSGYFSVLLDVKHFLPEEISVKVVDDHVEVHARHEERPDEHG---FIAREFHRRYRLPPGVDPAAVTSALSPEGVLSI 144
Cdd:cd06482   4 SCDSSNVLASVDVCGFEPDQVKVKVKDGKVQVSAERENRYDCLGskkYSYMNICKEFSLPPGVDEKDVTYSYGLGSVVKI 83

                ..
gi 59958370 145 QA 146
Cdd:cd06482  84 ET 85