RING finger (Really Interesting New Gene) domain and U-box domain superfamily; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers: some have different Cys/His patterns while some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions (the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can indeed chelate Zn in a RING finger as well). C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type RING fingers are closely related to RING-HC fingers. In contrast, C4HC3- (RING-CH alias RINGv), C3H3C2-, C3H2C2D-, C3DHC3-, and C4HC2H-type RING fingers are more closely related to RING-H2 fingers. However, not all RING finger-containing proteins display regular RING finger features, and the RING finger family has turned out to be multifarious. The degenerate RING fingers of the Siz/PIAS RING (SP-RING) family proteins and sporulation protein RMD5, are characterized by lacking the second, fifth, and sixth Zn2+ ion-coordinating residues. They bind only one Zn2+ ion. On the other hand, the RING fingers of the human APC11 and RBX1 proteins can bind a third Zn atom since they harbor four additional Zn ligands. U-box is a modified form of the RING finger domain that lacks metal chelating Cys and His residues. It resembles the cross-brace RING structure consisting of three beta-sheets and a single alpha-helix, which would be stabilized by salt bridges instead of chelated metal ions. U-box proteins are widely distributed among eukaryotic organisms and show a higher prevalence in plants than in other organisms. RING finger/U-box-containing proteins are a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enable efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

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gi 212645078  1 MVVGGADRGVISYFCGHVYHKICLTGRFN 29
Cdd:cd16484  11 ESDVGANSPVVVFFCGHMFHKFCLPELSM 39

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in vacuolar protein sorting-associated proteins Vps8, Vps11, Vps18, Vps41, and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to a group of vacuolar protein sorting-associated proteins containing a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger, which includes Vps8, Vps11, Vps18, and Vps41. Vps11 and Vps18 associate with Vps16 and Vps33 to form a Class C Vps core complex that is required for soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE)-mediated membrane fusion at the lysosome-like yeast vacuole. The core complex, together with two additional compartment-specific subunits, forms the tethering complexes HOPS (homotypic vacuole fusion and protein sorting) and CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome transport). CORVET contains the additional Vps3 and Vps8 subunits. It operates at endosomes, controls traffic into late endosomes and interacts with the Rab5/Vps21-GTP form. HOPS contains the additional Vps39 and Vps41 subunits. It operates at the lysosomal vacuole, controls all traffic from late endosomes into the vacuole and interacts with the Rab7/Ypt7-GTP form.

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gi 212645078  1 MVVGGADRGVISYFCGHVYHKICLTGRFN 29
Cdd:cd16484  11 ESDVGANSPVVVFFCGHMFHKFCLPELSM 39

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in vacuolar protein sorting-associated proteins Vps8, Vps11, Vps18, Vps41, and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to a group of vacuolar protein sorting-associated proteins containing a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger, which includes Vps8, Vps11, Vps18, and Vps41. Vps11 and Vps18 associate with Vps16 and Vps33 to form a Class C Vps core complex that is required for soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE)-mediated membrane fusion at the lysosome-like yeast vacuole. The core complex, together with two additional compartment-specific subunits, forms the tethering complexes HOPS (homotypic vacuole fusion and protein sorting) and CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome transport). CORVET contains the additional Vps3 and Vps8 subunits. It operates at endosomes, controls traffic into late endosomes and interacts with the Rab5/Vps21-GTP form. HOPS contains the additional Vps39 and Vps41 subunits. It operates at the lysosomal vacuole, controls all traffic from late endosomes into the vacuole and interacts with the Rab7/Ypt7-GTP form.

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gi 212645078  1 MVVGGADRGVISYFCGHVYHKICLTGRFN 29
Cdd:cd16484  11 ESDVGANSPVVVFFCGHMFHKFCLPELSM 39